6sigma final

The Cpk for a process with an average of 100 and a standard deviation (within) of 2 with upper and lower specification limits of 114 and 94 would be?

1

What is the DPU in this example: 423 defects, 7600 units

0.056

The Cp for a process with an average of 100 and a standard deviation (within) of 12 and upper & lower specification limits of 114 and 90 would be?

0.33

Which of the following tools did Kaoru Ishikawa invent?

All of them

A P-chart might be used to display the rate of defectives for this type of capability analysis?

Attribute

What do we need to know to completely describe a normal distribution?

Mean and Variance or Standard Deviation

Which of the following is the one that is not part of the 7 deadly Muda?

Measuring

If extreme outliers exist in a dataset, this would warrant the use of __________ to illustrate the center location.

Median

When a process is proven to function at a 6 sigma level, this means there are less than 3.4 defects per ______ opportunities?

Million

To achieve Six Sigma the DMAIC methodology follows which approach

Use the transfer function Y=f(x)

To understand the CTQ attributes of a product or service, we need to get?

VOC

From the following, select those that are characteristics of a Lean Enterprise

Value Add Zero Waste Flow Flexibility Availability Pull Systems

What is the long-term Sigma with a DPMO of 3.4 and a yield of 99.9996%?

6 Sigma

Lean Principles define _______ forms of waste that should be addressed by a business enterprise.

7

What is the Pareto Rule?

80/20

What is the middle value of a set of data?

Median

Who delivers the input for the CTQ?

Customers

The Mode is the least frequently occurring value in a distribution of data.

False

The essence of Six Sigma is to concentrate on removing waste (Muda) from a process while lowering costs.

False

The only purpose of LEAN is to concentrate efforts on removing variation from a process output and lowering costs

False

If Kappa is equal to 0, the measurement system is excellent?

False

Lean is only about removing waste from the enterprise?

False

Sigma refers to a roman letter that mathematicians use when discussing "average" or "mean"

False

Six Sigma refers to a process whose output has at least 95% of its data points within 6 standard deviations from the mean.

False

Which is the correct Defects per Million Opportunities (DPMO) calculation?

(D/U*O)*1,000,000 Where D=Defects, U=Units, O=Opportunities

In a Variable Gage R&R, the acceptable % contribution of variation attributable to Repeatability and Reproducibility should be less than _____%

10%

Which of the following is not an example of continuous data?

15 out of 47 people left the bus

How many factors are used to calculate RPN?

3

If a process is determined to be operating at a 6 sigma level then the number of defects per million opportunities is?

3.4

For the normal distribution, about _____% of the data fall within +/- 2 standard deviation from the mean?

95

Which of the following best describe Sigma?

A measurement scale upon which improvements can be gauged

Stability, Bias and Linearity define the __________ of a Measurement System

Accuracy

Which of these is not one of the 4 stages of team development?

Adorning

In a MSA, what knowledge needs to be obtained

All answers are correct

What are some LEAN Six Sigma objectives?

All of the above Customer satisfaction Reducing variation Delivering business results Achieving business targets

__________ is the difference between the observed value and the true value of a measurement?

Bias

Who is credited as being the father of Six Sigma?

Bill Smith

How do we summarize continuous data?

Center, Location, Range, Spread etc.

Which is not a characteristic of a successful team?

Complacency exists

A well written problem statement contains all of the following except?

Complete Project Plan

As we conceive and define a LEAN Six Sigma project, one of the overriding objectives we hope to accomplish is to reduce the __________

Cost of Poor Quality

A quality control function was introduced to catch defects before shipment to the customer. The cost of this quality control function is an example of:

Cost related to detection

How do we summarize discrete data?

Counts and proportion

What is the difference between Cp and Cpk?

Cpk takes into account where the mean of the sample is relative to the specification limits

The 5 Principles of Lean are paraphrased below, select the correct 5

Customer Defines Value Identify the Value Stream Manage Toward Perfection Continuous Flow Pull Where Possible

Select all that are desired outcomes of a Six Sigma program or project

Customer Satisfaction Maximize the bottom line for the business Permanently eliminate the root cause of defects

Select all that are desired outcomes of a Six Sigma program or project

Customer Satisfaction Permanently eliminate the root cause of defects Maximize the bottom line for the business

Which are not continuous data?

Customer type

What does DPMO stand for?

Defects per Million Opportunities

Early in a LSS project a Belt may assemble a number of people familiar with the process to identify various ways something could fail and what problems that failure would cause. Which tool would the belt use for this?

FMEA

___________ is an analysis technique to identify, evaluate and prioritize a potential deficiency in a process so that the project team can design action plans to reduce the probability of the failure/deficiency occurring.

FMEA

A reduction in any type of Muda will always reduce outliers and defects?

False

Cause & Effect Diagram provides quantitative analysis of correlation between each cause and the effect.

False

Cp, and Pp take both the variation and the average of the process into consideration when measuring the process capability?

False

The Japanese word for waste is Sieri?

False

What is not a good reason for spending so much time in the Define phase?

Filling out redundant templates, getting unnecessary approvals and completing administrative tasks

Which tool has as its objective as the identification of various potential causes or factors influencing a process output?

Fishbone Diagram

A ________ is a graphical tool to present the distribution of the data

Histogram

What is an X measure?

Input Measure

SIPOC stands for Suppliers, _______, Process, Output and Customers

Inputs

Which of the following measurement is NOT a process capability index?

Kappa

Can you add standard deviations?

No

What is a Y measure?

Output

_________ is when more products are produced than are required by the next function or customer.

Over Production

What type of muda is waste from working more than required, scheduling more capacity than necessary or using resources that are overkill?

Over-Processing

If we produce more than is needed by the next step in the process or more than the customer needs this is an example of which element of waste?

Overproduction

The data analysis technique that separates more important factors, typically in a ratio of 80:20, is ________?

Pareto Analysis

Which are common sources of variation in most measurement systems?

Part to Part Variation Measurement Instrument Reproducibility Repreatability

In most cases, an project team is most autonomous and receives the least amount of direction during which of the following stages?

Performing

If a set of data is very similar in value from point to point yet far off the mark relative to a given target value, this data could be said to be...

Precise but not accurate

In a Measurement System, _______________ is a measure of how tightly grouped a set of data is while ________________is a measure of how close to a target a set of data is.

Precision, Accuracy

The ________ metric is your critical measure, it's the reason for your project, it's your beacon. This metric is the single most important thing to understand in order for you to be successful.

Primary

In order for us to determine the performance of our process at the beginning of a LSS project we must gather data on its long term performance in an "as-is" condition. This is commonly referred to as ______________?

Process Baseline

A ________ is a graphical representation of a process flow

Process Map

Specifically in Six Sigma, intentional changes in process performance comes from changing and controlling:

Process inputs

Some of the core concepts of Lean is to concentrate effort on removing waste, improving flow, and achieving ___________

Pull

Which is not an example of hard savings?

Regaining Lost Sales

Variation in measurements made by different appraisers using the same measuring instrument when measuring identical objects is referred to as?

Reproducibility

Which of the following items is not related to the accuracy of the measurement system?

Reproducibility

In an MSA, total variability is from

Reproducibility + Repeatability + Parts

Motorola was the birthplace for the practice of?

Six Sigma

SIPOC is an acronym using which words?

Suppliers Inputs Process Outputs Customers

When a Belt adds information to a Process Map that defines which department is responsible for the various activities displayed, it could be referred to as _____________?

Swim Lanes

How is variance calculated?

The average squared distance of each data point from the mean

"Why is the following not a well written problem statement?During 2015 the average cycle time for a Detroit factory product named "AK23" was too slow. The goal of this project is to reduce "Ak23" cycle time.

The gap to goal and cost of poor quality is not identified The metric target or goal is not identified There is no timeline associated with the project goal There is no metric baseline

A process operating at 6 Sigma will only generate 3.4 defects per million opportunities?

True

Continuous variables are measured, Discrete variables are counted?

True

Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ) can involve both Hard and Soft Costs.

True

Hard costs and soft costs are two types of COPQ

True

Lean and Six Sigma are Both focused on Quality & Value for the customer?

True

Median is the middle value in a set of data?

True

Mode is the value in a data set that occurs most frequently?

True

Performance within the Upper Specification Limit (USL) and the Lower Specification Limit (LSL) will make a customer satisfied?

True

Process stability is a prerequisite for process capability analysis?

True

The Japanese word for waste is Muda?

True

The higher a Sigma level the better?

True

Profit and market share would be the concern of which of the following?

Voice of the Business

Much of the efforts in a LEAN Six Sigma project are driven by a concept called VOC which stands for:

Voice of the Customer

How should CTQ's not be establsihed?

What you think the customer wants

The output of any process is comprised of the various inputs to that process. This concept is best expressed with which of the following formulas?

Y= f(X1 +X2 +Xn)

"Is the following problem statement well constructed?During 2012 the average cycle time for a Michigan factory product named "B352" was 237 seconds vs. a target of 218 seconds representing a gap of 19 seconds over target, costing the company $9356 per month or $112k per year. The goal of this project is to reduce "B352" cycle time to 218 seconds by the end of Q3 2013.

Yes