6.3: "Indigenous Response to Industrialization"

17. How was Britain using Australia and New Zealand? Describe the resistance movements that occurred in these locations.

1788, the British began seeding convicts and soldiers to establish colonies in New South Wales. They attempted to treat the indigenous inhabitants kindly, but the colonial government did not recognize indigenous land ownership. And inhabitants were not considered British subjects and were not protected by the law. Aborginla people were killed to defend their territory and resources from European settlers. 1840, Treaty of Waitangi, Britain had promised to protect property rights of the Maori. The Maori Wars broke out and became reluctant to sell more land to settlers for fearing and attempting to pressure the Maori to sell land sending troops. The war ended but Maroi had lost most of their land.

20. Describe the outcome of the following: Mahdist Revolt:

After Ahmad's death, The Mahdist movement disintegrated weakened by infighting among rival leaders. The British returned to Suan in 1896, and defeated the Mahdists in September 1898.

7. Who was Tupac Amaru II - what was his role in refusing imperialism?

He was a cocique (hereditary chief) in southern Peru. He was descended from the last Inca ruler, Tupac Amarau. He continued to identify with his Inca heritage in spite of having recorded a formal Jesuit education. His family were captured and forced to each his family executed before he was tortured and executed himself. He arrested and executed a colonial administrator, charging him with cruelty. This action led to the last general India revolt against Spain, which at first was supported by some criollos. The revolt spread throughout southern Peru and into Coliva and Argentina.

20. Describe the outcome of the following: Samory Toure's War:

After Torue's forces were ejected by the French, he tried to reestablish his kingdom in the upper Ivory Coast. The French finally captured him in 1898 and sent him into exile.

11. How did Britain change its role in governing India after the mutiny?

Britain also exiled the Mughal emperor or his involvement in the rebellion and ended the Mughal Empire. India won independence in 1947, The British Raj, the colonial government took its orders directly from the British government in Lobodon. British-educated Indians established the Indian National Congress.

13. How did Vietnam try to resist French rule?

Ham Nghi became emperor, his top advisers were vocal critics of the French. Ham Nghi's supporters continued to resist French rule until he was captured in 1888 and exiled to Aleria. The resistance continued until 1895 under Phan Dinh Pungu, a hero to revolutionaries in the Vietnamese resistance movement.

Explain how and why internal and external factors have influenced the process of state building from 1750-1900.

Increasing questions about political authority and growing nationalism contributed to anticolonial movements. Anti-imperial resistance took various forms, including direct resistance within empires and the creation of new states on the peripheries. Increasing discontent with imperial rule led to rebellions, some of which were influenced by religious ideas

20. Describe the outcome of the following: Yaa Asantewaa War:

It was the last African war led by a woman. The war ended in September 1900 with a British victory. Yaa Asatnewaa was exiled, and Asante became part of the Gold Coast colony.

1. How did enlightenment ideals help leaders push against colonization?

Many had developed a deep understanding of such Enlightenment ideals as natural rights, sovereignty, and nationalism. Some worked in official posts in the colonial government. Some colonial elites used the education that imperialism provided them to drive out their conquerors in the 20th century. Anti-imperial resistance often created new states.

8. What was the result of Mexico's attempt to overthrow Benito Juarez?

Mexico owned France money and Napoleon III wanted to add his imperialist ambition. Maximilian was crowned for the emperor of Mexico. Mexican forced the French to withdraw from Mexico. Maximilian was executed and Juarez resumed the presidency.

6. Explain Ghost Dance and how it impacted the Sioux.

Prophet Dreamers among the Northern Paiute Indians announced that the dead would soon come back and drive out the whites, restoring the lands and traditions of Native Americans. It reached the Sioux by 1890, coinciding with the Sioux revolts.

16. Who were the Aboriginal people?

The Aboriginial people have been in Australia for an estimated 50,000 years and have the oldest continuous culture on Earth. There may have been as many as 1 million people in 500 clans, speaking 700 languages.

4. How did the Cherokee Nation assimilate to white settler culture?

The Cherokke assimilated to white settler culture, adopting colonial methods of farming, weaving, and building. They developed a syllabic alphabet for writing their language. The entire tribe was literate and adopted a constitution based on the U.S Constitution.

15. How did the Treaty of Paris lead to the Philippine-American War? What was the result?

The Treaty of Paris ended the war but transferred control of the Philippines from Spain to the United States. The war ended in a U.S. victory in 1902. Organized resistance continued until 1906, but the PHilippines remained a U.S. possession until 1946.

19. Who were the Xhosa people - why did they kill their cattle?

The Xhosa began to kill their cattle and destroy their crops in the belief that these actions would cause spirits to remove the British settlers from their lands.

5. Even though they assimilated, they were negatively impacted by expansion - how?

The discovery of gold in 1829 on Cherokee land in Georgia, attempts began to force the Cherokke off their land. The Indian Removal Act of 1830, the Cherokee tribes were forced to relocate, what is now Oklahoma.

20. Describe the outcome of the following: Anglo-Zulu War:

Went in favor of the Zulus, but eventually the British defeated them, and their lands became part of the British colony of South Africa.

18. Explain what Pan-Africanism was and how it connected to resistance to imperialism.

Western-education Africans had a shared identity and nationalism. The colonial governments in Africa were run by military officials from Europe in WWII.

12. Which country was left independent in South Asia?

By the 1880s, the only independent country remaining in Southeast Asia was Siam (Thailand).

14. What began the Philippine Revolution? Why were they upset and why did they expect freedom?

In 1896, several revolts broke out in provinces around Manila, marking the beginning of the Phillippine Revolution. The Spanish-American War broke and a American victory caused exiled Filipio revolutionaries returned. Based on U.S sympathy for Philippine independence, the rebels expected freedom.

2. Who were those in the Balkan Peninsula inspired by? Who won independence from Ottoman rule?

Inspired by the French Revolution, ethinic nationalism emerged as the peoples of the Balkans sought independence. The growing ethnic tensions in the region set the state for World War I. Serbia (1815) and Greece (1832) won independence only after long wars. Bosnia and Herzegoivan, Montenegro, and Bulgaria all rebelled against Ottoman rule.

9. Who were the sepoys? How did they help Britain maintain their ownership of India?

Sepoys were Indian soldiers under British employ, made up the majority of the British armed forces in colonial India.

10. What changed and led to the Indian Rebellion of 1857, or Sepoy Mutiny?

The British began using rifle cartridges that had been greased with a mixture of the fat of cows and pigs. Hindus, who view the cow as sacred, and Mulism, who refuse to slaughter pigs, were both furious. Both were convinced that the British were trying to convert them to Christainity. The event marked the emergence of Indian nationalism.

3. Why was the Proclamation of 1763 significant?

This act reserved all the land between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi RIver for Native Americans. It is the first time a European government had recognized the territorial rights of indgienous peoples.