395 Ch. 2

In what type of organizational structure do project managers have the most authority? a. Functional b. Project c. Matrix d. Circular

b

Projects must operate in a broad organizational environment, and project managers need to consider projects within the greater organizational context. Which approach describes the holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the organization? a. Linear analysis b. Systems thinking c. Reductionism d. The silo approach

b

In a _____ organizational structure, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers. a. project b. symbolic c. matrix d. functional

c

In which product life cycle the scope, schedule, and cost are determined early, and changes to scope are carefully managed? a. Iterative b. Incremental c. Predictive d. Adaptive

c

Which of the following best describes a kill point in the project life cycle? a. The period of time given to managers during the feasibility phases to decide on the cost, quality, and time constraints for the project b. A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated c. The point of time in the project lifecycle after which it is impossible to terminate a running project d. The final submission of the project deliverables after which the project is terminated

b

Which characteristic is true of virtual teams? a. It is easier for a virtual team to build relationships and trust. b. Negative incentives do not impact virtual team members. c. It is important to select team members carefully. d. As they never meet, virtual teams do not have conflicts.

c

Which characteristic of organizational culture refers to the degree to which departments within an organization are encouraged to coordinate with each other? a. Member identity b. People focus c. Group emphasis d. Unit integration

d

Which is a disadvantage for virtual teams compared to traditional teams? a. Increased costs for office space and support b. Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information c. Limited flexibility in team working hours d. Reduced dependence on technology and processes for accomplishing work

b

In which development life cycle do stakeholders define and approve the detailed scope before the start on an iteration? a. Adaptive b. Hybrid c. Incremental d. Iterative

a

Which characteristic of organizational culture refers to the degree to which employees identify with the organization as a whole, rather than with their types of job or profession? a. Member identity b. People focus c. Group emphasis d. Unit integration

a

Which of the following is true of the project life cycle? a. In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest. b. In the later phases of the project life cycle, the level of uncertainty is usually the highest. c. It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during the earlier phases than the latter phases. d. More resources are usually needed during the initial phases of a project than during the middle or final phases.

a

Grey's Infotech sells customized hardware and software solutions for businesses. The salespeople for Grey's have a strict dress code when meeting clients. They are required to wear dark business suits, in order to convey the company's dedication to quality. The meaning conveyed to the clients' through the salespeople's clothing is part of the _____ frame of the organization. a. political b. symbolic c. structural d. human resources

b

The _____ frame of an organization focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people. a. structural b. human resources c. political d. symbolic

b

Which approach to product development is currently used by many organizations so a predictive set of steps is used as an overall means to coordinate more detailed steps that are adaptively managed? a. Adaptive b. Hybrid c. Predictive d. Incremental

b

Which characteristic of organizational culture refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment? a. Means-ends orientation b. Open-systems focus c. Conflict tolerance d. Risk tolerance

b

Which systems development life cycle model assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined? a. Spiral life cycle b. Waterfall life cycle c. Prototyping life cycle d. RAD life cycle

b

In organizational culture, what does people focus refer to? a. The degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment b. The degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior c. The degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization d. The degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking

c

_____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization. a. Chain of command b. Line of control c. Organizational culture d. Organizational structure

c

Which term refers to a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project? a. Deliverable b. Input c. System d. Resource

a

In organizational culture, what does control refer to? a. The degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment b. The degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior c. The degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results d. The degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking

b

In which systems development life cycle do model developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously? a. RAD life cycle b. Prototyping life cycle c. Spiral life cycle d. Waterfall life cycle

b

Which statement best describes outsourcing? a. An organization selling its products in a market outside its domestic market b. An organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source c. An organization setting up manufacturing and retailing facilities in a new country d. An organization's use of virtual teams with employees located in different countries

b

In organizational culture, what does means-end orientation refer to? a. The degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment b. The degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior c. The degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results d. The degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking

c

The _____ model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype, using tools such as computer-aided software engineering, joint requirements planning, and joint application design to facilitate rapid prototyping and code generation. a. prototyping life cycle b. waterfall life cycle c. RAD life cycle d. spiral life cycle

c

Which characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization? a. Member identity b. Group emphasis c. People focus d. Unit integration

c

In what type of organizational structure do project managers have the least amount of authority? a. Functional b. Project c. Matrix d. Circular

a

Select an example of external stakeholders for an organization. a. Top managers b. Functional managers c. Employees d. Competitors

d

Which of the following is true of a matrix organizational structure? a. In a matrix organizational structure, employees are organized into departments according to their skills, and there is little interaction between employees from different departments. b. Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from only a single functional area working on their projects. c. In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority. d. A matrix organizational structure is hierarchical, but instead of functional managers reporting to the CEO, program managers report to the CEO.

c

The symbolic perspective of an organization: a. focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities to meet the goals and policies set by top management. b. views the organization as coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups. c. focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people. d. focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization.

d

Which problem-solving approach requires defining the scope of a system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs? a. Linear programming b. Independent component analysis c. Principal component analysis d. Systems analysis

d

In a _____organizational structure, program managers, rather than functional managers or vice presidents, report to the CEO. Their staffs have a variety of skills needed to complete all required tasks within their programs. a. project b. symbolic c. matrix d. functional

a

Which observation is true of the agile approach to software development? a. In the agile method, requirements, and solutions evolve through collaboration. b. An agile approach sets scope goals but leaves time and cost goals flexible. c. Agile is a predictive model of software development. d. In the agile approach, requirements must be clearly expressed early in the life cycle.

a

Which perspective of an organization focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management? a. Structural frame b. Human resources frame c. Political frame d. Symbolic frame

a

Which perspective on organizations assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups? a. Political frame b. Symbolic frame c. Structural frame d. Human resources frame

a

In Rizzati Corp, vice presidents in departments such as engineering, manufacturing, IT, and human resources report directly to the chief executive officer and undertake their tasks independently of each other. The staffs of these departments have specialized skills in their respective disciplines. Which type of organizational structure does Rizatti Corp have? a. Project b. Symbolic c. Matrix d. Functional

d