7.1: The Rise of Rome

Etruscan Kings

- From 616 - 579 B.C., L. Tarquinius Priscus (5th king of Rome) - From 578-535 B.C., Servius Tullus (created the first census) - From 534 - 510 B.C., Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin the Proud) was the last Etruscan king

Hannibal Barca

Carthaginian General who invaded northern Italy by bringing elephants over the Alps

Roman Republic

The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate.

Tiber River

The river where Rome was founded.

Latins

An ancient people living in the region of Latium, Italy. Herders and farmers who lived in settlements consisting of huts on the tops of Rome's seven hills.

Second Punic War

218 B.C. - 202 B.C., Hannibal decides to attack Rome, Sneaks through Gaul with 60,000 troops and 60 Elephants, Wreaks havoc in Rome for 15 years, Roman general named Scipio attacked Carthage making Hannibal come back to Carthage

First Punic War

264 B.C. - 241 B.C., Rome and Carthage fought over island of Sicily, was a naval war, Rome was losing because they did not have a good navy, Romans figured out how to board the Carthage ships and fight them there, Romans gained control of Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia (Islands)

Gladiator

A Roman athlete, usually a slave, criminal, or prisoner of war, who was forced to fight for the entertainment of the public

Roman Senate

A council whose members were the heads of wealthy, landowning families. Originally an advisory body to the early kings, in the era of the Roman Republic the Senate effectively governed the Roman state and the growing empire.

Struggle of the Orders

A great social conflict that developed between patricians and plebeians; the plebeians wanted real political representation and safeguards against patrician domination.

Roman citizenship

A specific social status granted by the Roman government that granted privileges regarding governance, property, and respect towards law. They had the right to vote, own property, contracts, and the right to marry Roman citizen. They were freed from property tax, and protected from arbitrary arrest and violence.

Patrician

In ancient Rome, a member of the privileged upper class.

Greeks and Etruscans

Two groups that greatly influence Roman culture.

Consuls

Two officials from the patrician class were appointed each year of the Roman Republic to supervise the government and command the armies

Penninsula

a body of land with water surrounding it on three sides.

Apennines

a mountain range extending the length of the Italian peninsula

Praetor

an official of the Roman Republic in charge of enforcing civil law

Plebian

an ordinary citizen in the ancient Roman republic

Twelve Tables of Rome

codified Roman laws; included concept of "innocent until proven guilty"; the codification of Roman law during the republic

Third Punic War (149-146 BC)

ended with the obliteration of Carthage; Romans sold Carthage as a new providence called Africa