3.2.2 Research
Where do bile and pancreatic enzymes enter the small intestine?
The duodenum receives pancreatic enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver and gallbladder. These fluids, which enter the duodenum through an opening called the sphincter of Oddi, are important in aiding digestion and absorption.
what is the relationship between the liver and gallbladder
The gallbladder is a small storage organ located inferior and posterior to the liver. Though small in size, the gallbladder plays an important role in our digestion of food. The gallbladder holds bile produced in the liver until it is needed for digesting fatty foods in the duodenum of the small intestine.
liver
produces bile
What are the functions of the hard and soft palette
Closes the nasal passage during swallowing
What mechanical and chemical digestion occurs in the stomach?
Mechanical: churning the food, Chemical: Enzymes
what cell in the stomach make enzymes
Pepsinogen
What is bolus
Portion of food swallowed at one time
What chemical digestion occurs in the oral cavity
Saliva breaking down food
How do sphincters relate to the stomach
Sphincters make sure that food int he stomach does not go back up to the esophagus
What makes sure food does not go down the windpipe
The Larynx
How does the large intestine help maintain a water balance in the body?
The absorption of water by the large intestine not only helps to condense and solidify feces, but also allows the body to retain water to be used in other metabolic processes. Ions and nutrients released by gut bacteria and dissolved in water are also absorbed in the large intestine and used by the body for metabolism.
How does the stomach decontaminate food matter
The acids in the stomach kill bacteria and germs .
what are the three sections of the small intestine and what role does each section play in digestion or absorption?
The duodenum is the first and shortest section of the small intestine, it receives a mix of partially digested food particles that is mixed with bile from our stomachs. The duodenum's intestinal cells also secrete amylase, sucrase, and lipase enzymes that break down fats and sugars. The jejunum follows suit and is located near our belly buttons. The jejunum marks the end of our digestion of fats and carbohydrates. It is covered in villi and micro-villi that make it the principal site of digestion. It is also a coiled structure that is thicker and has more blood vessels than the third and final section, the ileum. The ileum lies in our pelvic area, more or less, and is thinner and less vascular than the jejunum. The ileum's main role is in absorption and it will absorb amino acids, lipids, fat-soluble vitamins, and vitamin B12.
Where are the soft and hard palette located
The hard palette is at the front and the soft is at the back
What is the pH within the small intestine and how is this pH maintained?
The intraluminal pH is rapidly changed from highly acid in the stomach to about pH 6 in the duodenum. The pH gradually increases in the small intestine from pH 6 to about pH 7.4 in the terminal ileum. The pH drops to 5.7 in the caecum, but again gradually increases, reaching pH 6.7 in the rectum.
How does the liver function in relation to digestion?
The liver has multiple functions, but its main function within the digestive system is to process the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine. Bile from the liver secreted into the small intestine also plays an important role in digesting fat. In addition, the liver is the body's chemical "factory."
What are other functions of the liver in the body?
The liver is an organ that secretes hormones and chemicals due to it producing bile. It detoxifies blood from harmful substances, stores simple sugar glucose, breaks down hemoglobin, destroys old red blood cells and converts stored sugar into usable sugar when the body's glucose level falls below normal.
What is the size of the liver and where is it located?
The liver is your largest internal organ. About the size of a football, it's located mainly in the upper right portion of your abdomen, beneath the diaphragm and above your stomach
what is the function of the large intestine in relation to digestion
The major function of the large intestine is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter and transmit the useless waste material from the body.
what is the oral cavity and what does it contain
The oral cavity is the first part of the digestive tract and it contains the mouth, teeth, uvula etc.
What enzymes are produced by the pancreas and what are their functions?
The pancreas contains exocrine glands that produce enzymes important to digestion. These enzymes include trypsin and chymotrypsin to digest proteins; amylase for the digestion of carbohydrates; and lipase to break down fats.
How does the pancreas connect to the rest of the digestive system?
The pancreas has an endocrine function because it releases juices directly into the bloodstream, and it has an exocrine function because it releases juices into ducts. Enzymes, or digestive juices, are secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine. There, it continues breaking down food that has left the stomach.
What are the size and the location of the pancreas?
The pancreas is about 6 inches long and sits across the back of the abdomen, behind the stomach. The head of the pancreas is on the right side of the abdomen and is connected to the duodenum (the first section of the small intestine) through a small tube called the pancreatic duct.
How does food move through the intestines?
The pathway of food through the intestines is: duodenum → jejunum → ileum → cecum → colon → rectum
What is the function of the salivary glands
The salivary glands produce saliva, which keeps the mouth and other parts of the digestive system moist.
Why doesn't the stomach digest itself?
The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus.
What mechanical digestion occurs in the oral cavity
The teeth breaking down the food
what is the function of the tongue
The tongue aids in moving food in the mouth, chewing, and swallowing.
what is the function of bile and where does it enter the digestive tract
This substance is made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Bile is a yellow-green, thick, sticky fluid that helps with food digestion (among other important functions). Specifically, it breaks down fats into fatty acids, which can be taken into the body by the digestive tract
What is peristaltic movement and where is it seen
When a circular muscles contracts: Esophagus
Is there digestion in the esophagus?
Yes the act of peristaltic movement helps digest food
What is the function of the stomach
main function is digestion. It does this by: Storing the food we eat. Breaking down the food into a liquidly mixture called chyme.
What are sphincters?
muscles that control the passage of material from one organ to the next
What enzymes act inside the small intestine and what are the functions of these enzymes?
Amylase breaks down starches and carbohydrates into sugars. Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids. Lipase breaks down lipids, which are fats and oils, into glycerol and fatty acids
pancreas
An organs in the abdominal cavity with two roles. The first is an exocrine role: to produce digestive enzymes and bicarbonate, which are delivered to the small intestine via the pancreatic duct. The second is an endocrine role: to secrete insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream to help regulate blood glucose levels.
What is chyme and how does the stomach mix this material?
Chyme is partially digested food and the stomach had acids that break it down
how is insulin related to the digestive system
Insulin is released in the pancreas from a result in high blood sugar levels.
