7 - Cranial Nerves and Brain Component

Cranial Nerve pair IX

Glossopharyngeal Nerves

Cranial Nerve Pair III

Oculomotor Nerves

Cranial Nerve Pairs IV & VI

Trochlear Nerves & Abducens Nerves

Olfactory Nerves

carries the SENSORY information for the special sense of smell

To test the motor function of the spinal accessory nerve as it relates to the TRAPEZIUS

-apply pressure to the subject's shoulders while he or she is seated and ask him or her to shrug the shoulders

To test the SENSORY function of the facial nerve

-ask subject to take the Pepsi vs. Coke taste test

Spinal Accessory Nerves

-conducts MOTOR information to muscles of the neck that move the head, specifically to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

Hypoglossal Nerves

-conducts MOTOR information to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

To test the SOMATIC MOTOR portion of the Vagus Nerve

-hold your hand over your throat and swallow, palpitating the structures that make up the pharynx -all visceral function signs of injury include: hoarseness in voice, difficulty swallowing, deviation of the uvula to one side of the pharynx

Cranial Nerve VII

Facial Nerves

To test the motor functionality of Trochlear Nerves & Abducens Nerves

Holding your index finger approximately one foot in front of the subject's face. Instruct the subject to follow your finger as you move your finger up and down, side to side, and diagonally

Cranial Nerve Pair XII

Hypoglossal Nerves

Why does the blind spot test work?

No photoreceptors in the area because optic nerve is running through area

Cranial Nerve Pair I

Olfactory Nerves

Cranial nerve V

Trigeminal Nerves

Cranial Nerve Pair X

Vagus nerve

Cranial nerve pair VIII

Vestibulocochlear nerve pair conducts SENSORY signals to the brain regarding equilibrium (balance) and audition (hearing)

Trochlear Nerves & Abducens Nerves

conduct MOTOR information to 2 of the 6 extra ocular eye muscles that move the eyeballs. trochlear: innervates the superior oblique muscle abducens: innervates the extra ocular eye muscles

Vagus Nerve

considered a MIXED nerve because it has both sensory and motor function. -conducts VISCERAL SENSORY information from the heart, lungs, and most abdominal organs -conducts GENERAL SENSORY information from the laryngopharynx and pharynx -conducts SOMATIC MOTOR information to skeletal muscles in the pharynx and larynx -conducts VISCERAL MOTOR information to smooth muscle in the organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities

To test the MOTOR function of the trigeminal nerve pair

instruct the subject to elevate and depress his or her mandible and to move his or her mandible from side to side

olfactory optic oculomotor trochlear trigeminal abducens facial vestibulocochlear glossopharyngeal vagus nerves spinal accessory hypoglossal

sensory sensory motor motor both motor both sensory both both motor motor

(LR6 SO4)3

Lateral rectus - controlled by 6 (abducens) Superior oblique - controlled by 4 (trochlear) all others are controlled by 3rd (oculomotor nerves)

Cranial Nerve Pair II

Optic Nerves

To test Olfactory Nerves

close eyes, waft series of substances under his or her nose & ask them to identify odor

Trigeminal Nerves

considered a MIXED nerve because it has both SENSORY and MOTOR functions -conducts general SENSORY information from the scalp, forehead, nose, cheeks, lower jaw, gums, & teeth. -conducts MOTOR information to skeletal muscles involved in mastication (chewing) innervates the masseter & temporalis

To name cranial nerves *o* *o* *o* *t*o *t*ouch *a*nd *f*eel *v*ery *g*ood *v*elvet *s*uch *h*eaven

- olfactory optic oculomotor trochlear trigeminal abducens facial vestibulocochlear glossopharyngeal vagus nerves spinal accessory hypoglossal

Function of cranial nerve *s*ome *s*ay *m*oney *m*atters *b*ut *m*y *b*rother *s*ays *b*ig *b*oobs *m*atter *m*ore

- sensory sensory motor motor both motor both sensory both both motor motor

To test the SENSORY function of the trigeminal nerve pair

-Instruct the subject to close his/her eyes while poking the skin of his or her forehead with your finger. Have the subject indicate when he or she felt the sensation by saying, "now". Repeat the procedure for the cheek and the mandible.

To test the motor functionality of the oculomotor nerve pair

-Instruct the subject to follow your finger with their eyes as you move it up and down, side to side, and diagonally. (Usually tested with IV & VI for fluid eye movement) -Shine a pen light into the subject's right eye and observe constriction of the pupil in that same eye (*direct light reflex*) -Shine a penlight into the subject's right eye and observe constriction of the pupil in the opposite eye (*consensual light reflex*) -Test the subject's ability to focus (*accommodation reflex*) by having them stare at the "Magic Eye" pictures until the 3-D objects appear

To test optic nerves

-Read the time off the clock with both eyes. Do the same with each eye individually -Close your eyes and gently press the side of your eye. What do you see? -Perform the blind spot test (x on a sheet of paper) -Perform the test for colorblindness

To test the MOTOR function of the facial nerve

-instruct the subject to perform the following actions: pucker the lips, wink the eye, puff the cheeks, and smile.

To test the motor function of hypoglossal nerve pair

-instruct the subject to stick the tongue straight out -observe the movement of the tongue and check for any deviation to the left or right -instruct the subject to move the tongue to the left and then to the right -observe the movement of the tongue -instruct the subject to retract the tongue and close the mouth

To test the VESTIBULAR function of CN VIII

-spin the subject in a chair for about ten to fifteen seconds. Stop the chair and immediately observe the oscillations of the subject's eyeball. This eye movement occurring for a few moments after rotation of the head referred to as nystagmus. Nystagmus shouldend fairly quickly after after spinning in the chair has stopped.

To test the motor function of the spinal accessory nerve as it relates to the STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID

-using your hand, apply pressure to the side of the subject's head and instruct him or her to resist the pressure from your hand -repeat step 1 on the opposite side of the head -using your hand, apply pressure to the subject's forehead and instruct him or her to resist the pressure from your hand

To test Glossopharyngeal nerves

-while depressing the subjects tongue with a tongue depressor, lightly touch the side walls of the subjects pharynx with a cotton tipped applicator -observe the movement of the uvula and pharynx

Facial nerve

Considered a MIXED nerve pair because it has both SENSORY and MOTOR functions. -conducts SENSORY taste information from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue for the special sense of taste. - conducts MOTOR information to the muscles responsible for facial expressions Innervate the zygomaticus major and or orvicularis oris

The Glossopharyngeal nerve

Considered a MIXED nerve pair because it has both sensory and motor functions. -conducts SENSORY taste information from the posterior one third of the tongue. -conducts sensory information from the pharyngeal walls to the brain. -conducts MOTOR information to the stylopharyngeus muscle of the throat to allow for the elevation of the pharynx during swallowing.

Cranial Nerve Pair XI

Spinal Accessory Nerves

To test the COCHLEAR function of this nerve pair

Stand behind the seated subject holding a tuning fork. Ask the subject to close his or her eyes. Strike the timing fork on the sole of your shoe and hold the tuning fork behind one of the subjects ears. Ask subject to identify the location of the sound.

Oculomotor Nerves

has many MOTOR functions -conducts MOTOR information to the 4 of 6 extra ocular eye muscles that control movement of eyeball. -conducts MOTOR information to the intraocular eye muscles control the size of pupil -conducts MOTOR information to the intraocular eye muscles that control the shape of the lens innervate all the other extra ocular eye muscles: superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique

Optic Nerves

transmits SENSORY visual information from the retina to the brain for the special sense of sight