3405: QUIZ 2 modules
When engaging in the implementation phase of research, which action is the nurse likely to take?
Collect study data
The data collection process in qualitative research includes which of the following steps?
Understanding the role of the researcher
When planning recruitment activities, the researcher must consider if there will be direct access to the population within a research site or if it will be necessary to negation with the:
gatekeeper
T/F: When planning a qualitative study, a literature review is always done before collecting data from key informants.
FALSE
In terms of the PICO scheme, the independent variable corresponds to the:
"I" & "C"
The nurse manager of a mother/baby unit is interested in presenting a qualitative research article at the next journal club. Which of the following article titles best describe a qualitative research study?
"The Lived Experience of Single Mothers Caring for a Disabled Child"
In which research process step would the researcher utilize a codebook?
Analyzing and interpreting the results
In a quantitative study, variables are also known as:
Concepts
Which role specifically describes the nurse who develops policies and procedures for a health care agency, after analyzing the available research?
Critique relevant research studies
Which of the following factors is associated with increased attrition in research studies?
Data collection that includes five interviews over 2 weeks
T/F: A correlational research design has both a control group and an experimental group.
FALSE
In order for statistical results to be useful to clinicians and researchers, the results must be:
Interpreted
A researcher is studying self-efficacy in a sample of new mothers. Data will be collected at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after birth to determine the level of self-efficacy. What type of research design is most appropriate for this study?
Longitudinal
Nurse researchers work in a variety of roles and settings. What are the three primary domains where nursing research has an impact?
Public policy, nursing practice, nursing professional status
When reviewing a research journal, the nurse is aware that this research method involves collection of numerical data:
Quantitative
What is a major difference between the quantitative and qualitative research processes?
Quantitative research follows a linear progression while qualitative research follows a non-linear progression
A nurse wants information on a new subject area. Which research source is considered the most reliable of the options provided?
Seeking out literature in an electronic database, such as CINAHL or MEDLINE.
The nurse must compensate for barriers that arise when doing research. Which barrier would occur during the implementation phase?
Staff not adequately trained to collect data
T/F: The higher the rate of attrition in a research study, the greater the risk of bias.
TRUE
The problem statement in a study identifies a(n):
knowledge gap
Identify the dependent variable in this statement: Adult clients between the ages of 18 and 65 who smoke 2 packs of cigarettes daily are at increased risk for lung cancer.
Cancer
T/F: Qualitative research involves a fairly linear process with researchers planning the steps and following those steps as closely as possible.
FALSE
What is the most common data collection method used by nurses in quantitative research?
Self-reports
T/F: Study participants who drop out of a research study do not have an impact on the generalizability of study findings.
FALSE
T/F: The dependent variable influences a change in the independent variable.
FALSE
In which section of a research report would the nurse reading a research report find a description of the research design, sampling plan, and study procedures?
Methods
Identify the independent variable in this statement: Adult clients between the ages of 18 and 35 report reduced pain after music therapy
Music therapy
The primary purpose for conducting community health research is to:
Gain new knowledge that will improve health services
T/F: When searching electronic databases, identification of keywords is one of the first tasks the researcher must perform to begin the process of reviewing literature for a research study.
TRUE
T/F: In a blind study, only data collectors have information about participants and intervention agents.
FALSE
T/F: In examining the concept of disease prevention, primary prevention consists of strategies early or during the active stages of illness and injury.
FALSE
T/F: Providing an incentive such as a gift card to recruit subjects for a research study is considered to be an ethical violation.
FALSE
T/F: The discussion section of a research study noted several limitations. These limitations indicate the study is flawed, and therefore, the results are not meaningful.
FALSE
T/F: The variables used in a research study are explicitly defined as variables in the purpose of the study.
FALSE
When reading a research journal, the nurse examines quantitative and qualitative studies for differences. Which components would be unique to a quantitative study?
Names of statistical tests are included
A staff nurse works with clients receiving chemotherapy as part of a blind study. What design type would always be used in a blind study?
Experimental
A qualitative researcher is deciding on a strategy to maintain reflexivity. This requires an awareness that the researcher brings a unique set of values and professional identity that may impact the research process. Which strategy is most effective in maintaining reflexivity?
Maintain a journal or diary
One approach to a bibliographic database search is a feature that allows the researcher to enter his or her own keywords into the search field instead of the exact subject heading used in the database. This feature is known as:
Mapping
A nurse researcher is looking for a research instrument to measure patient satisfaction after nursing rounds were implemented on the medical-surgical unit. In which section of the research studies selected by the nurse would she find the study instruments?
Methods
A nurse researcher plans to study the effect of a nurse residency program on job retention in newly graduated nurses. The study involves a control group of new graduates who did not participate in the residency program. What is the independent variable in this study?
Nurse residency program
A nurse learns to conduct an effective search using search tools, such as Boolean operators. Which search term(s) is likely to gather the most information?
Obesity or diabetes
T/F: The level of the researcher's experience may be a barrier to implementing a research study.
TRUE
T/F: The most common approach to making structured observations in quantitative research is to use a category system for classifying observed phenomena.
TRUE
A nurse is studying sources of bias in a research study. Which description is related to attrition bias?
The sample is no longer representative of the population
Which are biophysiologic measures? (Select all that apply.)
-Visual analog scale -Hematocrit -Blood pressure -End tidal CO2
A nurse researcher is planning a study and is concerned about subject attrition rates. Strategies that can be used to retain study participants include: (Select all that apply.)
-Maintain a trusting relationship with participants -Follow up with occasional reminders -Simplify data collection procedures
A nurse researcher has defined a clinical problem and is developing a plan for his study. This step in the quantitative research process involves identification of which of the following components?
-Sample design -Research design -Data collection method
A nurse researcher is developing a sampling plan for a study. Which participant is most likely to drop out of a research study?
55-year-old unemployed father of three high school-aged children
The nurse reviews research reports to determine if they are related to a current clinical problem. Which section of the report would be most useful to give an overview of the study?
Abstract
A nurse researcher is developing a search strategy to locate relevant studies for her research review. He will be using citations from relevant studies to find previous research on which the previous studies were based. Which approach is the research using?
Ancestry
What would represent a dependent variable in a research study?
Client satisfaction
Consider the following research question: Is there a relationship between handwashing technique and infection rates on a telemetry unit? Infection rates indicate which type of variable in this research question?
Dependent
Community nurse researchers engage in a variety of research roles. Which role specifically describes the nurse who conducts a study on the availability of healthy food options in the community?
Design and implement studies
During what step of the research process will the researcher establish if the study design should be quantitative or qualitative?
Develop a detailed plan
Where should this excerpt belong in a research report for a qualitative study? "Given the findings from this study, health providers should provide this population with effective incentives to modify their eating habits for health purposes."
Discussion
Which of the following is a major step in a qualitative research study?
Gaining entrée into research sites
Identify the dependent variable in the following research question: In a group of female adolescents, what is the effect of a web-based HPV vaccine educational program in comparison to a face-to-face HPV vaccine educational program on HPV immunization rates?
HPV immunization rates
A nursing researcher is interested in the pain perception of first-time teenage mothers. The nurse wants to use the most effective data collection method available. What data collection method is best suited for the situation?
Interviews
When considering the acronym PICO, used in evidence-based practice research, what component is affected most by a strong recruitment strategy?
Population
Which statement is true about variables?
Researchers sometimes create a variable, Variables are often inherent human characteristics, The dependent variable corresponds to the "O" (outcome) in a PICO question, Variables are the central building blocks of quantitative studies.
T/F: The role of the nurse in serving diverse communities includes strategic emphasis on health promotion, disease prevention, and risk reduction.
TRUE
A nurse searches for systematic reviews that summarize the results of several studies in one research article. Which database would be most likely to provide this information?
COCHRANE
One form of data collection in qualitative research is observation. Recording these observations can be accomplished with field notes. Which of the following are considered categories of field notes? (Select all that apply.)
-Descriptive -Theoretical -Reflective
When selecting a problem for a quantitative study, which are most likely to be used as sources of information? (Select all that apply.)
-Existing nursing theories -Published research studies about topics of interest -Creative questioning about practice
Which steps are parts of a qualitative study? (Select all that apply.)
-Identifying the research problem -Conceptualizing and planning the study -Doing a literature review
Cost of access is one factor that affects nurses' ability to search for information. Which databases are available free of charge? (Select all that apply).
-MEDLINE -Google Scholar
When using an observational method of data collection, what type of information is potentially gathered? (Select all that apply.)
-Nonverbal communication -Verbal communication -Activities -Environmental conditions
What does a researcher's sampling plan identify? (Select all that apply.)
-Number of subjects -Sample selection
The nurse who evaluates educational approaches to improving blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes is addressing which type of prevention measure?
Secondary prevention
A nurse researcher considers the age of participants when designing a study. Which age group is at particular risk for dropping out of a study?
Adolescent
When engaging in a research study, in what order does the nurse organize the steps of the research process?
Problem, planning, implementation, analysis and interpretation, dissemination
When planning a study, a nurse researcher aims to prevent attrition bias. Which study design is likely to be associated with increased attrition?
Data collection that includes five interviews over two weeks
A nurse researcher plans interventions to decrease attrition of a sample. The researcher is considering offering an incentive such as a $10 gift card to study participants. What effect is this likely to have on attrition rates?
Decrease attrition rates
In order to make inferences about study results, researchers recognize that the actual sample should most closely represent the delineated, target population. Distortions that arise when a sample is not representative of the population from which it was drawn are known as:
sampling bias
If researchers fail to develop a thorough recruitment strategy, their study results may be weak. For what reasons might data collected in a study be weak? (Select all that apply.)
-Not represent the entire population -Be insufficient
What traits do data collection plans in quantitative studies have? (Select all that apply.)
-Objective -Quantifiable -Highly structured
In a quantitative study, the method section includes which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
-Sampling plan -Research design -Data analysis methods
The nurse is learning to review research reports. Interpretation of the results, step 4 of the research process, will appear in which section of the research report?
Discussion
Researchers conducted a randomized control trial to determine the effectiveness of a new drug for depression. What type of research design was used in this study?
Experimental
The nurse studies the role of research on health promotion and disease prevention. Immunizations, education classes, and using seatbelts are examples of what type of prevention measure?
Primary prevention
In quantitative and qualitative research, which of the major steps is common to both research methods?
Protecting human subjects
Which would be the best option for the nurse who is seeking out sources of information specific to the fields of psychology, behavioral sciences, and mental health?
PsycINFO
Once researchers have identified the population sample for their study, recruitment of subjects is the next step. Which method would be considered inappropriate for recruitment of study participants?
Searching hospital records
After planning his research study, the nurse is ready for the implementation phase. During this step, data will be collected from study participants. Which of the following are considered to be appropriate methods of data collection for quantitative studies?
Self-reports
