#5 - Hypertrophy, Atrophy & Hyperplasia (Pgs. 11-12)

The term used to describe an increase in muscle size is _____.

Muscle Hypertrophy

These gains provide the muscle with improved capacity for ______ as well as _____ from injury.

Work and Protection from injury

The opposite of muscle hypertrophy is muscle _________

Atrophy.

Research supports that the number of muscle fibers that an individual has is determined by or shortly follows birth, and remains _______ for life.

Fixed

Refers to the increased cross-sectional area of muscle fibers in response to increase demands placed on a muscle.

Hypertrophy

Accepting this premise, whole muscle hypertrophy could only result from the hypertrophy of the _______.

Individual muscle fiber.

Muscle Fiber Hyperplasia, also known as _________, refers to an increase in muscle size (hypertrophy) due to an increase in the number of muscle fibers.

Longitudinal Fiber Splitting

True or False: hyperplasia HAS been conclusively shown to occur in humans.

FALSE

Hypertrophy of the muscle fiber could be explained by one or any combination of the following (5 explainations):

1) more actin and myosin filaments 2) more sarcomplasm 3) more connective tissue 4) number mitochondria 5) storage of ATP and CP

Muscle hypertrophy is a function of the ________

Overload Principle.

When muscle experiences a progressively greater workload, it adapts with gains in _____ and, therefore, _______.

Size and Strength

True or False, hyerplasia, it is NOT believed to be a significant contributor to muscle hypertrophy for most humans, particularly when compared to the increases in size and number of existing myofibrils.

TRUE

True or False: Several animal studies have shown a possible increase in the number of muscle fibers or "splitting," in response to long-term, intense and heavy resistance training, muscle fiber

TRUE