8- 6 questions

Define the concept of values

Abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior; relatively stable

Define the concept of attitudes and list/describe the three main components of an attitude

Evaluations, feelings, or opinions about people, places, and objects; Range from positive to negative; Important because they impact behavior 1. Cognitive: an evaluation; "I think" 2. Affective: a feeling; "I feel" 3. Behavioral: an action, an intention to act; "I intend"

Describe Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior

Psychologist I. Ajzen - explored the reasons our attitudes and behavior can be misaligned. He developed and refined a model focusing on intentions as the key link between attitudes and planned behavior. Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior: 3 key general motives predict or at least influence intention and behavior. Attitude toward the behavior: the degree to which a person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the behavior in question. Subjective norm: a social factor representing the perceived social pressure for or against the behavior. Perceived behavioral control: the perceived ease or difficulty of performing the behavior, assumed to reflect past experiences and anticipated obstacles.

Describe the concept of cognitive dissonance and how it can be reduced

psychological discomfort experienced when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions (ideas, values, or emotions) Ex: (a person who is helpful deciding they can't help everyone.) Cognitive Dissonance is reduced by: Changing attitude, behavior, or both Belittling the importance of the inconsistent behavior Find consonant elements that outweigh dissonant ones

5. Describe the relationships between job satisfaction and the following outcomes: motivation, job involvement, withdraw cognitions, perceived stress, job performance, organizational citizenship behavior, counterproductive work behavior and turnover

• Motivation (increase): psychological process that arouses interest in doing something, and it directs and guides behavior • Job Involvement (increase): the extent to which an individual is personally involved with his or her work role • Withdraw Cognitions (decrease): an individual's overall thoughts and feelings about quitting • Perceived Stress (decrease): negative effects on many different OB-related outcomes • Job Performance (increase): job satisfaction and job performance are moderately related, and the relationship is complex. Both variables indirectly influence each other; Incomplete measure of individual-level performance understate the relationship between the variables; More accurate to consider the variables on a business unit level • Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) (increase): Individual behavior that is discretionary; not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system; In aggregate, promotes effective functioning of the organization • Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB) (decrease): behavior that harms other employees, the organization as a whole, or organizational stakeholders such as customers and shareholders • Turnover (decrease): can be positive if poor performers are leaving and negative if good employees leave

List the main causes of job satisfaction

• Need fulfillment, met expectations, value attainment, equity, dispositional/genetic components

Describe the following key job attitudes: organizational commitment, employee engagement, perceived organizational support, and job satisfaction

• Organizational Commitment: The extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals • Employee Engagement: the harnessing of organizational members' selves to their work roles; where people employ and express themselves physically, cognitively, and emotionally during role performance • Perceived Organizational Support: Reflect the extent to which employees believe that the organization values their contributions and cares about their well being • Job Satisfaction: An affective or emotional response towards various facets of one's job; the extent to which an individual likes his or her job