A & P 2 Lab Quiz 2

Which part of the human body regulates temperature? a. the heart b. the hypothalamus c. the thyroid gland d. the anterior pituitary gland

b. the hypothalamus

If the human heart were experiencing hyperthermia, what do you think would be the effect on the heart rate? a. The heart rate would increase and then return to normal. b. The heart rate would not change. c. The heart rate would decrease. d. The heart rate would increase.

d. The heart rate would increase.

The normal pacemaker of the heart is the __________. a. SA node b. subendocardial conducting network (Purkinje fibers) c. bundle branches d. AV node e. AV bundle

a. SA nodes

Excessive vagal stimulation of the heart will result in _______. a. a decrease in heart rate and, eventually, a temporary cessation of the heartbeat b. a decrease in the force of contraction c. an increase in heart rate d. an increase in the force of contraction

a. a decrease in heart rate and, eventually, a temporary cessation of the heartbeat

Research shows that in the absence of neural and hormonal influences, the SA node generates action potentials at a frequency of about 100 times per minute. However, the resting heart rate is about 70 beats per minute. What would the approximate heartrate be if the vagus nerve were severed? a. about 100 beats per minutes b. lower than 70 beats per minute c. faster than 100 beats per minute d. about 70 beats per minute

a. about 100 beats per minutes

The trabeculae carneae are located in the __________. a. ventricles b. endocardium c. atria d. epicardium

a. ventricles

The P wave of an electrocardiogram represents __________. a. ventricular repolarization b. ventricular depolarization c. atrial repolarization d. atrial depolarization

d. atrial depolarization

Ringer's solution contains which of the following? a. cations b. electrolytes c. anions d. cations, anions and electrolytes

d. cations, anions and electrolytes

With respect to heart rate, which of the following worked in opposition to each other? a. digitalis and pilocarpine as well as atropine and epinephrine b. digitalis and pilocarpine c. atropine and epinephrine d. digitalis and atropine

d. digitalis and atropine

Baroreceptors are effective in long-term regulation of blood pressure. True False

False

If the net filtration pressure (NFP) is positive, then fluid is reabsorbed into the blood. True False

False

In the fetus, blood from the left and right sides of the heart normally mix. True False

Truex

What do these do: a. diastolic pressure b. mean arterial pressure c. pulse pressure d. systolic pressure

a. lowest level of aortic pressure b. pressure that propels blood through the tissues c. the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures d. peak of aortic pressure

Hypertension is defined physiologically as a condition of sustained arterial pressure of __________ or higher. a. 140/90 b. 130/80 c. 130/90 d. 120/80

a. 140/90

Muscarine is a poison found in poisonous mushrooms. Muscarine binds to acetylcholine receptors and mimics its action. Which of the following describes the effect of muscarine? a. Like pilocarpine, it decreases the heart rate. b. Like atropine, it increases the heart rate. c. Like atropine, it decreases the heart rate. d. Like pilocarpine, it increases the heart rate.

a. Like pilocarpine, it decreases the heart rate.

Cardiogenic shock is most likely to result from __________. a. multiple heart attacks b. large-scale blood loss c. a systemic allergic reaction d. a severe bacterial infection

a. multiple heart attacks

What do each of these do: a. stretch of vascular smooth muscle b. nitric oxide c. sympathetic impulses d. angiotensin II

a. myogenic control of blood flow b. metabolic control of blood flow c. nervous system control of blood flow d. hormonal control of blood flow

The cardiac cell plasma membrane is most permeable to _______________________. a. potassium b. calcium c. sodium d. It is equally permeable to all ions.

a. potassium

What effect does potassium have on the resting membrane potential of the cardiac cell? a. Increasing intracellular potassium causes the resting membrane potential to become more positive. b. Increasing extracellular potassium causes the resting membrane potential to become more positive. c. Changes in potassium have no effect on the resting membrane potential. d. Increasing extracellular potassium causes the resting membrane potential to become more negative.

b. Increasing extracellular potassium causes the resting membrane potential to become more positive.

The coronary arteries arise from the __________. a. right atrium b. aorta c. inferior vena cava d. pulmonary trunk e. superior vena cava

b. aorta

The effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the heart is to _______. a. decrease the heart rate and decrease the force of contraction b. increase the heart rate and increase the force of contraction c. decrease the heart rate d. increase the heart rate

b. increase the heart rate and increase the force of contraction

When would the capillary beds surrounding the gastrointestinal organs be open? a. while sleeping b. when digesting a meal c. during exercise d. between meals

b. when digesting a meal

Which of the following is true when comparing arteries and veins? a. Arteries have valves; veins do not. b. At any given time, there is more blood present in arteries than in veins. c. Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood to the heart. d. Arteries are less muscular than veins.

c. Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood to the heart.

Which of the following valves is most often faulty in the heart? a. the tricuspid valve b. the pulmonary semilunar valve c. the mitral, or bicuspid valve d. the aortic semilunar valve

c. the mitral, or bicuspid valve

Which of the following is a difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle? a. Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is not striated. b. Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle does not use a sliding filament mechanism for contraction. c. Unlike skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells can be autorhythmic. d. Unlike skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells do not rely on calcium ions for contraction.

c. unlike skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells can be autorhythmic

Which is the correct sequence of layers in the heart wall, starting with the outer layer? a. endocardium, epicardium, myocardium b. myocardium, pericardium, endocardium c. endocardium, smooth muscle, epicardium d. parietal pericardium, myocardium, endocardium e. epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

e. epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

The contractile cardiac muscle fibers of the myocardium behave as a single, coordinated unit called a __________. a. cardiac cycle b. contractile unit c. sarcomere d. pacemaker e. functional syncytium

e. functional syncytium

The noncontractile cardiac muscle cells that initiate their own depolarization and cause depolarization of the rest of the heart are called __________. a. gap junctions b. cardioinhibitory centers c. desmosomes d. intercalated discs e. pacemaker cells

e. pacemaker cells

The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the __________. a. left ventricle b. aorta c. right ventricle d. left atrium e. right atrium

e. right atrium

When the cardiac muscle cell is at rest, the concentration of _____________ is greater on the outside of the cell. a. potassium b. sodium c. calcium d. potassium and sodium e. sodium and calcium

e. sodium and calcium

When vagus nerve stimulation was applied to the frog heart, _______. a. the force of contraction increased and the heart rate slowed and eventually stopped b. the force of contraction decreased and the heart rate slowed and eventually stopped c. the force of contraction decreased d. the force of contraction increased e. the heart rate slowed and eventually stopped

e. the heart rate slowed and eventually stopped

The structure just deep to the fibrous pericardium is the __________. a. myocardium b. visceral layer of the serous pericardium c. endocardium d. diaphragm e. epicardium f. parietal layer of the serous pericardium

f. parietal layer of the serous pericardium

The sinoatrial node has receptors for _______. a. acetylcholine, epinephrine and norepinephrine b. epinephrine c. epinephrine and norepinephrine d. acetylcholine e. norepinephrine

a. acetylcholine, epinephrine and norepinephrine

The doublet that results with more frequent stimulation of the frog heart represents _______. a. an extrasystole and an extra contraction of the ventricles b. an extra contraction of the ventricles c. an extrasystole d. an extra contraction of the atria e. an extrasystole and an extra contraction of the atria

a. an extrasystole and an extra contraction of the ventricles

Which of the following acts on the kidneys and blood vessels to raise blood pressure? a. antidiuretic hormone b. atrial natriuretic peptide c. angiotensin II d. epinephrine

a. antidiuretic hormone

An adrenergic drug that worked in opposition to epinephrine would _______. a. be an antagonist and decrease heart rate b. increase heart rate c. be an agonist and increase heart rate d. decrease heart rate

a. be an antagonist and decrease heart rate

The second heart sound (the "dup" of "lub-dup") is caused by the __________. a. closure of the semilunar valves b. closure of the atrioventricular valves c. opening of the atrioventricular valves d. opening of the semilunar valves

a. closure of the semilunar valves

The vessels that exhibit the lowest level of permeability are the __________. a. continuous capillaries b. sinusoid capillaries c. fenestrated capillaries d. capillaries found in the glomerulus of the kidney

a. continuous capillaries

what do each of these mean: a. systole b. cardiac cycle c. cardiac output d. stroke volume e. diastole

a. contraction b. the events associated with blood flow through the heart during one complete heartbeat c. the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute d. the volume of blood pumped by one ventricle with each heartbeat e. relaxation

The lining of the heart chambers is called the __________. a. endocardium b. myocardium c. pericardium d. epicardium

a. endocardium

Which of the following affect heart rate through the use of a cAMP (second messenger) system? a. epinephrine and norepinephrine b. acetylcholine, epinephrine and norepinephrine c. acetylcholine d. epinephrine e. norepinephrine

a. epinephrine and norepinephrine

When multiple stimuli were applied at 20 stimuli/sec, _______. a. extrasystoles were produced b. atrial contractions completely disappeared c. fused tetanus occurred d. triplets representing three ventricular contractions occurred

a. extrasystoles were produced

Fluids are likely to leave or filter out of the capillary if __________. a. net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is greater than net osmotic pressure (OP) b. net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is less than net osmotic pressure (OP) c. osmotic pressure (OP) in the capillary is high d. net filtration pressure (NFP) is negative

a. net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is greater than net osmotic pressure (OP)

The repolarization of cardiac muscle is due to _______. a. potassium exiting the cell b. potassium entering the cell c. sodium exiting the cell d. sodium entering the cell

a. potassium exiting the cell

The tricuspid valve is located between the __________. a. right atrium and right ventricle b. right and left ventricles c. left atrium and left ventricle d. right and left atria e. right ventricle and the aorta

a. right atrium and right ventricle

From the perspective of blood returning from the systemic circuit, identify the correct sequence of blood flow through the chambers of the heart. a. right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle b. lungs, right ventricle, left ventricle, right atrium, left atrium c. left ventricle, left atrium, lungs, right ventricle, right atrium d. right ventricle, left ventricle, left atrium, lungs, right atrium e. left atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle, right atrium, lungs

a. right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle

During pulmonary circulation, blood leaves the __________. a. right ventricle and flows directly to the lungs b. left ventricle and flows directly to the lungs c. right atrium and flows directly to the lungs d. right atrium and flows directly to the left ventricle e. right ventricle and flows directly to the aorta

a. right ventricle and flow directly to the lungs

What do the following terms to do? a. anterior interventricular artery b. right marginal artery c. circumflex artery d. posterior interventricular artery

a. supplies blood to the interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles b. supplies blood to the lateral right side of the myocardium c. supplies blood to the left atrium and posterior walls of the left ventricle d. runs to the apex of the heart

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the shape, position, and location of the heart? a. The heart is enclosed in a double-layered sac called the pleural membrane. b. Approximately two-thirds of the heart is found to the left of the midline. c. The heart is shaped like a cone with the base facing the right shoulder. d. The heart is located between the two lungs within the mediastinum.

a. the heart is enclosed in a double-layered sac called the pleural membrane

What part of the heart is considered the systemic circuit pump? a. the left ventricle b. the right ventricle c. the pericardium d. the right atrium

a. the left ventricle

The cardiac cycle includes all of the following events EXCEPT __________. a. the number of times the heart beats in one minute b. the closing and opening of the heart valves during each heartbeat c. the movement of impulse from the SA node to all regions of the heart wall d. the changes in pressure gradients in all chambers of the heart e. the changes in blood volume in all chambers of the heart

a. the number of times the heart beats in one minute

The __________ nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to the sinoatrial (SA) node. a. vagus b. hypoglossal c. accessory d. facial

a. vagus

What do each of the following terms do. a. tricuspid valve b. pulmonary semilunar valve c. mitral (bicuspid) valve d. aortic semilunar valve

a. valve between the right atrium and right ventricle b. prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle c. valve between the left atrium and left ventricle d. prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle

When the ventricles beat rapidly in succession, _______. a. the second peak was higher than the first b. a compensatory pause followed c. wave summation occurred d. a doublet representing two atrial contractions followed

b. a compensatory pause followed

Which of the following factors gives the myocardium its high resistance to fatigue? a. the presence of intercalated discs b. a very large number of mitochondria in the cytoplasm c. gap junctions d. the coronary circulation

b. a very large number of mitochondria in the cytoplasm

The __________ are attached to the AV valve flaps. a. trabeculae carneae b. chordae tendineae c. pectinate muscles d. papillary muscles

b. chordae tendineae

With respect to heart rate, which of the following had the same effect? a. digitalis and atropine b. digitalis and pilocarpine as well as atropine and epinephrine c. digitalis and pilocarpine d. atropine and epinephrine

b. digitalis and pilocarpine as well as atropine and epinephrine

For the frog heart, temperature and heart rate are _______. a. indirectly proportional b. directly proportional c. independent d. controlled by homeostasis

b. directly proportional

The sinoatrial node is located _______. a. in the left atrial wall of the human heart b. in the right atrial wall of the human heart c. in the interventricular septum of the human heart d. outside the human heart

b. in the right atrial wall of the human heart

The most muscular chamber of the heart is the __________. a. right atrium b. left ventricle c. left atrium d. right ventricle

b. left ventricle

Guided by powerful signaling molecules, the human heart develops from __________. a. cardioderm b. mesoderm c. endoderm d. ectoderm

b. mesoderm

The autorhythmicity of cardiac pacemaker cells is made possible by the reduced permeability of _______. a. magnesium b. potassium c. sodium d. calcium

b. potassium

Which of the following has the fastest rate of spontaneous depolarization? a. Purkinje fibers b. the SA node c. AV bundle branches d. the AV node

b. the SA node

Cardiac output is __________. a. the amount of blood filling each ventricle at the end of diastole b. the amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle in one minute c. the number of impulses fired by the SA node in one minute d. the amount of blood pumped out of the heart during every ventricular contraction e..the number of times the heart beats in one minute

b. the amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle in one minute.

Which of the following structures is superficial to the heart wall and serves to protect the heart, anchor the heart, and prevent the heart from overfilling? a. the parietal layer of serous pericardium b. the epicardium c. the fibrous pericardium d. the pericardial sac

b. the epicardium

What part of your tracing illustrates vagal escape? a. the part where the heart stopped b. the part where the heart resumed beating c. the part where the force of contraction decreased d. the part where the heart rate slowed down

b. the part where the heart resumed beating

The vessel layer that has a direct role in vasoconstriction is the __________. a. endothelium b. tunica media c. tunica externa d. tunica intima

b. tunica media

Heat-releasing mechanisms include which of the following? a. sweating b. vasodilation and sweating c. vasoconstriction d. vasoconstriction and sweating e. vasodilation

b. vasodilation and sweating

The hepatic portal system collects blood from the __________ and then routes it to the __________. a. liver; kidneys b. kidneys; liver c. GI tract; liver d. liver; GI tract

c. GI tract; liver

Choose the correct sequence of electrical current flow through the heart wall. a. SA node, subendocardial conducting network, AV node, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches b. subendocardial conducting network, AV node, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches, SA node c. SA node, AV node, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches, subendocardial conducting network d. AV node, subendocardial conducting network, AV node, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches e. AV node, SA node, subendocardial conducting network, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches

c. SA node, Av node, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches, subendocardial conducting network

Which of the following decreases the rate of depolarization in the heart? a.. epinephrine and norepinephrine b. norepinephrine c. acetylcholine d. acetylcholine, epinephrine and norepinephrine e. epinephrine

c. acetylcholine

An enlarged R wave on an ECG would indicate __________. a. cardiac ischemia b. repolarization abnormalities c. an enlarged ventricle d. a myocardial infarction

c. an enlarged ventricle

Blood flows directly from __________ into capillary beds. a. elastic arteries b. muscular arteries c. arterioles d. venules

c. arterioles

The superior chambers of the heart are called the __________. a. ventricles b. cavae c. atria d. coronary chambers

c. atria

Beta blockers are used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Which receptors do you think are being blocked? a. muscarinic b. alpha-adrenergic c. beta-adrenergicn d. nicotinic

c. beta-adrenergic

The vessels that carry oxygen to the myocardium are called __________. a. coronary veins b. pulmonary veins c. coronary arteries d. pulmonary arteries e. aortic arteries

c. coronary arteries

Which of the following are correctly paired? a. fibrillation: premature contraction b. arrhythmia: atrioventricular (AV) node failure c. ectopic focus: an abnormal pacemaker d. heart block: uncoordinated atrial and ventricular contraction

c. ectopic focus: an abnormal pacemaker

A doctor puts his stethoscope on a patient's chest over the location of the heart and hears an abnormal swishing sound. Which of the following conditions is the best diagnosis for the patient's condition? a. angina pectoris b. cardiac tamponade c. incompetent cardiac valve d. myocardial infarction

c. incompetent cardiac valve

Calcium channel blockers block the movement of calcium _______. a. into the cell and increase heart rate b. out of the cell and decrease heart rate c. into the cell and decrease heart rate d. out of the cell and increase heart rate

c. into the cell and decrease heart rate

Which of the following is NOT a role of the fibrous pericardium? a. It protects the heart. b. It anchors the heart to surrounding structures. c. It facilitates heart contraction. d. It prevents the heart from overfilling with blood.

c. it facilitates heart contraction

The interventricular septum forms a dividing wall between the __________. a. right ventricle and left atrium b. left and right atria c. left and right ventricles d. right atrium and right ventricle e. left atrium and left ventricle

c. left and right ventricles

Freshly oxygenated blood is delivered to the __________, and then it passes into the __________ to be pumped to the body tissues (systemic circuit). a. right atrium; right ventricle b. right ventricle; right atrium c. left atrium; left ventricle d. left ventricle; left atrium

c. left atrium; left ventricle

Blood flows from the lungs to the __________ via the __________. a. left atrium; pulmonary arteries b. right atrium; pulmonary arteries c. left atrium; pulmonary veins d. right atrium; pulmonary veins

c. left atrium; pulmonary veins

Which of the following would lead to a decrease in heart rate? a. norepinephrine b. exercise c. parasympathetic stimulation d. sharply decreased blood volume

c. parasympathetic stimulation

Which ion(s) at least initially lowered the frog heart rate in the activity you just performed? a. sodium b. potassium c. potassium and sodium d. calcium e. calcium, potassium and sodium

c. potassium and sodium

Which of the following would experience increased blood flow during exercise? a. intestines b. kidneys c. skin d. brain

c. skin

The role of the atrioventricular node (AV node) is to __________. a. initiate ventricular depolarization b. initiate a sinus rhythm c. slow down impulses so that the atria can contract to fill the adjacent ventricles with blood d. conduct impulses to the sinoatrial node (SA node)

c. slow down impulses so that the atria can contract to fill the adjacent ventricles with blood

Delivering single shocks in succession to stimulate the frog heart _______. a. resulted in fused tetanus b. increased the height of the ventricular systole wave c. resulted in wave summation d. did not increase the height of the ventricular systole wave

d. did not increase the height of the ventricular systole wave

Organisms that are poikilothermic _______. a. maintain their body temperature range even though the external temperature is changing and lack internal homeostatic temperature regulatory mechanisms b. have temperature fluctuations that coincide with the external temperature c. lack internal homeostatic temperature regulatory mechanisms d. have temperature fluctuations that coincide with the external temperature and lack internal homeostatic temperature regulatory mechanisms e. maintain their body temperature range even though the external temperature is changing

d. have temperature fluctuations that coincide with the external temperature and lack internal homeostatic temperature regulatory mechanisms

Blood flow would be increased by __________. a. increasing blood vessel length b. decreasing vessel diameter c. decreasing blood pressure d. increasing cardiac output

d. increasing cardiac output

The total refractory period of cardiac muscle _______. a. is shorter than the total refractory period for skeletal muscle b. is about the same as the total refractory period for skeletal muscle c. is longer than the contraction of cardiac muscle d. is longer than the total refractory period for skeletal muscle

d. is longer than the total refractory period for skeletal muscle

Into which chamber of the heart do the pulmonary veins deliver blood? a. left ventricle b. right ventricle c. right atrium d. left atrium

d. left atrium

During systemic circulation, blood leaves the __________. a. right ventricle and flows directly to the aorta b. right atrium and flows directly to the lungs c. right ventricle and flows directly to the lungs d. left ventricle and flows directly to the aorta e. lungs and flows directly to the left atrium

d. left ventricle and flows directly to the aorta

When the mitral valve closes, it prevents the backflow of blood from the __________. a. right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk b. left atrium into the left ventricle c. right atrium into the right ventricle d. left ventricle into the left atrium e. left ventricle into the aorta

d. left ventricle int the left atrium

A ___________________ drug increases the force of contraction of the heart. a. negative chronotropic b. positive chronotropic c. negative inotropic d. positive inotropic

d. positive inotropic

The endocardium is composed of __________. a. cuboidal epithelium b. columnar epithelium c. cardiac muscle cells d. squamous epithelium e. elastic cartilage

d. squamous epithelium

Blood from the brain is returned to the heart via the __________. a. abdominal aorta b. thoracic aorta c. inferior vena cava d. superior vena cava

d. superior vena cava

The absolute refractory period refers to the time during which __________. a. the muscle cell will respond only to a sub-threshold stimulus b. the muscle cell is ready to respond to a threshold stimulus c. the muscle cell will respond only to an exceptionally strong stimulus d. the muscle cell will not respond to a stimulus of any strength e. the muscle cell is ready to respond to any stimulus

d. the muscle cell will not respond to a stimulus of any strength

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system dominates after a large meal? a. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic branches dominate after a large meal. b. neither the parasympathetic nor the sympathetic branch c. the sympathetic branch d. the parasympathetic branch

d. the parasympathetic branch

Skeletal muscle is capable of which of the following? a. wave summation b. fused tetanus c. wave summation, fused tetanus and autorhythmicity d. wave summation and fused tetanus e. autorhythmicity

d. wave summation and fused tetanus