8.L.1.1

Study the table of Hepatitis A cases reported in California. Using this data, what year was the Hepatitis A vaccine most likely introduced? a. 1998 b. 2005

a. 1998

A type of medicine used to treat and prevent the spread of a virus/viral infection. a. Anti-Viral b. Transmit c. Vaccine d. Pathogen

a. Anti-Viral

A type of medicine that kills or slows the growth of bacteria/bacterial infections. a. Antibiotic b. Anti-viral c. Pathogen d. Virus

a. Antibiotic

What can be concluded from the results? a. Antibiotic A is the most effective as all the bacteria were killed. b. Antibiotic D is the most effective as the number of bacteria declined faster.

a. Antibiotic A is the most effective as all the bacteria were killed.

Which is true regarding bacterial and viral infections? a. Bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics, while viral infections can be prevented through use of vaccines. b. Viral infections are treated with vaccines, while bacterial infections are prevented through use of antibiotics. c. Viral infections are treated with antibiotics, while bacterial infections are treated with vaccines. d. Both viral infections and bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics.

a. Bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics, while viral infections can be prevented through use of vaccines.

Which cause athlete's foot, ringworm, and thrush? a. Fungi b. Virus

a. Fungi

Which would most likely prevent a cold virus from spreading through a classroom? a. Have all students wash their hands regularly with soap. b. Have all students wipe desk with dry paper towel at end of class

a. Have all students wash their hands regularly with soap.

The term pandemic normally is used to indicate a far _________ number of people affected and to a much __________ region being affected than an epidemic. a. Higher, Larger b. Larger, Higher c. Higher, Smaller d. Smaller, Higher

a. Higher, Larger

The actual organism (i.e. animal or plant) in/on which a parasite lives. a. Host b. Host Cell c. Mutation d. Vector

a. Host

Which of the following would NOT be effected by taking an antibiotic? a. Influenza b. Strep Throat c. Lyme Disease d. Staph Infection

a. Influenza

An organism that lives in or and another organisms and benefits at the other organism's expense (for example, using the tissues or fluids of its host to survive). a. Parasite b. Host c. Host Cell d. Vaccine

a. Parasite

The diagram shows the results of an experiment where two antibiotics (penicillin and kanamycin) were tested on the growth of bacteria. Which conclusion best supports the data shown? a. Penicillin prevents the growth of the bacteria tested. b. Kanamycin prevents the growth of the bacteria tested

a. Penicillin prevents the growth of the bacteria tested.

A vector is an organism that is a different__________ that spreads disease. a. Species b. SARS c. Mosquitoes d. Pathogen

a. Species

A group of friends attended a festival where food was served. After the event, several individuals developed the same symptoms: nausea, vomiting, and stomach cramps. The table shows the foods eaten and the people who became sick. Which explanation most likely describes how the people became sick? a. The barbecue sandwiches were improperly cooked and caused food poisoning. b. Tom contracted a virus and spread it to the other individuals who also became sick.

a. The barbecue sandwiches were improperly cooked and caused food poisoning.

What do viruses need to be able to reproduce? a. The virus must be inside a living cell. b. The virus must be a pathogen.

a. The virus must be inside a living cell.

Which characteristic makes bacteria suitable for scientific research of disease? a. They reproduce rapidly. b. They keep virus populations under control. c. They grow in four stages allowing growth control. d. They are multicellular.

a. They reproduce rapidly.

A pathogen that is a microscopic core of genetic material surrounded by a protein coating. This type of pathogen requires a host cell to replicate. a. Virus b. Pathogen c. Bacteria d. Host Cell

a. Virus

An Ebola epidemic occurred in several West African countries in 2014. Which pathogen causes Ebola? a. Virus b. Bacteria

a. Virus

__________________ is an organization that acts on matters of international health partners with other organizations to ensure proper global health. a. WHO-World Health Organization b. Global Travel c. SARS d. Immunizations

a. WHO-World Health Organization

Humans with HIV can transmit the HIV virus to other humans even though they do not show the symptoms of the disease. Which term best describes an individual who can pass along HIV without appearing sick? a. carrier b. vector

a. carrier

Fungi that get their food from the remains of dead organisms are known as a. decomposers b. producers

a. decomposers

Diseases that can be transmitted between organisms are a. infectious b. inherited

a. infectious

How could a hospital best handle a case of a person infected with an antibiotic-resistant disease? a. isolate the person b. send the person home c. give them more antibiotics d. move them to intensive care

a. isolate the person

The purpose of giving a person a vaccine is to a. stimulate an immune response and antibody creation b. introduce chemicals that destroy viruses.

a. stimulate an immune response and antibody creation

When a previously uninfected human becomes infected with malaria, which best describes the mosquito? a. vector b. host

a. vector

Which best explains why antibiotics are ineffective in treating viral infections? a. Viruses destroy the antibiotic. b. Antibiotics only kill living cells. c. Antibiotics increase the rate of viral growth. d. Viruses escape antibiotics by hiding in cells.

b. Antibiotics only kill living cells.

A unicellular (one-celled) or multicellular (many-celled) organism. Most of this type of pathogen that cause disease are unicellular, such as yeasts, molds, and mildews. a. Bacteria b. Fungus c. Vaccine d. Antibiotic

b. Fungus

Which has made the possibility of an epidemic becoming a pandemic much more likely in the 20th century? a. Ice Hockey b. Global Travel c. Train Travel d. Immunizations

b. Global Travel

Which disease is caused by living organisms? a. Cold b. Malaria c. Smallpox d. Influenza

b. Malaria

Viruses____________ and change, making it difficult to create vaccines for all of their strains. a. Adapt b. Mutate c. Prevent d. Pathogen

b. Mutate

A microorganism that causes disease. There are 4 major types: viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. a. Virus b. Pathogen c. Fungi d. Bacteria

b. Pathogen

Which disease is caused by living organisms? a. Ebola b. Plague

b. Plague

Bobby went to the doctor complaining of a cough, fever and body aches. He was diagnosed with a viral infection. What is the best course of treatment the doctor can prescribe? a. Antibiotics for 10 days b. Rest, plenty of fluids and over the counter medications to relieve symptoms

b. Rest, plenty of fluids and over the counter medications to relieve symptoms

Which leads to the conclusion that strep throat is a bacterial infection? a. Strep throat is treated with vaccines. b. Strep throat is treated with antibiotics.

b. Strep throat is treated with antibiotics.

Which best explains why doctors advise their patients to be vaccinated against the flu each year? a. The flu vaccine given each year combines the flu vaccines given over the past five years. b. The flu vaccine is developed based on the mutation of the virus and the chance of it becoming a new strain

b. The flu vaccine is developed based on the mutation of the virus and the chance of it becoming a new strain

In 1918, an outbreak of influenza infected 500,000 people all over the world. Tens of millions of those infected died. In 1994, an outbreak of pneumonic plague spread quickly through the city of Surat in India, killing 52 people. Which statement best describes the two events? a. The influenza outbreak was an epidemic. The plague outbreak was a pandemic b. The influenza outbreak was a pandemic. The plague outbreak was an epidemic.

b. The influenza outbreak was a pandemic. The plague outbreak was an epidemic.

Which best describes how viruses affect many organisms? a. They provide energy to the organisms. b. They cause disease in the organisms. c. They reduce heat energy in the organisms. d. They increase reproduction in the organisms.

b. They cause disease in the organisms.

To spread from one location or individual to another. a. Host b. Transmit c. Parsite d. Vector

b. Transmit

Which of the following is the best way to prevent a viral disease from becoming an epidemic? a. Ensure everyone washes their hands b. Vaccinate a majority of the population c. Give everyone antibiotics d. Make everyone stay inside

b. Vaccinate a majority of the population

Why do some antibiotics become ineffective over time? a. because they only kill certain viruses b. because they are overused for treatments

b. because they are overused for treatments

What is the principle role of the structures indicated by the arrows? a. disease transmission b. to help attach to a host cell

b. to help attach to a host cell

A person who has a pathogen who is immune but can pass it on is a ___________________. a. Vector b. Pathogen c. Carrier d. Quarantines

c. Carrier

Transmission of a disease from one infected person to another. a. Carrier b. Vector c. Contagion d. Pathogen

c. Contagion

Immunity is the ability for our bodies to fight off_________________ pathogens. a. Fun b. Mutant c. Dangerous d. Healthy

c. Dangerous

Which is true about viruses? a. Each virus has its own seasonal activity. b. Each virus is transmitted through the air. c. Each virus has its own shape and structure. d. Each virus is transmitted through poor sanitation.

c. Each virus has its own shape and structure.

Living cell that is "taken over" by a virus. The virus uses this cell to actively replicate (copy itself). a. Parasite b. Virus c. Host Cell d. Mutation

c. Host Cell

Any change in the genetic material of a cell or virus. a. Host b. Vector c. Mutation d. Parasite

c. Mutation

_____________ was an epidemic outbreak in Asia in 2003 and killed more than 800 people. a. Influenza b. HIV/AIDS c. SARS d. Immunizations

c. SARS

How does the structure of a virus compare to that of a bacterium? a. They are both multicellular and living. b. They are both single-celled and nonliving. c. The virus is nonliving so it has no cells, whereas the bacterium is single-celled. d. The bacterium is nonliving, so it has no cells, whereas the virus is single-celled.

c. The virus is nonliving so it has no cells, whereas the bacterium is single-celled.

Which is the best way to prevent the spread of pathogens? a. Wear gloves while outside. b. Educate the public about disease transmission. c. Wash hands frequently with antibacterial soap. d. Stay at home during flu season whenever possible.

c. Wash hands frequently with antibacterial soap.

How do viruses cause disease? a. by secreting toxins b. by producing excess waste c. by damaging or killing cells d. by competing with healthy cells for nutrients

c. by damaging or killing cells

Which best describes how athlete's foot is spread to other individuals? a. inhaling fungal spores in the air b. eating food contaminated with fungus c. having contact with fungus on a shower floor d. swimming in a lake that has a large amount of algae

c. having contact with fungus on a shower floor

Which human disease is caused by a parasitic infection? a. Cancer b. Flu c. Athlete's foot d. African Sleeping Sickness

d. African Sleeping Sickness

Unicellular (one-celled), prokaryotic organisms that can cause disease. There are 3 main shapes: Spirilla (spiral shaped), Baccilus (rod-shaped), and Cocci (round/sphere-shaped). a. Vaccine b. Virus c. Host d. Bacteria

d. Bacteria

__________________ is a pandemic that affects people worldwide. a. Small pox b. SARS c. Cancer d. HIV/ AIDS

d. HIV/ AIDS

The vector associated with the West Nile Virus. a. Dogs b. Amoeba c. Tape Worms d. Mosquitoes

d. Mosquitoes

Sudden or violent start of something unwelcome; disease. a. Dangerous b. Pandemic c. Epidemic d. Outbreak

d. Outbreak

The WHO has an influenza_________________ that has 6 different phases ranging from a low risk of pandemic to a full-blown pandemic. a. Epidemic Alert System b. World Health Alert c. U.S. Alert System d. Pandemic Alert System

d. Pandemic Alert System

A weakened or inactive version of a pathogen that stimulates the body's production of antibodies which can aid in destroying the pathogen a. Antibiotic b. Anti-viral c. Replicate d. Vaccine

d. Vaccine

An organism that transmits pathogens from one host to another, however is not affected by the pathogen itself a. Host b. Host Cell c. Parasite d. Vector

d. Vector

Which is most often used to destroy bacteria? a. fungus b. vitamin c. vaccine d. antibiotic

d. antibiotic

A doctor prescribed an antibiotic to treat an illness. Which type of illness did the doctor most likely treat? a. Cancer b. heart disease c. viral infection d. bacterial infection

d. bacterial infection

Ten people became sick with the flu after attending a school dance. What is the scenario that could best explain how the people got sick? a. contact with environmental sources b. contact with an infected animal c. contact with a contaminated object d. contact with an infected person

d. contact with an infected person

Which pathogen cause athlete's foot, ringworm, and thrush? a. parasite b. virus c. bacteria d. fungi

d. fungi