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Chris and Alex are beginning to explore their sexuality Chris feels Alex should be the initiator and Alex knows Chris is the person who sets the limits . What might we conclude about Chris and / or Alex ?

Chris is an adolescent girl .

Darlene and Geoff are both taking math classes at Westgate High School . Darlene is in a class where her teacher is constantly doing " hands on " projects with the class . Geoff's teacher simply lectures and assigns homework . Who is more likely to exhibit formal operational thinking ?

Darlene

The age - related change known as presbyopia causes which change in the senses ?

Decreased ability to focus on near objects .

Sven , your adolescent nephew , tells you he is worried that he is not normal because his feet and hands seem to be too big for his body . Which of the following is the best advice for Sven ?

Don't worry Hands and feet hit the growth spurt before the rest of your body

According to the text , there are many factors which may affect the onset of pubertal changes . Which scenario would most likely lead to delayed onset ?

Lee is a wrestler who constantly diets and over exercises to maintain a lower weight class

Matthew is about midway through puberty . In tears , he tells his camp counselor that he won't go swimming without his shirt because his breasts are enlarged . Which of the following is the best advice for Matthew ?

" One out of four boys experiences breast enlargement , which goes away in about a year . "

Stanley Hall defined adolescence , he felt it applied to young people aged

13 to 15 through 24 .

Why do most states in the United States still treat adolescents differently when they commit a crime ?

Adolescents are not held to be as responsible for their actions as adults are

Which of the following is most TRUE of identity development ?

Identity issues continue through emerging adulthood .

Tertiary aging is the process that occurs at what point in life ?

In the rapid decline before death

Some experimental research randomly assigns participants to play regular video games or violent video games , followed by conclusions about cause - and - effect relationships between such video games and aggressive behaviors . From a uses and gratification perspective , what is the primary problem with this type of approach ?

It does not take into account the fact that people in the real world make their own choices about what media to use

Which of the following individuals provides the best example of divided attention ?

Jay , who is listening to Lady Gaga while studying for a math test

Who is the most likely to understand the metaphor " life is like a box of chocolates " ?

Wayland , a 15 - year - old boy .

Violations of the law committed by juveniles are referred to as acts of

delinquency

During which of the following life periods do people tend to spend the most time alone ?

emerging adulthood

Carl recently dropped out of college . According to the text , what might be a strong factor contributing to Carl's early departure from college ?

lack of financial support

According to research , dropout rates are higher in

larger schools .

Malnutrition in older adults can be contributed to by which normal age - related change ?

less effective esophagus

Which of the following is NOT a typical article topic in magazines targeted to adolescent girls ?

professional careers

G. Stanley Hall is credited as the initiator of the

study of adolescence as a distinct field .

Processing speed in adolescents is

faster than in children

According to the text , adults often view sex in emerging adulthood as

" a normal part of life . "

What age do most gay men come out?

16

Richard is an 18 - year - old student who has just graduated from high school and is going right on to college . If Richard is like the average American college student , it will take him how many years to earn a " 4 - year " degree .

5-6

In 2015 , what was the average life expectancy in the U.S. of people who have reached the age of 65 ?

84.4

Dylan , a 15 - year - old boy , and his father , Craig , have spent less time together over the past few years . On average Dylan and his father only spend about one hour a day together and most of that time is spent watching television What does this tell us about Dylan's home life ?

Dylan's home life is normal

Which statement best characterizes the main difference between adolescence and emerging adulthood ?

Emerging adults are more independent of their parents

Which statement best characterizes the research conducted on adolescent masturbation ?

Girls ' reports of masturbation may be influenced by social desirability

Which statement concerning gender differences and school achievement differences is most accurate ?

Girls achieve higher grades than boys do .

Carlton is 14 years of age and has suffered from intermittent physical abuse for several years . Which statement most likely to be true about Carlton's situation ?

He is most likely being abused by his father

Which statement best characterizes adolescent love ?

Infatuation is very common among adolescents

Which statement best summarizes the situation of people in midlife ?

Job satisfaction peaks in middle adulthood

Liza is an early - maturing girl who just reached menarche . She is very upset and is having a difficult time adjusting . Which of the following is the most likely reason for Liza's feelings ?

Liza was unprepared for menarche ; her mother hadn't even told her about it yet .

Which scenario best summarizes the ambiguity felt by emerging adults ?

Mallory feels in - between - not quite an adolescent , but not quite an adult .

What information does the identification of white matter hyperintensities in the brains of older adults provide about the aging nervous system ?

No specific connections to brain functioning have been demonstrated .

Tessa's parents have noticed that she has low self - esteem . Of the following , what is the best advice for them ?

Provide love and encouragement

Which type of exercise would be best to prevent damage to the joints in adulthood ?

Stretching

What country has the highest percentage of young adults who cohabitate before marriage ?

Sweden

According to the text , which statement best categorizes the connection between a mother / daughter relationship and an adolescent daughter's sexual habits ?

The closer the mother / daughter relationship is , the more likely the daughter will use contraception

Hip - hop music has been criticized for all but which of the following ?

actively encouraging rebellion against the United States government

For an adolescent , feelings of failure may result from awareness of a difference between the

actual self and the ideal self .

According to her mom , a school teacher and has a child 33 - year - old Shara had no problems during of her own . During her adolescent years , however , Shara occasionally vandalized buildings . childhood . Shara is now " ran with a crowd " that smoked pot , shoplifted , and During her youth , Shara's behavior could best be described as

adolescent - limited delinquency .

According to the text , the most controversial form of advertising in relation to adolescents has been

advertising cigarette

Wayland is studious and works very hard on his course work . Based on research , it is likely that his friends

also work hard at school .

Similar to successful parenting styles , studies have shown that successful teaching includes all but which of the following ?

an authoritarian classroom , encouraging student competition

According to the text , there are five characteristics that distinguish emerging adulthood from other age periods . Which characteristic does NOT describe emerging adulthood ?

an increased sense of stability

According to attachment theory , what shapes expectation and interactions in relationships with others throughout a child's life

an internal working model

A review of over 70 different research studies found that there was a considerably higher risk of suicidal thoughts and aggressive behavior among children and adolescents who were being treated with ____________ medication

antidepressant

It is 1967 , and Reggie is a teenager who likes listening to the music of Jimi Hendrix . Reggie says , " Jimi is totally groovy , man . " Reggie's phrase is an example of

argot

It is Chantel's first day at a new high school . At lunch , a girl from her class asks her Where are you from ? What's your background ? " Chantel replies , " My parents are originally from Korea , but I really think of myself as just Canadian . " Chantel's statement best illustrates

assimilation

Passive and conforming adolescents are mostly likely being raised by what type of parents ?

authoritarian

Michelle and Andres are parents who describe themselves as " middle class . " Michelle is a nurse and Andres is an accountant . Michelle and Andres are busy with their jobs , but always make time to talk with their children about how they are doing in school , their friends , and t reasons for their household rules . According to the text , both Michelle and Andres are most likely to be

authoritative parents

Fifteen - year - old Donny can read his math textbooks quickly . His little sister , Marie , also reads her math books , but it takes her longer and she stumbles over some words . Donny is demonstrating greater

automaticity

It is difficult to make a clear link between viewing violent television and aggressive behavior in adolescents because most of the research is

correlational.o

Olga is almost 10 years old . Over the past months , she has noticed the appearance of downy pubic hair , followed by the appearance of breast buds , and recently she has begun to grow taller and heavier . This order of pubertal events is found to

be typical for an adolescent female

A key change which may cause disequilibrium in a family as a child enters adolescence is the

beginning of puberty and sexual maturity

Carmela encourages her daughter to " express " her feelings , while she advises her son to forget about " his hurt feelings over an argument with his friend . Most likely , Carmela's behaviors result from

beliefs arising from her own gender socialization

The fact that changes in appearance reflect biological changes , individual identity , and social attitudes toward aging is an example of the

biopsychosocial model

Which of the following is NOT associated with primary sex characteristics ? Development of the

breasts

Some delinquency prevention interventions have been found to increase delinquency because they

bring high - risk adolescents together to form a clique

Lewis suffers from an eating disorder in which he regularly engages in episodes of binge eating and then attempts the purge the food that he ate . Lewis would be best diagnosed with

bulimia

When Nand feels angry , he goes home and listens to heavy metal music . According to research on coping , if Nand is typical of adolescent heavy metal fans , which of the following may we predict is the most likely effect ? After listening to the music for a while , Nand

calms down

Which type of therapy has been found to be the most effective in the treatment of suicidal adolescents when it is combined with antidepressant medication ?

cognitive behavioral therapy

Which of the following is NOT specified as one of five common uses of media by adolescents ?

cognitive development

It is reasonable to conclude that as automaticity decreases , what increases ?

cognitive effort

undergoing age - related changes The fact that people feel they are the same is the basis of which principle of adult over time despite the fact that they are constantly development and aging ?

continuity

Imagine you are a prominent scholar in the field of parenting . You are most likely to describe parenting in terms of what two dimensions

demandingness and responsiveness

Which of the vulnerability ? following terms refers specifically to a preexisting , biologically - based vulnerability?

diathesis

The research finding that 90 percent of infants observed at an American shopping mall were wearing gender - specific clothing provides support for

differential gender socialization

More and more , the primary manner in which adolescents interact with media is through the use of

digital devices

What do adolesents influence their friends most to do?

discouraging risk behaviors

Which of the following statements most accurately represents the relationship between pubertal timing and a group's technologies ? In general , puberty begins

earlier in countries where better nutrition and medical care are more widely available

Shelly is a young adult who suffers from anxiety , drinks alcohol , and is sexually active Which of the following is most likely to describe Shelly in terms of her pubertal timing ?

early maturing

You are a secondary school teacher developing a health promotion program . According to information you gathered from reading this text , your program should

emphasize prevention by promoting strategies for reducing risk behaviors

According to the text , which of the following illustrates gender socialization ?

emphasizing to children that a kindergarten teacher should be female while a gym teacher should be male

According to Sternberg , in cultures where marriages are arranged by parents rather than chosen by the young people themselves , the marital relationship tends to start as what type of love ?

empty

Authoritative parents promote autonomy through

encouraging discussion and give - and - take .

Halee is a young girl just entering college . According to research , what program Halee LEAST likely to HESENETI enter

engineering

Garth is an 11 - year - old boy . If Garth lives in a developed country , his parents are most likely

entering midlife

Changes with age in the layer of the skin are associated with age - related alterations in collagen , a protein also found in connective tissue throughout the body .

epidermis dermis

Ryan applied for a scholarship and did not get it . His friend Mike consoled him by saying . " You're the smartest person I know . You don't need a scholarship to tell you that ! "Mike is offering Ryan _________ support

esteem

Freddie is a 15 - year old boy who has a secure attachment to both his mother and father In terms of his friendships at school , Freddie is more likely than others to

express his feelings and develop close relationships

Brenda knows that her grandmother suffered from alcoholism and ultimately drank herself into an early grave . Brenda dreads the idea of turning to alcohol herself , and promises her mother that she'll never take a drink . The idea of becoming someone with an alcohol problem represents Brenda's_________ self .

feared

Adolescence is generally viewed as beginning with the

first signs of pubertal changes .

According to research , in emerging adulthood , the importance of _________ tend to decline as romantic relationships _________

friendships ; develop

Suppose you were a participant in a study on the original information processing theory of cognition . Your thought processes would be understood by comparing them to the

functions of a computer

According to your text , masculine and feminine stereotypes are one aspect of

gender schemas

Abric and Farah are best friends . Abric has a part - time job at a clothing store and helped Farah by letting her use her staff discount card to buy a prom dress . In turn , Farah promised Abric that she would help her study for her biology exam . They are offering each other

instrumental support

Marina is a 15 - year - old girl who has a profile on WhatsApp and Snapchat . Marina mainly uses these sites to

keep in touch with friends

Research shows that foods high in what can help minimize bone loss in later adulthood

magnesium

Adolescent sexuality tends to begin with

masturbation

Carl works for a delivery company . He works most weekdays after school and long shifts on the weekends . During most pay periods , he has banked over 25 hours a week . From this we can conclude that Carl

may be more anxious than his classmates

Gil feels anxious and depressed a lot . He is nervous leaving his house in the morning and dreads the thought of having to speak in front of others at school Sometimes he smokes marijuana to relax and drinks when he feels nervous around people . Which of the following purposes best describes Gil's substance use ?

medicinal

The graying of the hair associated with aging is a result of changes in which pigment ?

melanin

Amenorrhea -- a symptom often accompanying anorexia -- is the term for loss of

menstruation

Lorraine is a 14 - year - old girl who knows when she is studying she needs to monitor her comprehension Lorraine is employing __________ skills

metacognitive

New requirements for children to attend secondary school were crucial in establishing the characteristics of

modern adolescence .

Dylan plans to get his commercial pilot's license and be a pilot at the company where both his father and grandfather work . He's never given it a second thought . Dylan's brother Aidan constantly warns him , " Take some time , man , don't rush into it ; do what's right for you . " Dylan always replies , " If being a pilot is good enough for Dad and Grandpa , it's good enough for me . Besides , they would be very disappointed if I backed out . " Which of the following identity statuses best describes Dylan ?

moratorium

Thinking during adolescence becomes __________ abstract and __________ complex , and these changes affect how they understand social relationships and solve problems .

more , more

One successful approach to delinquency prevention is the approach

multisystemie

Huxley is shy . Most of his classmates neither like nor dislike him Which of the following is most likely the case ? Huxley is a ( n ) _____________ adolescent

neglected

The effect of aging on the excretory system reflects , in part , changes in which type of cell ?

nephron

According to the ________ model of aging , the nervous system of older adults is . subject to inevitable declines

neuronal fallout

with both their parents , Izmit can't wait to be old enough to Izmit and Emer are two adolescent boys living move away from home . He feels like feel the same way his brother does . Emer feels his every time he asks for something his mom parents are loving and allow him sufficient autonomy says no . Emer doesn't According to the text , Izmit and Emer are

normal ; adolescents can experience very different feelings in the same home

Exposure to mass shootings in the U.S. , even if not personally experienced , reflect which type of influence on development ?

normative history - graded

A term in gerontology used to refer to people who are in the age group of 85 and older is :

oldest old

The imaginary audience phenomenon is based on the lack of distinction between adolescents ' thoughts about themselves and

others ' thoughts about them .

Gender differences may be exaggerated because

our gender schemas alert us to information that confirms our expectations

Bob and his friends have developed a new game . After school , they all climb aboard a freight train , and when it crosses the river , they dive off the top of the box cars into the water . This dangerous behavior is best explained by the

personal fable

There are three different components to bullying . Which of the following is NOT one of them ?

proximity

Juan is a high school senior . He's and volunteers at his stepsister's considering either teaching or nursing . He has a not sure what he wants to study in college , but he is part - time job as a clerk in a medical clinic preschool . We could say that Juan is experiencing

psychosocial moratorium

What causes the hypothalamus to increase GnRH production ?

reaching a threshold level of body fat

According Susanna is an emerging adult who has to think about what career she wants to pursue . She is also acutely aware of the possibility that she may have to leave her work to raise a family and be a mother . if Susanna is typical of most girls her age she

realizes that motherhood may affect her career choices

Highly developed , stable , countries that have nearly equal birth and death rates have an age sex structure that would resemble which shape ?

rectangle

Within cliques , the use of sarcasm and ridicule may

reinforce group conformity

The disorder known as tinnitus involves which symptom that can affect older adults ?

ringing in the ears

According to research , who do tenth graders indicate is their primary source of emotional support ?

same - gender friends

Generally , during early adolescence , most of a person's social life takes place in

same - sex cliques

A 79 - year - old woman's exercise routine includes resistance training three times a week for an hour alternating with one - hour workouts on an elliptical machine . As a result , she will experience less of which particular age - related change in physical functioning ?

sarcopenia

The principle that most people tend to choose friends who are similar to themselves is called

selective association

While Lynn is trying to read a book , her daughter Jennifer is listening to loud music in the same room . In order for Lynn to concentrate on her book , she needs to employ

selective attention

An informal vocabulary and grammar that differs from that of a given culture's native language is called

slang .

The first production of sperm in boys is called

spermarche

Because the __________ are the individuals we study in later life , researchers caution that the findings may not be true for everyone born in a given period of time

survivors

According to the 2012 study by Common Sense Media , around 45 % of adolescents polled reported that they get frustrated with friends for doing what ?

texting or social networking when they are out together

According to the text , one implication that follows from increasing technology in manufacturing is

the decline of high - paying low skilled manufacturing jobs

Although imperfect , chronological age can be used to represent :

the expectations and privileges within a culture .

Which development in recent years has made pornographic material much easier to obtain ?

the invention of the Internet

According to the text , optimistic bias is defined as

the tendency to assume that accidents , diseases , and other misfortunes are more likely to happen to others than ourselves

Young people with externalizing problems are sometimes referred to as

undercontrolled

Nineteen year old William believes that he became an adult when he got job moved out of his parents house and became responsible for paying his way and making his own life decisions. His idea of adulthood is best described as

values of individualism

According to research , many of adolescents ' favorite computer games involve

violence

Bryan moved from New York to Los Angeles during the 9th grade . Bryan is an avid fan of rap music and was happy to discover many of the boys his age in his new neighborhood listen to the same music as his friends back on the East Coast . Which of the following uses of media is best represented in this scenario ?

youth subculture identification