5.1-5.4

The Philippines.

Walt Whitman, Editorial, Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 1846 We love to indulge in thoughts of the future extent and power of this republic- because with its increase is the increase of human happiness and liberty . . . .What has miserable, inefficient Mexico- with her superstition, her burlesque (parody) upon freedom, her actual tyranny by the few over the many- what has she to do with the great mission of peopling the new world with a noble race? Be it ours, to achieve that mission! The attitude expressed in this editorial is MOST similar to future U.S. policies in

Texas had recently declared its independence from Mexico.

"Gone to Texas." Star of the Republic Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Feb. 2016. What is the "crisis" referred to in this advertisement?

The U.S. was divided on the expansion of slavery into the West.

"Gone to Texas." Star of the Republic Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Feb. 2016. Why did it take ten years for Texas to be admitted as a state?

Texas was trying to recruit forces for its war against Mexico.

"Gone to Texas." Star of the Republic Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Feb. 2016. Why was Texas offering free land to the settlers?

the purchase of Alaska from Russia was considered to be a waste of money.

"Preparing for the Heated Term," in Frank Leslie's illustrated newspaper, vol. 24, no. 603 (1867 Apr. 20), p. 80. Library of Congress. Web. 19 July 2016. The cartoonist is critical of President Johnson because

Gold was discovered in Alaska in the 1890s.

"Preparing for the Heated Term," in Frank Leslie's illustrated newspaper, vol. 24, no. 603 (1867 Apr. 20), p. 80. Library of Congress. Web. 19 July 2016. Which historical development eventually changed the public's opinion of the Alaska purchase?

Alfred Mahan.

"Preparing for the Heated Term," in Frank Leslie's illustrated newspaper, vol. 24, no. 603 (1867 Apr. 20), p. 80. Library of Congress. Web. 19 July 2016. Which of the following individuals would MOST likely agree with the decision to purchase Alaska?

The Underground Railroad

(not same picture) To which of the following movements did these fugitives belong?

They carried papers or documents to verify their identity.

(not same picture) Which of the following descriptions would not apply to the individuals described in the advertisement?

Dred Scott

(not same picture) Which of the following most closely resembles the case of the family described above?

The speech led to the end of Lincoln's Congressional career.

Abraham Lincoln, Speech in House of Representatives, December 22, 1847 And yet again, in his message of December 7, 1847, that "the Mexican Government refused even to hear the terms of adjustment which he [our minister of peace] was authorized to propose, and finally, under wholly unjustifiable pretexts, involved the two countries in war, by invading the territory of the State of Texas, striking the first blow, and shedding the blood of our citizens on our own soil." And whereas this House is desirous to obtain a full knowledge of all the facts which go to establish whether the particular spot on which the blood of our citizens was so shed was or was not at that time our own soil. How did this speech affect the career of Abraham Lincoln?

World War Two.

Abraham Lincoln, Speech in House of Representatives, December 22, 1847 And yet again, in his message of December 7, 1847, that "the Mexican Government refused even to hear the terms of adjustment which he [our minister of peace] was authorized to propose, and finally, under wholly unjustifiable pretexts, involved the two countries in war, by invading the territory of the State of Texas, striking the first blow, and shedding the blood of our citizens on our own soil." And whereas this House is desirous to obtain a full knowledge of all the facts which go to establish whether the particular spot on which the blood of our citizens was so shed was or was not at that time our own soil. Which American conflict was sparked by an issue most similar to the immediate cause of the Mexican-American War?

James K. Polk.

Abraham Lincoln, Speech in House of Representatives, December 22, 1847 And yet again, in his message of December 7, 1847, that "the Mexican Government refused even to hear the terms of adjustment which he [our minister of peace] was authorized to propose, and finally, under wholly unjustifiable pretexts, involved the two countries in war, by invading the territory of the State of Texas, striking the first blow, and shedding the blood of our citizens on our own soil." And whereas this House is desirous to obtain a full knowledge of all the facts which go to establish whether the particular spot on which the blood of our citizens was so shed was or was not at that time our own soil. Which president is Abraham Lincoln criticizing in the above selection?

the future of slavery in the territories acquired from Mexico.

Aerial Locomotive advertisement, 1849. TripsIntoHistory.com. Web. 12 April 2012. The rapid growth of California's population most directly led to conflict over

The transcontinental railroad.

Aerial Locomotive advertisement, 1849. TripsIntoHistory.com. Web. 12 April 2012. Which of the following developments made it possible to travel from New York to California in a few days by the end of the 19th century?

Americans on the East Coast were eager to share in the excitement of the Gold Rush.

Aerial Locomotive advertisement, 1849. TripsIntoHistory.com. Web. 12 April 2012. Which of the following statements BEST describes the motivation for this 1849 advertisement?

land acquisition that re-opened the question of slavery in the territories.

Democratic Review, 1845 Texas has been absorbed into the Union as the inevitable fulfillment of the general law which is rolling our population westward....It was disintegrated from Mexico in the natural course of events, by a process perfectly legitimate on its own part, blameless on ours.... California will, probably next fall away from...Mexico...imbecile and distracted...The Anglo-Saxon foot is already on its borders....All this without agency of our government, without responsibility of our people--in the natural flow of events, the spontaneous working of principles.... One of the long-term effects of O'Sullivan's ideology was

The Annexation of the Philippines from Spain in 1898.

Democratic Review, 1845 Texas has been absorbed into the Union as the inevitable fulfillment of the general law which is rolling our population westward....It was disintegrated from Mexico in the natural course of events, by a process perfectly legitimate on its own part, blameless on ours.... California will, probably next fall away from...Mexico...imbecile and distracted...The Anglo-Saxon foot is already on its borders....All this without agency of our government, without responsibility of our people--in the natural flow of events, the spontaneous working of principles.... The passage from the Democratic Review has the most in common with which of the following justifications for territorial acquisition?

Manifest Destiny.

Democratic Review, 1845 Texas has been absorbed into the Union as the inevitable fulfillment of the general law which is rolling our population westward....It was disintegrated from Mexico in the natural course of events, by a process perfectly legitimate on its own part, blameless on ours.... California will, probably next fall away from...Mexico...imbecile and distracted...The Anglo-Saxon foot is already on its borders....All this without agency of our government, without responsibility of our people--in the natural flow of events, the spontaneous working of principles.... The passage from the Democratic Review reflects which of the following Antebellum philosophies?

Germany tried to convince Mexico to declare war against the United States during World War One.

How would the loss of Mexican territory to the United States influence twentieth century U.S. foreign policy?

The route used by government-sponsored explorers of the Louisiana Purchase.

J. Henry Brown Describes His Journey to Oregon The "Oregon fever" as it was termed, raged fearfully, and the applicants as drivers for our teams were numerous, so there was no difficulty in making choice with the understanding that they were to drive teams, stand guard, and assist in camp duties, for their board and transportation of their clothing and tools, as most of them were tradesmen of different kinds. It was found necessary to ship a portion to our rendezvous at St. Joseph, Missouri, as we were compelled to haul feed for our teams a greater portion of the way, the winter having just broken up and the roads being almost impassable. ...Our train consisted of thirteen wagons, and on the morning of March 15, 1847, the teams were hitched and everything being in readiness, leave takings were exchanged in the streets of Wilmington [Illinois]. Although I was quite young the scene was indelably fixed upon my mind. Tears were shed by mother and daughters as they embraced each other for the last time on earth, and the parting kiss was given as the last token of love from the hearts that knew the parting was forever. It was as solemn as a funeral. ... But the final hour had come, the word was given and the train started on its long, weary six months of travel and toil. After traveling a few miles we camped, but the start had been made, and nearly all for the first time in their lives experienced the novelty of camping... Settlers, such as the Browns, typically took which of the following routes in their journey west?

Settlers' desire for rich farmland in the west.

J. Henry Brown Describes His Journey to Oregon The "Oregon fever" as it was termed, raged fearfully, and the applicants as drivers for our teams were numerous, so there was no difficulty in making choice with the understanding that they were to drive teams, stand guard, and assist in camp duties, for their board and transportation of their clothing and tools, as most of them were tradesmen of different kinds. It was found necessary to ship a portion to our rendezvous at St. Joseph, Missouri, as we were compelled to haul feed for our teams a greater portion of the way, the winter having just broken up and the roads being almost impassable. ...Our train consisted of thirteen wagons, and on the morning of March 15, 1847, the teams were hitched and everything being in readiness, leave takings were exchanged in the streets of Wilmington [Illinois]. Although I was quite young the scene was indelably fixed upon my mind. Tears were shed by mother and daughters as they embraced each other for the last time on earth, and the parting kiss was given as the last token of love from the hearts that knew the parting was forever. It was as solemn as a funeral. ... But the final hour had come, the word was given and the train started on its long, weary six months of travel and toil. After traveling a few miles we camped, but the start had been made, and nearly all for the first time in their lives experienced the novelty of camping... Which of the following was the most direct cause of the "Oregon Fever" mentioned in the passage?

settlers racing west at the end of winter.

J. Henry Brown Describes His Journey to Oregon The "Oregon fever" as it was termed, raged fearfully, and the applicants as drivers for our teams were numerous, so there was no difficulty in making choice with the understanding that they were to drive teams, stand guard, and assist in camp duties, for their board and transportation of their clothing and tools, as most of them were tradesmen of different kinds. It was found necessary to ship a portion to our rendezvous at St. Joseph, Missouri, as we were compelled to haul feed for our teams a greater portion of the way, the winter having just broken up and the roads being almost impassable. ...Our train consisted of thirteen wagons, and on the morning of March 15, 1847, the teams were hitched and everything being in readiness, leave-takings were exchanged in the streets of Wilmington [Illinois]. Although I was quite young the scene was indelibly fixed upon my mind. Tears were shed by mother and daughters as they embraced each other for the last time on earth, and the parting kiss was given as the last token of love from the hearts that knew the parting was forever. It was as solemn as a funeral. ... But the final hour had come, the word was given and the train started on its long, weary six months of travel and toil. After traveling a few miles we camped, but the start had been made, and nearly all for the first time in their lives experienced the novelty of camping... This passage hints at the danger of the journey west as a result of

Mexico outlawed slavery within the borders of Texas.

New Yorkers opposed the annexation of Texas in this petition. April 18, 1844. Library of Congress Archives. Which of the following issues led Texas to declare its independence from Mexico?

Increasing demand for more territories open to slavery.

New Yorkers opposed the annexation of Texas in this petition. April 18, 1844. Library of Congress Archives. Which of the following issues, raised by the possible annexation of Texas, most angered the North?

To create a continuous border along the 49th parallel with Canada.

Oregon Treaty, Article One (1846) From the point of the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, where the boundary laid down in existing treaties and conventions between the United States and Great Britain terminates, the line of boundary between the territories of the United States and those of her Britannic Majesty shall be continued westward along the said forty-ninth parallel of north latitude to the middle of the channel which separates the continent from Vancouver's Island, and thence southerly through the middle of the said channel, and of Fuca's Straits, to the Pacific Ocean. Provided, however, That the navigation of the whole of the said channel and straits, south of the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, remain free and open to both parties. Based on the treaty above, what was Polk's ultimate goal in the west?

The president of the US called for owning Oregon up to present day Alaska.

Oregon Treaty, Article One (1846) From the point of the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, where the boundary laid down in existing treaties and conventions between the United States and Great Britain terminates, the line of boundary between the territories of the United States and those of her Britannic Majesty shall be continued westward along the said forty-ninth parallel of north latitude to the middle of the channel which separates the continent from Vancouver's Island, and thence southerly through the middle of the said channel, and of Fuca's Straits, to the Pacific Ocean. Provided, however, That the navigation of the whole of the said channel and straits, south of the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, remain free and open to both parties. What event precipitated tensions between Great Britain and the United States, which were settled by this treaty?

The United States attempted to expand west to the Pacific Ocean.

Oregon Treaty, Article One (1846) From the point of the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, where the boundary laid down in existing treaties and conventions between the United States and Great Britain terminates, the line of boundary between the territories of the United States and those of her Britannic Majesty shall be continued westward along the said forty-ninth parallel of north latitude to the middle of the channel which separates the continent from Vancouver's Island, and thence southerly through the middle of the said channel, and of Fuca's Straits, to the Pacific Ocean. Provided, however, That the navigation of the whole of the said channel and straits, south of the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, remain free and open to both parties. What trend in United States History is demonstrated by the Oregon Treaty?

The annexation of Texas by the United States.

President Polk's message to Congress (1846) The grievous wrong perpetrated by Mexico upon our citizens throughout a long period of years remain undressed, and solemn [claims] treaties pledging her public faith for his redress have been disregarded... Upon the pretext that Texas, a nation as independent as herself, thought proper to unite its destinies with our own, she has affected to believe that we have severed her rightful territory, and in official proclamations and manifestos has repeatedly threatened to make war upon us for the purpose of reconquering Texas. In the meantime, we have tried every effort at reconciliation. The cup of forbearance had been exhausted even before the recent information from the frontier of the [Rio Grande] Del Norte. But now, after reintegrated menaces, Mexico has passed the boundary of the US, has invaded our territory, and shed American blood upon American soil. She has proclaimed the hostilities have commenced, and that the two nations are now at war. Butler, Steven R. A Documentary History of the Mexican War. Richardson, TX: Descendants Of Mexican War Veterans, 1995. Print. Congressional Resolution drafted by Charles Sumner (1847) Resolved, That the present war with Mexico has its primary origin in the unconstitutional annexation to the United States of the foreign state of Texas while the same was still at war with Mexico; that it was unconstitutionally commenced by the order of the President, to General Taylor, to take military possession of territory in dispute between the United States and Mexico, and in the occupation of Mexico; and that it is now waged ingloriously by a powerful nation against a weak neighbor unnecessarily and without just cause, at immense cost of treasure and life, for the dismemberment of Mexico, and for the conquest of a portion of her territory, from which slavery has already been excluded, with the triple object of extending slavery, of strengthening the "Slave Power," and of obtaining the control of the Free States, under the Constitution of the United States... Resolved, That our attention is directed anew to the wrong and "enormity" of slavery, and to the tyranny and usurpation of the "Slave Power," as displayed in the history of our country, particularly in the annexation of Texas and the present war with Mexico.... According to both passages above, which of the following likely had the greatest influence on causing war with Mexico?

Expansion of slavery.

President Polk's message to Congress (1846) The grievous wrong perpetrated by Mexico upon our citizens throughout a long period of years remain undressed, and solemn [claims] treaties pledging her public faith for his redress have been disregarded... Upon the pretext that Texas, a nation as independent as herself, thought proper to unite its destinies with our own, she has affected to believe that we have severed her rightful territory, and in official proclamations and manifestos has repeatedly threatened to make war upon us for the purpose of reconquering Texas. In the meantime, we have tried every effort at reconciliation. The cup of forbearance had been exhausted even before the recent information from the frontier of the [Rio Grande] Del Norte. But now, after reintegrated menaces. Mexico has passed the boundary of the US, has invaded our territory, and shed American blood upon American soil. She has proclaimed the hostilities have commenced, and that the two nations are now at war. Butler, Steven R. A Documentary History of the Mexican War. Richardson, TX: Descendants Of Mexican War Veterans, 1995. Print. Congressional Resolution drafted by Charles Sumner (1847) Resolved, That the present war with Mexico has its primary origin in the unconstitutional annexation to the United States of the foreign state of Texas while the same was still at war with Mexico; that it was unconstitutionally commenced by the order of the President, to General Taylor, to take military possession of territory in dispute between the United States and Mexico, and in the occupation of Mexico; and that it is now waged ingloriously by a powerful nation against a weak neighbor unnecessarily and without just cause, at immense cost of treasure and life, for the dismemberment of Mexico, and for the conquest of a portion of her territory, from which slavery has already been excluded, with the triple object of extending slavery, of strengthening the "Slave Power," and of obtaining the control of the Free States, under the Constitution of the United States... Resolved, That our attention is directed anew to the wrong and "enormity" of slavery, and to the tyranny and usurpation of the "Slave Power," as displayed in the history of our country, particularly in the annexation of Texas and the present war with Mexico.... Out of the following issues, on which factor are the authors above most likely to disagree in terms of its role as a cause of the war with Mexico?

A factory owner in New Hampshire.

President Polk's message to Congress (1846) The grievous wrong perpetrated by Mexico upon our citizens throughout a long period of years remain undressed, and solemn [claims] treaties pledging her public faith for his redress have been disregarded... Upon the pretext that Texas, a nation as independent as herself, thought proper to unite its destinies with our own, she has affected to believe that we have severed her rightful territory, and in official proclamations and manifestos has repeatedly threatened to make war upon us for the purpose of reconquering Texas. In the meantime, we have tried every effort at reconciliation. The cup of forbearance had been exhausted even before the recent information from the frontier of the [Rio Grande] Del Norte. But now, after reintegrated menaces. Mexico has passed the boundary of the US, has invaded our territory, and shed American blood upon American soil. She has proclaimed the hostilities have commenced, and that the two nations are now at war. Butler, Steven R. A Documentary History of the Mexican War. Richardson, TX: Descendants Of Mexican War Veterans, 1995. Print. Congressional Resolution drafted by Charles Sumner (1847) Resolved, That the present war with Mexico has its primary origin in the unconstitutional annexation to the United States of the foreign state of Texas while the same was still at war with Mexico; that it was unconstitutionally commenced by the order of the President, to General Taylor, to take military possession of territory in dispute between the United States and Mexico, and in the occupation of Mexico; and that it is now waged ingloriously by a powerful nation against a weak neighbor unnecessarily and without just cause, at immense cost of treasure and life, for the dismemberment of Mexico, and for the conquest of a portion of her territory, from which slavery has already been excluded, with the triple object of extending slavery, of strengthening the "Slave Power," and of obtaining the control of the Free States, under the Constitution of the United States... Resolved, That our attention is directed anew to the wrong and "enormity" of slavery, and to the tyranny and usurpation of the "Slave Power," as displayed in the history of our country, particularly in the annexation of Texas and the present war with Mexico.... Which of the following would be most likely to support Charles Sumner's point of view in the passage above?

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787.

Provided, That, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted. Which of the following was MOST similar to the Wilmot Proviso?

Religion, like all aspects of American life, was impacted by slavery.

The Looming Crisis "Wyandotte Nation Jan. 4th, 1849 Dear Sir, I will make no other apology for addressing you that our friendship and the position you occupy in community. It is well known to all, that the conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the slave holding state have seceded from the present church and have formed themselves into "a distinct ecclesiastical organization under the name the "Methodist Episcopal Church South." A majority of the members of the Wyandotte Society have refused to go with the secession and have sought and obtained a missionary from the Methodist Episcopal Church. An effort is now being made by slave-holding missionaries and Government Agents to induce the Indian Department to expel our missionary from among us, and thus deprive us our religious rights. We reside West of the State of Missouri where the compromise act forever excludes Slavery and we think that a slave-holding ministry ought not to be forced upon us, to the rather exclusion of the one of our choice. Dr. A. Stile the Presiding Elder of this District resides in the State of Missouri. The Government Agent threaten strongly that they will prohibit him from coming among us any more to hold our quarterly meeting. We think it a hard case that if after compelling us in a manner to leave our sweet Ohio the government should not allow us to seek our own church relations. The Missionaries of the Church South bring their Slaves right in among us and engage in the traffic before our eyes. There are now about twenty negro slaves in the Shawnee and Wyandotte Territory's. It has a very bad affect upon the real Indian, it confirms him in his preconceived notion that labor is dishonorable. Although slavery is the main objection we have to the new church yet we distinctly disclaim being abolitionists, but residing on free soil we desire to have nothing to do with and consider the matter here as settled. Now as a personal friend and an acquaintance I have turned to you for assistance. Can you not create interest sufficient for us in Washington to induce the Indian Department to award to us our national inalienable religious rights. Lucy B. Armstrong What does Armstrong's letter indicate about religion in America leading up to the Civil War?

Manifest Destiny

The Looming Crisis "Wyandotte Nation Jan. 4th, 1849 Dear Sir, I will make no other apology for addressing you that our friendship and the position you occupy in community. It is well known to all, that the conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the slave holding state have seceded from the present church and have formed themselves into "a distinct ecclesiastical organization under the name the "Methodist Episcopal Church South." A majority of the members of the Wyandotte Society have refused to go with the secession and have sought and obtained a missionary from the Methodist Episcopal Church. An effort is now being made by slave-holding missionaries and Government Agents to induce the Indian Department to expel our missionary from among us, and thus deprive us our religious rights. We reside West of the State of Missouri where the compromise act forever excludes Slavery and we think that a slave-holding ministry ought not to be forced upon us, to the rather exclusion of the one of our choice. Dr. A. Stile the Presiding Elder of this District resides in the State of Missouri. The Government Agent threaten strongly that they will prohibit him from coming among us any more to hold our quarterly meeting. We think it a hard case that if after compelling us in a manner to leave our sweet Ohio the government should not allow us to seek our own church relations. The Missionaries of the Church South bring their Slaves right in among us and engage in the traffic before our eyes. There are now about twenty negro slaves in the Shawnee and Wyandotte Territory's. It has a very bad affect upon the real Indian, it confirms him in his preconceived notion that labor is dishonorable. Although slavery is the main objection we have to the new church yet we distinctly disclaim being abolitionists, but residing on free soil we desire to have nothing to do with and consider the matter here as settled. Now as a personal friend and an acquaintance I have turned to you for assistance. Can you not create interest sufficient for us in Washington to induce the Indian Department to award to us our national inalienable religious rights. Lucy B. Armstrong What ideology prompted the removal of the Wyandotte, well as other indigenous nations, from their home in Ohio and relocation near Missouri?

Westward Expansion intensified the tension created by sectionalism.

The Looming Crisis "Wyandotte Nation Jan. 4th, 1849 Dear Sir, I will make no other apology for addressing you that our friendship and the position you occupy in community. It is well known to all, that the conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the slave holding state have seceded from the present church and have formed themselves into "a distinct ecclesiastical organization under the name the "Methodist Episcopal Church South." A majority of the members of the Wyandotte Society have refused to go with the secession and have sought and obtained a missionary from the Methodist Episcopal Church. An effort is now being made by slave-holding missionaries and Government Agents to induce the Indian Department to expel our missionary from among us, and thus deprive us our religious rights. We reside West of the State of Missouri where the compromise act forever excludes Slavery and we think that a slave-holding ministry ought not to be forced upon us, to the rather exclusion of the one of our choice. Dr. A. Stile the Presiding Elder of this District resides in the State of Missouri. The Government Agent threaten strongly that they will prohibit him from coming among us any more to hold our quarterly meeting. We think it a hard case that if after compelling us in a manner to leave our sweet Ohio the government should not allow us to seek our own church relations. The Missionaries of the Church South bring their Slaves right in among us and engage in the traffic before our eyes. There are now about twenty negro slaves in the Shawnee and Wyandotte Territory's. It has a very bad affect upon the real Indian, it confirms him in his preconceived notion that labor is dishonorable. Although slavery is the main objection we have to the new church yet we distinctly disclaim being abolitionists, but residing on free soil we desire to have nothing to do with and consider the matter here as settled. Now as a personal friend and an acquaintance I have turned to you for assistance. Can you not create interest sufficient for us in Washington to induce the Indian Department to award to us our national inalienable religious rights. Lucy B. Armstrong Which of the following statements BEST summarizes the relationship between Westward Expansion and the Civil War?

Because sectional tensions between the North and South meant that politicians in Washington were critical of slavery.

The Looming Crisis "Wyandotte Nation Jan. 4th, 1849 Dear Sir, I will make no other apology for addressing you that our friendship and the position you occupy in community. It is well known to all, that the conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the slave holding state have seceded from the present church and have formed themselves into "a distinct ecclesiastical organization under the name the "Methodist Episcopal Church South." A majority of the members of the Wyandotte Society have refused to go with the secession and have sought and obtained a missionary from the Methodist Episcopal Church. An effort is now being made by slave-holding missionaries and Government Agents to induce the Indian Department to expel our missionary from among us, and thus deprive us our religious rights. We reside West of the State of Missouri where the compromise act forever excludes Slavery and we think that a slave-holding ministry ought not to be forced upon us, to the rather exclusion of the one of our choice. Dr. A. Stile the Presiding Elder of this District resides in the State of Missouri. The Government Agent threaten strongly that they will prohibit him from coming among us any more to hold our quarterly meeting. We think it a hard case that if after compelling us in a manner to leave our sweet Ohio the government should not allow us to seek our own church relations. The Missionaries of the Church South bring their Slaves right in among us and engage in the traffic before our eyes. There are now about twenty negro slaves in the Shawnee and Wyandotte Territory's. It has a very bad affect upon the real Indian, it confirms him in his preconceived notion that labor is dishonorable. Although slavery is the main objection we have to the new church yet we distinctly disclaim being abolitionists, but residing on free soil we desire to have nothing to do with and consider the matter here as settled. Now as a personal friend and an acquaintance I have turned to you for assistance. Can you not create interest sufficient for us in Washington to induce the Indian Department to award to us our national inalienable religious rights. Lucy B. Armstrong Why did Armstrong feel someone in Washington, D.C. might be sympathetic to her concerns?

Lands acquired from Mexico were not subject to the 36 30 line.

The Wilmot Proviso, 1846 Provided, That, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted. David Wilmot proposed this measure due to which of the following issues?

The Caribbean.

The Wilmot Proviso, 1846 Provided, That, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted. Due to measures such as the one above, where did the South look to expand slavery?

Congress failed to pass the measure but passed a compromise measure allowing voters to decide the issue.

The Wilmot Proviso, 1846 Provided, That, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted. What was the fate of the Wilmot Proviso?

The passage of Personal Liberty Laws by many northern states.

Transcript of Missouri Compromise, 1820 . . .And be it further enacted. That in all that territory ceded by France to the United States, under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, not included within the limits of the state, contemplated by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be, and is hereby, forever prohibited: Provided always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labour or service is lawfully claimed, in any state or territory of the United States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labour or service as aforesaid. All of the following played a direct role in the repeal of the Missouri Compromise EXCEPT

The Nullification Crisis precipitated by South Carolina, 1832-33.

Transcript of Missouri Compromise, 1820 . . .And be it further enacted. That in all that territory ceded by France to the United States, under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, not included within the limits of the state, contemplated by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be, and is hereby, forever prohibited: Provided always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labour or service is lawfully claimed, in any state or territory of the United States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labour or service as aforesaid. Henry Clay, author of the Missouri Compromise, displayed his negotiating skills in which other instance?

fear on the part of northern anti-slavery legislators that balance in the U.S. Senate would be tipped in favor of pro-slavery interests.

Transcript of Missouri Compromise, 1820 . . .And be it further enacted. That in all that territory ceded by France to the United States, under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, not included within the limits of the state, contemplated by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be, and is hereby, forever prohibited: Provided always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labour or service is lawfully claimed, in any state or territory of the United States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labour or service as aforesaid. The call for urgent congressional action on Missouri's 1818 application for statehood came as a result of

The Free Soil Party emerged as a national party with its first presidential candidate.

Transcript of Wilmot Proviso, 1846 Provided, That, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted. How did the Wilmot Proviso alter the political landscape for the 1848 presidential election?

it failed to gain the necessary votes in the Senate.

Transcript of Wilmot Proviso, 1846 Provided, That, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted. The Wilmot Proviso did not become law because

The Northwest Ordinance, 1787

Transcript of Wilmot Proviso, 1846 Provided, That, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted. The Wilmot Proviso was patterned after which of the following documents?

Both the Apache and the United States agreed not to harm each other.

Treaty with the Apache, 1852 ARTICLE 1. Said nation or tribe of Indians through their authorized Chiefs aforesaid do hereby acknowledge and declare that they are lawfully and exclusively under the laws, jurisdiction, and government of the United States of America . . . ARTICLE 2. From and after the signing of this Treaty hostilities between the contracting parties shall forever cease, and perpetual peace and amity shall forever exist between said Indians and the Government and people of the United States. . . ARTICLE 3. Said nation, or tribe of Indians, do hereby bind themselves for all future time to treat honestly and humanely all citizens of the United States . . . ARTICLE 6. Should any citizen of the United States . . . murder, rob, or otherwise maltreat any Apache Indian or Indians, he or they shall be arrested and tried, and upon conviction, shall be subject to all the penalties provided by law . . . of the said States. ARTICLE 8. In order to preserve tranquility and to afford protection to all the people and interests of the contracting parties, the government of the United States of America will establish such military posts and agencies, and authorize such trading houses at such times and places as the said government may designate. ARTICLE 9. . . . it is agreed by the aforesaid Apache's that the government of the United States shall at its earliest convenience designate, settle, and adjust their territorial boundaries, and pass and execute in their territory such laws as may be deemed conducive to the prosperity and happiness of said Indians. What evidence can be found in this treaty that the Apache and the United States had mutual respect for each other?

Article 9.

Treaty with the Apache, 1852 ARTICLE 1. Said nation or tribe of Indians through their authorized Chiefs aforesaid do hereby acknowledge and declare that they are lawfully and exclusively under the laws, jurisdiction, and government of the United States of America . . . ARTICLE 2. From and after the signing of this Treaty hostilities between the contracting parties shall forever cease, and perpetual peace and amity shall forever exist between said Indians and the Government and people of the United States. . . ARTICLE 3. Said nation, or tribe of Indians, do hereby bind themselves for all future time to treat honestly and humanely all citizens of the United States . . . ARTICLE 6. Should any citizen of the United States . . . murder, rob, or otherwise maltreat any Apache Indian or Indians, he or they shall be arrested and tried, and upon conviction, shall be subject to all the penalties provided by law . . . of the said States. ARTICLE 8. In order to preserve tranquility and to afford protection to all the people and interests of the contracting parties, the government of the United States of America will establish such military posts and agencies, and authorize such trading houses at such times and places as the said government may designate. ARTICLE 9. . . . it is agreed by the aforesaid Apache's that the government of the United States shall at its earliest convenience designate, settle, and adjust their territorial boundaries, and pass and execute in their territory such laws as may be deemed conducive to the prosperity and happiness of said Indians. Which article of this treaty was the LEAST consistently enforced by the government of the United States?

George Armstrong Custer.

Treaty with the Apache, 1852 ARTICLE 1. Said nation or tribe of Indians through their authorized Chiefs aforesaid do hereby acknowledge and declare that they are lawfully and exclusively under the laws, jurisdiction, and government of the United States of America . . . ARTICLE 2. From and after the signing of this Treaty hostilities between the contracting parties shall forever cease, and perpetual peace and amity shall forever exist between said Indians and the Government and people of the United States. . . ARTICLE 3. Said nation, or tribe of Indians, do hereby bind themselves for all future time to treat honestly and humanely all citizens of the United States . . . ARTICLE 6. Should any citizen of the United States . . . murder, rob, or otherwise maltreat any Apache Indian or Indians, he or they shall be arrested and tried, and upon conviction, shall be subject to all the penalties provided by law . . . of the said States. ARTICLE 8. In order to preserve tranquility and to afford protection to all the people and interests of the contracting parties, the government of the United States of America will establish such military posts and agencies, and authorize such trading houses at such times and places as the said government may designate. ARTICLE 9. . . . it is agreed by the aforesaid Apache's that the government of the United States shall at its earliest convenience designate, settle, and adjust their territorial boundaries, and pass and execute in their territory such laws as may be deemed conducive to the prosperity and happiness of said Indians. Which historical figure would have most likely supported this treaty?

The lands west of the Louisiana territory are the rightful possessions of Mexico.

Walt Whitman, Editorial, Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 1846 We love to indulge in thoughts of the future extent and power of this republic- because with its increase is the increase of human happiness and liberty . . . .What has miserable, inefficient Mexico- with her superstition, her burlesque (parody) upon freedom, her actual tyranny by the few over the many- what has she to do with the great mission of peopling the new world with a noble race? Be it ours, to achieve that mission! Walt Whitman would MOST likely have disagreed with which of the following ideas?

Whitman believed that only the United States could expand freedom throughout North America.

Walt Whitman, Editorial, Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 1846 We love to indulge in thoughts of the future extent and power of this republic- because with its increase is the increase of human happiness and liberty . . . .What has miserable, inefficient Mexico- with her superstition, her burlesque (parody) upon freedom, her actual tyranny by the few over the many- what has she to do with the great mission of peopling the new world with a noble race? Be it ours, to achieve that mission! Which of the following statements MOST accurately summarizes Whitman's editorial?

All of the highlighted territory belonged to Mexico at some point in the past.

Which statement about the area highlighted in white on the map is correct?

The land was needed to complete a railroad line through what is today the Southwestern United States.

Why was the Gadsden Purchase made?

Texan revolutionaries stationed outside of the Alamo.

William Barret Travis Letter from the Alamo Commandancy of the The Alamo Bejar, Feb. 24th. 1836 To the People of Texas & All Americans in the World- Fellow Citizens & compatriots- I am besieged, by a thousand or more of the Mexicans under Santa Anna - I have sustained a continual Bombardment & cannonade for 24 hours & have not lost a man - The enemy has demanded a surrender at discretion, otherwise, the garrison are to be put to the sword, if the fort is taken - I have answered the demand with a cannon shot, & our flag still waves proudly from the walls - I shall never surrender or retreat. Then, I call on you in the name of Liberty, of patriotism & everything dear to the American character, to come to our aid, with all dispatch - The enemy is receiving reinforcements daily & will no doubt increase to three or four thousand in four or five days. If this call is neglected, I am determined to sustain myself as long as possible & die like a soldier who never forgets what is due to his own honor & that of his country - Victory or Death. William Barret Travis. Which of the following is the likely audience of this letter?

Travis and his men were wiped out by the Mexican Army.

William Barret Travis Letter from the Alamo Commandancy of the The Alamo Bejar, Feb. 24th. 1836 To the People of Texas & All Americans in the World- Fellow Citizens & compatriots- I am besieged, by a thousand or more of the Mexicans under Santa Anna - I have sustained a continual Bombardment & cannonade for 24 hours & have not lost a man - The enemy has demanded a surrender at discretion, otherwise, the garrison are to be put to the sword, if the fort is taken - I have answered the demand with a cannon shot, & our flag still waves proudly from the walls - I shall never surrender or retreat. Then, I call on you in the name of Liberty, of patriotism & everything dear to the American character, to come to our aid, with all dispatch - The enemy is receiving reinforcements daily & will no doubt increase to three or four thousand in four or five days. If this call is neglected, I am determined to sustain myself as long as possible & die like a soldier who never forgets what is due to his own honor & that of his country - Victory or Death. William Barret Travis. Which of the following statements best describes the consequence of this letter?

Hawaii.

William Barret Travis Letter from the Alamo Commandancy of the The Alamo Bejar, Feb. 24th. 1836 To the People of Texas & All Americans in the World- Fellow Citizens & compatriots- I am besieged, by a thousand or more of the Mexicans under Santa Anna - I have sustained a continual Bombardment & cannonade for 24 hours & have not lost a man - The enemy has demanded a surrender at discretion, otherwise, the garrison are to be put to the sword, if the fort is taken - I have answered the demand with a cannon shot, & our flag still waves proudly from the walls - I shall never surrender or retreat. Then, I call on you in the name of Liberty, of patriotism & everything dear to the American character, to come to our aid, with all dispatch - The enemy is receiving reinforcements daily & will no doubt increase to three or four thousand in four or five days. If this call is neglected, I am determined to sustain myself as long as possible & die like a soldier who never forgets what is due to his own honor & that of his country - Victory or Death. William Barret Travis. Which of the following territorial acquisitions is most similar to the annexation of Texas?

Other European powers, like the Spanish, were utilizing slave labor before the English began settlement.

William Seward, Speech to the U.S. Senate,1850 And now the simple, bold, and even awful question which presents itself to us is this: Shall we... establish human bondage, or permit it by our sufferance to be established? Sir, our forefathers would not have hesitated an hour. They found slavery existing here, and they left it only because they could not remove it. There is not only no free state which would now establish it, but there is no slave state, which, if it had had the free alternative as we now have, would have founded slavery. Indeed, our revolutionary predecessors had precisely the same question before them in establishing an organic law under which the states of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, and Wisconsin, have since come into the Union, and they solemnly repudiated and excluded slavery from​ those states forever... Sir, there is no Christian nation, thus free to choose as we are, which would establish slavery. I speak on due consideration, because Britain, France, and Mexico, have abolished slavery, and all other European states are preparing to abolish it as speedily as they can. What does Seward mean when he states "they found slavery existing here?"

The creation of the Republican Party.

William Seward, Speech to the U.S. Senate,1850 And now the simple, bold, and even awful question which presents itself to us is this: Shall we... establish human bondage, or permit it by our sufferance to be established? Sir, our forefathers would not have hesitated an hour. They found slavery existing here, and they left it only because they could not remove it. There is not only no free state which would now establish it, but there is no slave state, which, if it had had the free alternative as we now have, would have founded slavery. Indeed, our revolutionary predecessors had precisely the same question before them in establishing an organic law under which the states of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, and Wisconsin, have since come into the Union, and they solemnly repudiated and excluded slavery from​ those states forever... Sir, there is no Christian nation, thus free to choose as we are, which would establish slavery. I speak on due consideration, because Britain, France, and Mexico, have abolished slavery, and all other European states are preparing to abolish it as speedily as they can. Which action prior to the U.S. Civil War aligns most closely with Senator Seward's views on slavery?

The Northwest Ordinance.

William Seward, Speech to the U.S. Senate,1850 And now the simple, bold, and even awful question which presents itself to us is this: Shall we... establish human bondage, or permit it by our sufferance to be established? Sir, our forefathers would not have hesitated an hour. They found slavery existing here, and they left it only because they could not remove it. There is not only no free state which would now establish it, but there is no slave state, which, if it had had the free alternative as we now have, would have founded slavery. Indeed, our revolutionary predecessors had precisely the same question before them in establishing an organic law under which the states of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, and Wisconsin, have since come into the Union, and they solemnly repudiated and excluded slavery from​ those states forever... Sir, there is no Christian nation, thus free to choose as we are, which would establish slavery. I speak on due consideration, because Britain, France, and Mexico, have abolished slavery, and all other European states are preparing to abolish it as speedily as they can. Which law passed by the United States Congress is MOST consistent with Seward's point of view?

That slavery would be prohibited in the land gained in the Mexican War.

Wilmot Proviso, 1846 Provided, That, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted. Which of the following is the CENTRAL argument of the above legislation?

The Spot Resolution of Abraham Lincoln and other Whigs.

Wilmot Proviso, 1846 Provided, That, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted. Which of the following legislations would David Wilmot also have likely supported?