A & P I (Ch.8)
How many pairs of ribs does each person have?
12
The typical vertebral column has ______ thoracic vertebrae.
12
There are pairs of ribs in the human body.
12
How many bones are typically in the adult skeleton?
206
How many bones does the skeleton typically contain at birth?
270
What is the typical number of lumbar vertebrae?
5
The head of the femur articulates with which part of the os coxa?
Acetabulum
The lateral flattened end of the clavicle is called the end.
Acromial
Name the lateral, flattened end of the clavicle that articulates with the scapula.
Acromial end
Which of the following is a platelike extension of the scapular spine that forms the apex of the shoulder?
Acromion
The neck is a groove that borders the smooth, cartilage-covered head of the humerus.
Anatomical
The scapula has superior, inferior, and lateral
Angles
What are the names of the three cranial fossae?
Anterior, middle, and posterior
When are the sacral vertebrae fully fused?
Around 26 years of age
The concave area on the upper surface of the lateral mass of the the atlas articulates with the occipital condyle of the skull; this surface is the superior facet.
Articular
Lumbar vertebrae have which of the following?
Articular processes
Name the joint that occurs between the base of the skull and the top of the vertebral column.
Atlanto-occipital joint
The malleus, incus, and stapes are which of the following?
Auditory ossicles
The skull, vertebral column, and rib cage comprise the skeleton.
Axial
Which of the following lists the parts of a metacarpal from proximal to distal?
Base, body, head
The ridge that forms the boundary between the greater and lesser pelvis is called the pelvic
Brim
Name the term for the group of bones that form the roof and walls of the skull.
Calvaria
The bones are short bones in the wrist.
Carpal
Name the group of bones that form the wrist.
Carpals
Most of the features that distinguish the female pelvis from the male pelvis arise from what major factor?
Childbirth
The bones that make up the pectoral girdle are the and the scapula.
Clavicle
What is the slightly S-shaped bone that braces the shoulder?
Clavicle
The pectoral girdle includes which of the following bones?
Clavicle, scapula
The lateral walls of the nasal cavity give rise to scroll-like bones called the nasal
Conchae
The medial and lateral of the tibia articulate with the femur.
Condyles
Which term refers to the smooth joint surfaces on the tibia that articulate with the femur?
Condyles
The facets are unique to the thoracic vertebrae.
Costal
The strips of hyaline cartilage that attach the ribs to the sternum are called the cartilages.
Costal
Which part of a rib marks the path of blood vessels and nerves along the inferior margin of the shaft?
Costal groove
Identify the term for the lower border of the thoracic cage.
Costal margin
The largest cavity in the skull that encloses the brain is the cavity.
Cranial
Which term refers to the bony structure that surrounds the brain?
Cranium
The rough spot on the lateral shaft of the humerus that serves as an attachment for the shoulder muscle is the tuberosity.
Deltoid
Name the small processes on the humerus that are located proximal to the trochlea and capitulum.
Epicondyles
Which type of rib lacks connections to the sternum?
False ribs
An intervertebral disc is made out of which type of cartilage?
Fibrocartilage
Which bone provides lateral support to the ankle joint?
Fibula
Which of the following is a slender leg bone that functions to stabilize the ankle but does not bear any weight of the body?
Fibula
What is the term for a slit through a bone?
Fissure
Which term refers to the spaces located between unfused cranial bones during early development?
Fontanelles
The hole at the center of a vertebra is termed the vertebral
Foramen
Which of the following terms refers to the large hole in the base of the skull that allows the spinal cord to enter the cranial cavity?
Foramen magnum
The bone indicated in the figure is the bone.
Frontal
Which joint is the articulation between the scapula and the humerus?
Glenohumeral
What color is the appendicular skeleton in this figure?
Green
Which term refers to a prominent expanded end of a bone that is sometimes rounded?
Head
The condition where the nucleus pulposus bulges through the anulus fibrosis is called a disc.
Herniated
Which can be caused by excessive stress and can result in painful pressure on the spinal cord or a spinal nerve?
Herniated disc
Which bone is located in the neck and does not articulate with any other bone?
Hyoid
What is the smooth concave part of the pelvis that is covered by the iliacus muscle?
Iliac fossa
Identify the bones that form the sacroiliac joint.
Ilium Sacrum
Only one of the pairs of nasal conchae is not part of the ethmoid bones. Which one is its own bone?
Inferior
Identify the three angles of the scapula.
Inferior Superior Lateral
Name the indented region between the condyles of the femur.
Intercondylar fossa
Which membrane joins the tibia and fibula along their shafts?
Interosseous
Name the opening between the superior and inferior vertebral notches of two adjacent vertebrae.
Intervertebral foramen
What is the rough posterior process that supports the body when sitting?
Ischial tuberosity
Which part of the ischium supports the body when sitting?
Ischial tuberosity
Which three bones make up the hip?
Ischium Pubic Ilium
The bone, located between the maxillary and ethmoid bone, forms part of the medial wall of the orbit.
Lacrimal
The scapula has superior, medial, and borders.
Lateral
The weight-bearing parts of the atlas are called the masses.
Lateral
List the bones of the distal row of the tarsal bones.
Lateral cuneiform Medial cuneiform Cuboid Intermediate cuneiform
The inferior, narrower portion of the pelvis is considered the pelvis, which also called the "true pelvis".
Lesser
Which term refers to a slightly raised, elongated ridge?
Line
What ridge is located along the posterior margin of the femur?
Linea aspera
A vertebra with a thick stout body, and a blunt square spinous process is most likely from the region of the vertebral column.
Lumbar
List the five vertebral regions.
Lumbar Cervical Thoracic Coccygeal Sacral
The ribs help protect which of the following?
Lungs and spleen
The auditory ossicles include which of the following?
Malleus Incus Stapes
Identify the articular surface indicated in the figure.
Mandibular fossa
The mandibular condyle articulates with which part of the temporal bone?
Mandibular fossa
Which features are found in the squamous part of the temporal bone?
Mandibular fossa Zygomatic process
What is the prominent bony process behind and below the ear that is filled with small air sinuses and serves as an attachment for a major neck muscle?
Mastoid process
List the paranasal sinuses.
Maxillary Sphenoid Frontal Ethmoid
List the three sides of the scapula.
Medial (vertebral) border Lateral (axillary) border Superior border
Which of the following terms refers to the two smooth, rounded surfaces at the distal end of the femur which help form the joint of the knee?
Medial and lateral condyles
Which of the following is formed by the fusion of the spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae?
Median sacral crest
The bones form the bridge of the nose and support the cartilage that forms the lower portion.
Nasal
Name the scroll-like bones that project into the nasal cavity.
Nasal conchae
Which bones are classified as cranial bones?
Occipital Ethmoid Sphenoid Temporal Parietal Frontal
When you rest your elbow on a table, which bony part of the ulna is on the table?
Olecranon
The processes of the maxillary bones form the anterior 2/3 of the hard palate.
Palatine
Which of the following add resonance to the voice and lighten the anterior portion of the skull?
Paranasal sinuses
Identify the bone indicated by the arrow.
Parietal
Name the smooth depression on the anterior distal aspect of the femur that articulates with the patella.
Patellar surface
List the names of the vertebral curvatures.
Pelvic Thoracic Lumbar Cervical
Name the ridge that forms the boundary between the greater and lesser pelvises.
Pelvic brim
Name the structure comprised of the two coxal bones and the sacrum.
Pelvic girdle
Which of the following carpal bones are in the proximal row of the carpus?
Pisiform Lunate Triquetrum Scaphoid
The cerebellum is contained within which cranial fossa?
Posterior
What is the fibrocartilage structure found anteriorly between the hip bones?
Pubic symphysis
The three bones that make up the coxal bone are the ilium, ischium, and
Pubis
Which notch at the proximal end of the ulna accommodates the head of the radius?
Radial
Match the segment of the upper limb with its description.
SEE NOTES
Name the opening at the end of the sacral canal.
Sacral hiatus
The bone indicated on the figure as "A" is the
Sacrum
Identify the bones that comprise the pelvic girdle.
Sacrum Coxal bones
Which carpal bones are in the proximal row of the carpus (wrist)?
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
What is an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column called?
Scoliosis
The turcica is a saddle-like prominence in the body of the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland.
Sella
The patella is an example of a bone, one that forms within a tendon due to stress.
Sesamoid
Which type of bone forms within a tendon due to stress?
Sesamoid
The typical vertebral column has cervical vertebrae.
Seven
Name the four prominent fontanels. Select all that apply.
Sphenoid Posterior Mastoid Anterior
The suture between the parietal bones is the ______ suture.
Sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal, maxillary
The foramen magnum is a hole for the passage of which of the following?
Spinal cord
List the sutures surrounding the parietal bones.
Squamous Coronal Lambdoid Sagittal
Which end of the clavicle has a rounded hammerlike head?
Sternal
Which term refers to the joint between the manubrium and the gladiolus?
Sternal angle
The joint between the sternum and the clavicle is the joint.
Sternoclavicular
The thoracic cage consists of the thoracic vertebrae, , and ribs.
Sternum
The bony point at the distal end of the radius is called the process.
Styloid
Name the bony point on the distal end of the radius that can be palpated proximal to the thumb.
Styloid process
What is the pointed spine on the inferior surface of the temporal bone?
Styloid process
Which process on the temporal bone provides a site of attachment for muscles of the tongue, pharynx, and hyoid bone?
Styloid process
Which features are found in the tympanic part of the temporal bone?
Styloid process External acoustic meatus
Name the term used to describe a groove in which is located a tendon, nerve, or blood vessel.
Sulcus
Which nasal conchae has sensory cells of smell?
Superior
The indented area indicated in the figure is the notch.
Suprasternal
The Blank 1Blank 1 temporal , Correct Unavailable lines indicated in the figure are the site of attachment for the temporalis muscle.
Temporal
The thickened lines on the side of the skull that provide attachment points for the temporalis muscle are called which of the following?
Temporal lines
The axial skeleton can be defined as which of the following?
The bones of the supporting central axis of the body
List some of the differences between male and female pelves.
The female pelvis is wider and shallower The male pelvis is more massive and rougher. The female pelvis has larger pelvic inlet and outlet.
What is the correct system for naming the metatarsals?
The metatarsals are named with Roman numerals I through V from medial to lateral.
What are the vertebral curvatures?
Thoracic, lumbar, cervical, pelvic
Which bone is the only weight-bearing bone of the crural region?
Tibia
Name the bony bump on the anterior surface of the tibia below the knee.
Tibial tuberosity
The ligament holds the dens of the axis in place against the anterior arch of the atlas.
Transverse
Which foramen provides passage for the vertebral arteries?
Transverse foramen
Name the ligament that holds the dens of the axis in place against the anterior arch of the atlas.
Transverse ligament
On a vertebra, which process extends laterally from the point where the lamina and pedicle meet?
Transverse process
Which carpal bones are located in the distal row of the carpus?
Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate
Which carpal bones are located in the distal row of the wrist?
Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate
The spinal cord passes through the vertebral foramen of each vertebra. Together, the vertebral foramina of the complete vertebral column form which of the following?
Vertebral canal
Choose the bone that, along with the ethmoid, forms the nasal septum.
Vomer
The carpal bones form which of the following?
Wrist
The projection of the temporal bone that extends anteriorly to form part of the zygomatic arch is the process.
Zygomatic
Which process of the temporal bone extends anteriorly to form part of the zygomatic arch?
Zygomatic
A tooth socket is a(n) _______.
alveolus
Which term refers to the bony ridge that can be palpated along the shin?
anterior crest
The limb bones and their girdles comprise the ______ skeleton.
appendicular
Name the joint between the atlas and axis.
atlanto-axial joint
The second cervical vertebra is called the ______.
axis
Which of the following is the weight bearing portion of the vertebra?
body
The cranial cavity encloses which of the following?
brain
The largest tarsal, which forms the heel, is the
calcaneus
The group of bones that form the wrist are the bones.
carpal
Transverse foramina are only found in ______.
cervical vertebrae
The "collar bone" is called the
clavicle
The most inferior region of the vertebral column is the ______ region.
coccygeal
The anatomical name for tailbone is ______.
coccyx
The anterior lip of the trochlear notch is formed by the process.
coronoid
The lower border of the thoracic cage is called the margin.
costal
The perforated part of the ethmoid bone that forms the roof of the nasal cavity is called the plate.
cribriform
The prominent process on the axis is the , also called the odontoid process.
dens
The medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, and cuboid make up which row of the tarsal bones?
distal
The styloid process is located at the ______ end of the ulna.
distal
The widest points of the femur at the knee are the medial and lateral
epicondyles
The ear canal is also called the ______.
external auditory meatus
A ligament extends from the acetabulum of the os coxa to a small depression in the head of the femur. Name this depression.
fovea
The cavity is a shallow socket of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus.
glenoid
The glenohumeral joint is the articulation between the and the humerus.
glenoid
The tuberosity is a rough ridge on the femur that is the site of attachment of the gluteus maximus muscle.
gluteal
The hyoid bone consists of a body, and two horn like projections called ______.
greater and lesser horns
On a rib, the costal marks the path of costal blood vessels and nerves along the inferior margin of the shaft.
groove
The maxilla and palatine bones come together to form which of the following?
hard palate
The enlarged area of the humerus that articulates with glenoid cavity is the of the humerus.
head
The knobby end of the rib that articulates with the body of vertebrae is called the of the rib.
head
The proximal end of the fibula is the ______.
head
Which part of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the os coxae?
head
Which term refers to the knobby part of a rib that articulates with the body of vertebrae?
head
The opening between the pedicles of two successive vertebrae that allows for the passage of spinal nerves is a(n) foramen.
intervertebral
Which of the following is the common name of the patella?
kneecap
The smallest bones of the skull are the ______ bones.
lacrimal
The fusion of the transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae form the ______ sacral crest.
lateral
The foramen is a large hole where the spinal cord enters the cranium.
magnum
The lower jaw bone is called the ______.
mandible
The ______ foramen serves as the site of entry into the mandibular body for the nerves and blood vessels that supply the teeth.
mandibular
Which term refers to the narrow region of the radius between the head and the radial tuberosity?
neck
The region of the intervertebral disc identified as 'A' in the figure is the ______, while 'B' is the ______.
nucleus pulposus. anulus fibrosus
The joint that occurs between the base of the skull and the top of the vertebral column is the atlanto- joint.
occipital
Which bone forms the back of the skull?
occipital
The superior articular facet of the atlas articulates with the ______.
occipital condyles of the skull
The cribriform foramina of the cribriform plate are passageways for ______.
olfactory nerves
The lower margin of the lesser pelvis is called the pelvic
outlet
Which cranial bones are paired?
parietal and temporal
What structure sits in the sella turcica?
pituitary gland
The ______ sacral foramina allow passage of nerves that serve the gluteal region and lower limbs.
posterior
The notch at the proximal end of the ulna accommodates the head of the radius.
radial
The lateral bone of the forearm is the
radius
The lateral bone of the forearm is the ______.
radius
The spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae are ______.
relatively pointed and angled sharply downward
Indicate the correct number of vertebrae in each region of an average, normal human vertebral column.
see notes
Match each anatomical bone marking with its description
see notes
Match each type of bone marking with its definition.
see notes
Place the carpal bones of the proximal row in order, starting at the medial (little finger) side and ending at the lateral (thumb) side.
see notes
What structure passes through the foramen magnum?
spinal cord
The anatomical term for breastbone is ______.
sternum
The most superior tarsal bone is the
talus
Which of the following tarsals is the most superior, providing articulation with the leg?
talus
The ______ process of the zygomatic bone forms part of the zygomatic arch.
temporal
The bone indicated in the figure is the bone.
temporal
The five vertebral regions are the lumbar, cervical, coccygeal, , and sacral
thoracic
The five vertebral regions are the lumbar, cervical, coccygeal, , and sacral.
thoracic
The weight-bearing bone of the lower leg is the
tibia
The concave surface of the ulna that wraps around the trochlea of the humerus is the notch.
trochlear
The projection of the rib that attaches to the transverse costal facet of the vertebra is known as the of the rib.
tubercle
Which metatarsal is directly proximal to the little toe?
v
The most inferior portion of the sternum is the ______.
xiphoid process