401 slide questions 14-end

1. Is the following statement true or false? The CDC reports indicate that more than one‐fourth of new HIV cases were heterosexually acquired.

a. False Rationale: The CDC reports indicate that more than one‐third of new HIV cases were heterosexually acquired.

1. Is the following statement true or false? An infectious disease is not contagious or communicable.

a. False Rationale: An infectious disease may or may not be contagious or communicable.

1. Is the following statement true or false? Ethical principles that guide nursing practice in general do not apply to nursing in faith communities.

a. False Rationale: All the ethical principles that guide nursing practice in general apply to nursing in faith communities.

1. Which is tertiary prevention Wearing a mask inside a concert hall Hand washing before and after contact with a Covid positive patient Joining a support group that allows members to share strategies for managing generalized weakness.

Joining a support group that allows members to share strategies for managing generalized weakness

1. You notice a patient with Schizophrenia who is on Haloperidol and habitually twists her tongue and arms. What side effect should the community health nurse report to the Provider?

Tardive dyskinesia

1. The client is diagnosed with Lyme disease. He states that he is not a hiker and does not remember being bitten by a tick. Which is the best response from the nurse? "You must have been bitten by a tick and didn't recognize it as such." "Did you spend time in a brushy or grassy area in the last 90 days?" "Conduct a full-body tick check once a week during the summer." "A history of a tick bite is not required."

a. "a history of a tick bite is not required" Rationale: A history of tick bite is not required. A county in which the disease is endemic is one in which at least two confirmed cases have been previously acquired or in which established populations of a known tick vector are infected with Borrelia burgdorferi.

1. The nurse is planning several primary prevention activities for the local community. Which activities would the nurse prioritize to meet this goal? (Select all that apply.) A program helping military veterans with amputations adapt to their new circumstances HIV screening open to the whole faith community A weight-lifting program for seniors to maintain strong bones A community vegetable garden to promote healthy eating Leg exercises to help people recovering from hip fractures to walk again

a. A weightlifting program for seniors to maintain strong bones, a community vegetable garden to promote healthy eating Rationale: Primary prevention activities include programs on exercising to maintain health, smoking cessation programs, and heart-healthy eating programs. Secondary prevention includes screening for hypertension and setting up screenings such as mammogram vans or other tests to diagnose problems early. Tertiary prevention involves minimizing the effect of health problems and maximizing function for people with such conditions such as diabetes, stroke, or injury.

1. The nurse works with a female client who recently developed an infection of Staphylococcus aureus while in the hospital. The nurse would determine that S. aureus is which component in the chain of infection? Host Environmental reservoir Agent Portal

a. Agent Rationale: The Agent, or the microbe that causes the disease, is the "what" of the epidemiologic triangle. The host, or the organism that is harboring the infectious agent, is the "who" of the triangle. The environment, which includes those external factors that cause or allow disease transmission, is the "where" of the triangle. Other necessary elements include a portal of exit from the host, environmental reservoirs, transmission, and a portal of entry to a new host.

1. Which Mental illness is most likely to go untreated?

a. Alcoholism

1. What is bioavailability? Study of the adverse effects of chemical, physical, or biologic agents on people, animals, and the environment An estimate that determines a person's level of exposure to a contaminant Amount of a contaminant that actually ends up in the systemic circulation Process of using medical tests such as blood or urine collection to determine if a person has been exposed to a contaminant and how much exposure he or she has received

a. Amount of a contaminant that actually ends up in the systemic circulation Rationale: Bioavailability is the amount of a contaminant that actually ends up in the systemic circulation. Toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of chemical, physical, or biologic agents on people, animals, and the environment. An exposure estimate determines a person's level of exposure to a contaminant. Biomonitoring is the process of using medical tests such as blood or urine collection to determine if a person has been exposed to a contaminant and how much exposure he or she has received.

1. The nurse cares for many clients who have serious illnesses. Which client is the best candidate for hospice care? Brain cancer who is expected to live 3 months and who is not pursuing aggressive treatment Congestive heart failure who is expected to live 9 months and who is not pursuing aggressive treatment Lung cancer who is expected to live 1 month and who is pursuing radiation therapy Stroke who is expected to live only a few more hours unless emergency brain surgery can remove a clot

a. Brain cancer who is expected to live 3 months and who is not pursuing aggressive treatment Rationale: In the early 1980s, Congress added a hospice benefit to the Medicare program that was designed to support dying clients with an expected prognosis of less than 6 months to live if the disease ran its usual course. When two healthcare providers determine that a seriously ill client has 6 months or less to live, and the dying person and family agree to provide care and comfort as opposed to aggressive medical intervention, loved ones often seek hospice.

1. A client presents with severe diarrhea. The client tells the nurse that she went to a chicken roast at church the previous weekend. The nurse suspects a foodborne illness. Which cause of bacterial foodborne illness should the nurse most suspect in this case? Campylobacter Listeria monocytogenes Salmonella Escherichia coli O157:H7

a. Campylobacter Rationale: Campylobacter infection, consumption of contaminated poultry is the most common source, although undercooked meats, ground beef, pork, cheese, eggs, shellfish, unpasteurized milk, and direct exposure to pets and farm animals

1. Which of these are communicable Chicken Pox Norovirus Tetanus

a. Chicken Pox (Varicella Zoster)- Airborne or direct contact with blisters - Yes Norovirus- Fecal-oral route - Yes Tetanus- Non communicable from person to person from soil, contaminated objects, enters through puncture wounds - No

1. What is a common psychoactive stimulant used daily by many New Yorkers?

a. Coffee

1. The occupational nurse is concerned some hazards may be present at a local playground. Which best exemplifies biologic hazards? (Select all that apply.) Contaminated body fluids Poisonous plants Diesel exhaust Venomous snakes Aerosols

a. Contaminated body fluids, poisonous plants, venomous snakes Rationale: Contaminated body fluids, poisonous plants, and venomous snakes are examples of biologic hazards. Diesel exhaust and aerosols are examples of chemical exposure.

1. Is the following statement true or false? All response begins at the state level, where the disaster management plan is implemented and responders are deployed.

a. False Rationale: All response begins at the local level, where the disaster management plan is implemented and responders are deployed.

1. A nurse is part of the disaster recovery team after a major community flood. Epidemiologic analysis of this town includes factors that influence the health status of this community. Which data may be included in the epidemiologic analysis report? (Select all that apply.) Continuing death Population shift Contamination of water supplies Limited access to places of worship Collapse of access to healthcare

a. Continuing death, population shift, limited access to places of worship, collapse of access to healthcare Rationale: An epidemiologic analysis of adverse health effects after any kind of disaster identifies factors that influence the health status of the community on a long-term basis. Some of these factors include continuing death, chronic illness, and/or disability; population shift if recovery is prolonged; contamination of food and water supplies, with an increased risk of infectious diseases; and collapse of local and regional healthcare access. Limited access to places of worship would not be included in the report, as it does not directly affect the health status of the community.

1. The faith community nurse works in a hospital that serves several local congregations. Which tasks would the nurse most likely perform in this role? (Select all that apply.) Administer flu shots Coordinate the discharge and transition of congregation members from the hospital to home Recommend services that the hospital provides Serve as a health advisor to members of the congregation Assess congregation members for possible upper respiratory illnesses

a. Coordinate discharge and transition, recommend services that the hospital provides, serve as a health advisor to members of the congregation Rationale: In a paid institution-based model, the faith community nurse can serve as an ambassador and referral agent for the institution. For example, a religiously affiliated hospital can support the services of faith community nurses in key feeder congregations so that clients discharged from the hospital have coordinated transition to the home congregation setting. The faith community nurse does not provide direct nursing care services (such as flu shots or assessment of upper respiratory illnesses), but supports the client and family members in assuming self-care and in engaging the healthcare system appropriately. The faith community nurse serves as a health advisor, and he or she can recommend services that the hospital or health system provides.

1. The student nurse is creating a poster for a class project which will illustrate the chain of infection. Which item should the student nurse point out as a vehicle in this chain? Animals Insects Reptiles Water

a. D-Water Rationale: Indirect contact involves contact of a susceptible host with a contaminated intermediate inanimate object, called a vehicle, such as a contaminated surgical instrument, needle, toy, soiled clothing, or bed linen. Vehicles also include food, water, and contaminated hands that are not washed. Indirect contact also includes vector transmission. Vectors are animal or insect carriers of infectious agents.

1. Which of the following are included in the notion of social injustice? Belief of those in power that others are inferior Denial of human rights to certain populations Disparities in access to services, such as healthcare All of the above

a. D. All of the above Rationale: Social injustice involves the denial of economic, sociocultural, political, civil, or human rights of certain populations or groups based on the belief of those with power that others are inferior. In healthcare, it manifests as disparity in access.

1. The community health clinic is noting a rise in the number of individuals with H1N1 virus and is concerned that an epidemic is occurring. Which agency would be most appropriate to become involved with this situation? Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention World Health Organization Department of Defense

a. Department of defense Rationale: The Department of Defense (DoD) has an electronic surveillance system for the early notification of community-based epidemics (ESSENCE), which has been in operation since 2001 to detect infectious disease outbreaks

1. The nurse assesses clients during a community disaster in a systematic fashion, concentrating on their ability to breathe. Which action should the nurse prioritize before conducting the physical assessments? Don PPE Interview the client Report to the hot zone Request a HAZMAT expert to witness the client assessment

a. Don PPE Rationale: Donning PPE must be the first priority. Then assessment of the victim's ability to breathe is also necessary.

1. The occupational health nurse is a member of the emergency planning committee in the workplace. The nurse is helping to formulate an emergency plan for the facility. Which goals should the nurse ensure are met while developing the plan? (Select all that apply.) Establish clear reporting instructions for employees Provide instructions on safe lifting techniques Identify hazardous substances that workers are exposed to in their daily work Name key personnel who will assume necessary tasks Establish emergency escape routes

a. Establish clear reporting instructions for employees, name key personnel who will assume necessary tasks, establish emergency escape routes Rationale: The goals of an emergency plan are to anticipate emergencies and to establish clear reporting instructions for employees. The plan names key personnel who will assume necessary tasks. It establishes emergency escape routes and procedures to identify workers and visitors with and without disabilities. The plan ensures that predesignated areas have been arranged and employees have participated in actual drills. An emergency plan would not include providing instructions on safe lifting techniques or identifying hazardous substances, as these are normal work concerns, not emergencies.

1. Is the following statement true or false? It must be remembered that a dying patient will go through denial, anger, bargaining, and acceptance stages of dying.

a. False Rationale: A dying person may not exhibit all of these stages, or may move quickly through a stage, only to return to it at a later time.

1. Is the following statement true or false? With no use of illicit substances or alcohol in the preceding 9 months, a person is considered "abstinent."

a. False Rationale: A person is considered "abstinent" with no use of illicit substances or alcohol in the preceding 12 months.

1. Is the following statement true or false? Addiction is a term, along with habituation, which the WHO recommends be substituted with substance use.

a. False Rationale: Addiction is a term, along with habituation, which the WHO recommends be substituted with substance dependence. However, clients and practitioners commonly use addiction.

1. Is the following statement true or false? Rationale: Adherence to psychopharmacology and psychotherapy does not enhance recovery from mental illness.

a. False Rationale: Adherence to psychopharmacology and psychotherapy enhances recovery from mental illness.

1. Is the following statement true or false? Accessibility is insufficient number and diversity of formal services and providers, or lack of acceptable services and human service infrastructure to elders in rural areas.

a. False Rationale: Availability—insufficient number and diversity of formal services and providers; lack of acceptable services and human service infrastructure. Accessibility—shortages of adequate, appropriate, and affordable transportation; cultural and geographic isolation.

1. Is the following statement true or false? Certain zoonotic diseases can be transmitted to humans through contact with zoo animals.

a. False Rationale: Certain zoonotic diseases can be transmitted to humans through contact with animals and birds.

1. Is the following statement true or false? Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment (EPSDT)—program mandated by a state law passed in 1969, which required that children and adolescents younger than 21 years of age have access to the periodic screenings in several states

a. False Rationale: Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment (EPSDT)—program mandated by a federal law passed in 1969, which required that children and adolescents younger than 21 years of age have access to the periodic screenings.

1. Is the following statement true or false? Disasters are considered events that require a swift, intense response on the part of existing community resources.

a. False Rationale: Emergencies are considered events that require a swift, intense response on the part of existing community resources. Disasters are often unforeseen, serious, and unique events that disrupt essential community services and cause human morbidity and mortality that cannot be alleviated unless assistance is received from others outside the community.

1. Is the following statement true or false? Epidemic is the constant or usual prevalence of a specific disease or infectious agent within a population or geographic area.

a. False Rationale: Endemic—the constant or usual prevalence of a specific disease or infectious agent within a population or geographic area. Epidemic—significant increase in the number of new cases of a disease than past experience would have predicted for that place, time, or population; an increase in incidence beyond that which is expected.

1. Is the following statement true or false? Environmental health is the branch of public health science that focuses on how the environment influences chronic disease.

a. False Rationale: Environmental health is the branch of public health science that focuses on how the environment influences human health, not chronic disease.

1. Is the following statement true or false? Environmental justice is the belief that no group of people should bear a disproportionate share of negative environmental health consequences regardless of race alone

a. False Rationale: Environmental justice is the belief that no group of people should bear a disproportionate share of negative environmental health consequences regardless of race, culture, or income.

1. Is the following statement true or false? Epidemics and pandemics can place long‐term demands on healthcare systems.

a. False Rationale: Epidemics and pandemics can place sudden and intense demands on healthcare systems.

1. Is the following statement true or false? Evacuation, where people in a hospital or residential facility may be moved to another floor or area within the facility, may occur.

a. False Rationale: Evacuation occurs when there is potential for massive explosions and fire as well as for long‐duration events. Invacuation occurs when people in a hospital or residential facility are moved to another floor or area within the facility.

1. Is the following sentence true or false? Parish nurses established the first hospitals.

a. False Rationale: In ancient times, families and religious communities served as a primary source of health and illness care. Religious groups and monasteries established the first hospitals.

1. Is the following statement true or false? Congregation‐based model is one in which the faith community nurse serves a health system with assignment to particular congregational settings. In this model, the parish or faith‐based nurse serves as liaison and helps plan and coordinate care, particularly at times of transition.

a. False Rationale: Institution‐based model is one in which the faith community nurse serves a health system with assignment to particular congregational settings. In this model, the parish or faith‐based nurse serves as liaison and helps plan and coordinate care, particularly at times of transition. Congregation‐based model is one in which a faith‐based nurse serves a particular faith community by virtue of a contract or job description; it supports the concept of faith‐based nurse who can be paid or serve as a volunteer.

1. Is the following statement true or false? National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is the federal agency that sets exposure standards and is responsible for enforcement of safety and health legislation.

a. False Rationale: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)—the federal agency that sets exposure standards and is responsible for enforcement of safety and health legislation. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)—the federal agency established to help ensure safe and healthy working conditions by conducting scientific research, gathering information, and providing education and training in occupational safety and health.

1. Is the following statement true or false? Public health initiatives to educate communities about mental health can be effective in lowering the incidence of high‐risk behaviors such as alcoholism.

a. False Rationale: Public health initiatives to educate communities about mental health can be effective in lowering the incidence of high‐risk behaviors such as suicide.

1. Is the following statement true or false? Screening for substance use is the second step in assessing if a person has substance use disorder.

a. False Rationale: Screening for substance use is the first step in assessing if a person has substance use disorder. The efficacy of screening instruments is highly dependent on the candor of client responses.

1. Is the following statement true or false? Studies have documented that the American healthcare system has the best care in the world of seriously ill clients and their families.

a. False Rationale: Studies have documented that the American healthcare system has substantial shortcomings in the care of seriously ill clients and their families.

1. Is the following statement true or false? Studies of disadvantaged adolescents in impoverished areas or homeless youth have found that youth follow a stepwise progression of substance use.

a. False Rationale: There is debate in the literature about the "gateway effect" theory of substance abuse, which proposes that substance abuse is progressive and begins with tobacco, then moves sequentially to alcohol or cannabis, and ultimately to other illicit substances. Studies of disadvantaged adolescents in impoverished areas or homeless youth have not found that these youth follow such a stepwise progression of substance use.

1. Is the following statement true or false? Violence against women is a form of gender‐based violence that can result in physical harm only.

a. False Violence against women is a form of gender‐based violence that can result in physical, sexual, or psychological harm for both the direct victims and also their dependents (children).

1. The public health nurse is aware the weather predictions are including a massive rain storm related to a recent hurricane along the Mexican coast. The nurse is concerned that many of the inhabitants of the community, especially the newer ones, are ill-prepared for the possible damage which can occur. Which factor should the nurse expect to most hinder the efforts to help the community to prepare and provide assistance as needed after the storm? Community does not like the designated shelters Lack of family support system to assist with evacuation Nonbelief in the seriousness of the weather prediction Fear of deportation by recent immigrants

a. Fear of deportation by recent immigrants b. Rationale: Social and economic inequality plays a large part in all areas of life; however, special attention to minority and disadvantaged neighborhoods must be given when planning for disasters. Public health nurses recognize that many immigrant populations are not only unfamiliar with existing community resources but are reluctant to disclose their immigration status for fear of deportation.

1. The nurse visits the home of client in a low-income community and notices that paint is flaking off the walls and forming a dust in the corners of some rooms. The nurse asks the client when the house was built, and she responds that it was built in 1959. Which contaminant should the nurse expect to find in this home? Lead Radon Asbestos Pesticide

a. Lead

1. A rural hospital as compared to a larger urban hospital may have some differences in the care being provided to the clients. Which most accurately characterizes the difference a Medicare client with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who was treated in rural hospital compared with an urban hospital? (Select all that apply.) Less likely to experience an opportunistic infection than those in urban hospitals Less likely to receive recommended treatments than those in urban hospitals More likely to have a second AMI within a month of the first than those in urban hospitals Have significantly higher adjusted 30-day post-AMI death rates from all causes than those in urban hospitals Experience faster recovery times than those in urban hospitals

a. Less likely to receive recommended treatments than those in urban hospitals, have significantly higher adjusted 30-day post-AMI death rates from all causes than those in urban hospitals Rationale: Medicare clients with AMI who were treated in rural hospitals were less likely than those treated in urban hospitals to receive recommended treatments and had significantly higher adjusted 30-day post-AMI death rates from all causes than those in urban hospitals

1. Which medication can be given to a client with respiratory depression associated with a heroin overdose? Naltrexone Acamprosate Disulfiram Naloxone

a. Naloxone Rationale: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that blocks the opioid receptors and temporarily reverses respiratory depression associated with opioid overdose. Naltrexone and acamprosate have pharmacologic properties that diminish craving for alcohol, whereas disulfiram induces aversive effects if alcohol is consumed.

1. You're assessing a 23 year old male who presents with complaints of difficulty swallowing and flu like symptoms. After checking his vital signs you notice his submandibular glands are swollen. The patient denied being sexually active. You ask him to open his mouth to check his throat and notice:

a. Oral gonorrhea

1. Which mental disorder, may be associated with a substance use disorder? (Select all that apply.) Obsessive compulsive disorder Anxiety disorder Major depression Bipolar disorder Posttraumatic stress disorder

a. PTSD, anxiety, depression (she said anxiety, depression and bipolar) Rationale: In the United States, substance use is highly correlated with a range of mental disorders and serious psychological distress to include early onset of anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and major depression. Three times as many youth 12 to 17 years of age who were diagnosed with major depression in the past year met criteria for substance use disorder (18.2%), as compared with youth who did not have a history of mental illness (5.8%).

1. Preventing intimate partner violence (IPV) and recurrence of violence requires targeting efforts at all three levels of prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Which best represents a secondary prevention strategy? Creating and broadcasting a public service announcement that raises awareness about IPV Putting up posters around the health provider's office that give tips on what to do if one is in an abusive relationship Screening a client for evidence of abuse who has several risk factors for IPV Providing a client who is being abused by the spouse the number to an abuse hotline to get help leaving the spouse

a. Screening a client for evidence of abuse who has several risk factors for IPV Rationale: Primary prevention includes screening and prevention efforts that target the general population. Secondary prevention occurs through generalized screening and inquiry with high-risk populations. Tertiary prevention involves caring for victims affected by or currently experiencing violence.

1. The nurse is evaluating a young mother who believes she may be pregnant again. Which relationship factor discovered by the nurse should raise suspicions that this family is at risk for intimate partner violence? Emotional dependence and insecurity Belief in strict gender roles Desire for power and control Unhealthy family interactions

a. Unhealthy family interactions Rationale: Individual risk factors for intimate partner violence include emotional dependence and insecurity, belief in strict gender roles, and desire for power and control. Relationship risk factors include unhealthy family relationships and interactions.

1. You're working in a local clinic, in July, and a patient reports a rash on his arm and fever. What question would you want to ask first?

a. Zika virus starts to show from the first day of the mosquito bite and then spreads to other regions of the body.

1. The school nurse was informed by the public school administration, that there is a noticeable increase in students smoking. Which interventions are most appropriate for the nurse to implement to correct this issue? (Select all that apply.) Starting an after-school tobacco cessation program with the assistance of local representatives of the American Cancer Society Having a local clinical oncologist speak at a PTA meeting about the hazards of tobacco use among children Confronting groups of students while they are smoking with information regarding the school's smoking policy and the dangers of smoking Promoting the community's "great smoke-out" smoking cessation event each year Encouraging the school's administration to designate a single smoking area outside to limit nonsmokers' exposure to the smoke

a. Starting an after-school tobacco cessation program, having a local clinical oncologist speak at a PTA meeting, promoting the community's "great smoke-out" b. Rationale: the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child Model, as one possible solution to counter the minimal effect provided by using a single-focused approach to prevention based only on education. This model is a collaborative design that uses the resources of a community (including health educators, counseling, psychological services, nutrition, the environment, and the family) to provide structured preventive services such as after-school programs, parent outreach, and crisis intervention. These preventive services are designed to promote changes throughout the school environment.

1. A client presents with several ulcerative sores on his penis that are firm, round, and painless. He also has rough, reddish brown spots on his palms and the bottoms of his feet. He acknowledges that he is sexually active with multiple partners and is inconsistent in his use of a condom. Which sexually transmitted infection should the nurse most suspect in this client? Gonorrhea Chlamydia Syphilis Human papillomavirus

a. Syphilis

1. The school nurse is prepared to assist with health education as appropriate. The school nurse is likely to perform all of the following health education Except? Teaching faculty members how to assess their students for upper respiratory illnesses Teaching a student how and when to use her EpiPen Teaching a sixth grade class about the consequences of cyber bullying Counseling a student about tobacco use Teaching a group of students with eating disorders about a healthy view of food

a. Teaching faculty members how to assess their students for upper respiratory illness Rationale: The school nurse must seek to accomplish health teaching in encounters with students and families, in the classroom, in individual counseling sessions (e.g., teaching a child how and when to use his or her EpiPen), and in group meetings. It is recommended that the focus of health education be health promotion based on concerns addressed in the National Health Objectives of Healthy People 2020. These issues include use of drugs and alcohol, sexual behavior, tobacco use, nutrition, physical activity, and violence prevention. It would not be appropriate for the nurse to teach faculty members how to assess their students for upper respiratory illnesses, as this is the nurse's responsibility.

1. You are speaking to a local community with known high rates of Lung Cancer, COPD and Asthma directly related to tobacco use. A member of the group announces that they have recently quit cigarette smoking by replacing cigarettes with electronic cigarettes, "vaping". What is your best response on re: e-cigarettes and vaping?

a. The health effects of e-cigarettes in patients with pre-existing lung disease are unknown. Rationale: The presence of Vitamin E acetate, an additive in some vaping products and known to become very sticky when inhaled into the lung, was found in lung fluid samples from patients with lung illnesses linked to e-cigarette use.21 Further findings from recently published research suggest that chemical flavorings in e-cigarettes damage human lung cells.22 Such flavorings are often aldehydes, compounds known to be primary irritants, such as benzaldehyde and vanillin

1. Is the following statement true or false? A carrier is a person or animal who harbors an infectious organism and transmits the organism to others while having no symptoms of the disease

a. True Rationale: A carrier is a person or animal who harbors an infectious organism and transmits the organism to others while having no symptoms of the disease.

1. Is the following statement true or false? Factors that influence the emergence or reemergence of infectious diseases are multiple, complex, and interrelated.

a. True Rationale: Factors that influence the emergence or reemergence of infectious diseases are multiple, complex, and interrelated.

1. Is the following statement true or false? Genetic, biologic, and environmental risk factors all influence the incidence of mental illness.

a. True Rationale: Genetic, biologic, and environmental risk factors all influence the incidence of mental illness. Early intervention can minimize the morbidity associated with mental illness.

1. Is the following statement true or false? Short‐acting or immediate‐release agents are excellent prn medications, and their only use should be for control of breakthrough pain.

a. True Rationale: Short‐acting or immediate‐release agents are excellent prn medications, and their only use should be for control of breakthrough pain. Breakthrough pain is defined as "intermittent episodes of moderate to severe pain that occur in spite of control of baseline continuous pain."

1. Is the following statement true or false? The United States leads the world in rates of substance use.

a. True Rationale: The United States leads the world in rates of substance use. Patterns of substance dependence vary by age, gender, race, ethnicity, and geographic location.

1. Is the following statement true or false? The continuum of care for the chronically mentally ill includes community services, such as supportive housing and employment.

a. True Rationale: The continuum of care for the chronically mentally ill includes community services, such as supportive housing and employment.

1. Is the following statement true or false? Outbreaks of emerging and reemerging infections can disrupt economic activity and development.

a. True b. In addition to morbidity and mortality, outbreaks of emerging and reemerging infections can disrupt economic activity and development.

1. Is the following statement true or false? Femicide is a term used to refer to a homicide that occurs in the context of intimate partner violence.

a. True b. Rationale: Femicide is a term used to refer to a homicide that occurs in the context of intimate partner violence.

1. The national weather service warns of an impending ice storm that may have crippling effects on the community. Widespread electrical outages are predicted as well as freezing temperatures. The community health nurses are mobilized to establish emergency living quarters and clinics for those without heat. In which phase of this disaster are the nurses' actions occurring? Impact Postimpact Preimpact Preparedness

a. preimpact rationale: Disasters have a timeline, often referred to as a life cycle or phases. These include the preimpact phase (before), the impact phase (during), and the postimpact phase (after). Actions taken during these phases affect the illness, injury, and death that occur following the incident. Although disasters vary significantly, the response to each is similar. Preparedness is not a phase of the disaster itself but of the emergency management response to the disaster.