5 Stages Policy Process
Public Policy
A purposive course of action followed by government in dealing with some problem or concern
Stage 3
Policy Adoption-who has authority
Stage 1
Policy Agenda-define problem
Constituent Policy
establishment of government structure with rules or procedures for the conduct of government (Homeland Security)
Regulatory Policy
imposes limitations, restraints, or mandates on persons, groups, businesses, reducing their discretion to act
Stage 5
Policy Evaluation-does it work?
Stage 2
Policy Formation-what should be done
Stage 4
Policy implementation-enforcement & execution
Re-distributive Policy
shifts resources such as money and power among broad groups of people , from the haves to the have-nots
Institutional Theory
stressing the importance of organizational arrangements & rules in shaping public policies
Self-regulatory Policy
those ostensibly belong regulated have much influence over the regulation
Elite Theory
view that public policies are determined by a small segment of society (upper class) uncontrolled by the mass of citizens
Group Theory
policies result from conflict and struggle among political groups
Distributive Policy
provides services or benefits to a particular persons, groups, or communities
Political Systems Theory
public policies are a political systems responses to demands from its environment
Rational Choice Theory
public policies result from the pursuit of self-interest by citizens & officials