6.5
battle of salamis
480 B.C.E. The battle that effectively ended the Persian war. The Greek fleet, although vastly outnumbered, defeated the Persian fleet. This helped end the Persian war, freeing Greece.
Peleponnesian War
As the Athenian empire grew rich and strong, other city-stated questioned its intent. Led by Sparta, they joined forces against Athens. Sparta and Athens had built two different societties, and neither state trused or understood the other.The two groups clashed several times over what Sparta and its allies saw as Athenian aggression. Finally, war broke out in 431 BC. It would drag on until 404 BC and shatter all possibility of future cooperation among the Greeks. Historians call this conflict the Peloponnesian War because Sparta was located in the Peloponnesian Peninsula.
battle of Thermopylae
Battle during which 300 Spartans fought thousands of Persian soldiers in a narrow mountain pass
Persians
Ethnic group that settled in what is now Iran. They were rivals for control of Mesopotamia with the Greeks, and later the Arabs.
battle of marathon
Greek victory over the Persian army that ended the First Persian War
Aegospotami
Last great battle of the Peloponnesian War where the Athenian fleet was destroyed in 405 B.C. Food Supply
1st Persian war
The first Persian invasion of Greece, during the Persian Wars, began in 492 BC, and ended with the decisive Athenian victory at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC.
2nd Persian War
The second Persian invasion of Greece occurred during the Greco-Persian Wars, as King Xerxes I of Persia sought to conquer all of Greece. The invasion was a direct, if delayed, response to the defeat of the first Persian invasion of Greece at the Battle of Marathon, which ended Darius I's attempts to subjugate Greece
Darius
The third king of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. He ruled the empire at its peak. He organized the empire by dividing it into provinces and placing satraps to govern it. He organized a new uniform money system, along with making Aramaic the official language of the empire. He also worked on construction projects throughout the empire.
Dealian League
military alliance led by Athens
Xerxes
son of Darius; became Persian king. He vowed revenge on the Athenians. He invaded Greece with 180,000 troops in 480 B.C.
