A & P veins and arteries
Which statement best describes arteries?
All carry blood away from the heart.
Histologically, the ________ is squamous epithelium supported by a sparse connective tissue layer
tunica intima
Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation?
tunica media
Factors that aid venous return include all except ________.
urinary output
Normal blood volume but poor circulation due to extreme vasodilation
vascular shock
Which of the following is a type of circulatory shock?
vascular, due to extreme vasodilation as a result of loss of vasomotor tone
The short-term controls of blood pressure, mediated by the nervous system and bloodborne chemicals, primarily operate via all but which of the following?
altering blood volume
The largest artery in the body is the
aorta
Site that is the major determinant of peripheral resistance.
arterioles
Site where resistance to blood flow is greatest.
arterioles
The arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called ________.
arterioles
Secondary hypertension can be caused by ________.
arteriosclerosis
Runs through the armpit area, giving off branches to the axillae, chest wall, and shoulder girdle.
axillary artery
Which of the choices below does not involve tissue perfusion?
blood clotting
Which of the following is the most significant source of blood flow resistance?
blood pressure diameter
Artery usually ausculated to take the blood pressure.
brachial artery
Gives rise to the right common carotid and right subclavian artery.
brachiocephalic trunk
Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ________.
capillaries
Site where exchanges of food and gases are made.
capillaries
Site where the velocity of blood flow is slowest.
capillaries
Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise?
capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood
Results from heart inability to sustain adequate circulation due to myocardial damage
cardiogenic shock
Large unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies the liver, stomach, and spleen.
celiac trunk
Due to inadequate blood flow to meet tissue needs
circulatory shock
supplies the stomach and duodenum
commom hepatic artery
A patient with essential hypertension might have pressures of 200/120 mm Hg. This hypertensive state could result in all of the following changes except ________.
decreased size of the heart muscle
Vessel commonly used as a coronary bypass vessel.
great saphenous vein
Which of the choices below reflects the balance (or imbalance) between the direction and amount of fluid that flows across the capillary walls?
hydrostatic and osmotic pressure
Due to large-scale blood loss
hypovolemic shock
Peripheral resistance ________.
increases as blood viscosity increases
Blood flow to the skin ________.
increases when environmental temperature rises
Supplies the distal areas of the large intestine
inferior mesenteric artery
Major supply to the cerebral hemispheres.
internal carotid artery
Supplies pelvic structures
internal iliac artery
Cerebral blood flow is regulated by ________.
intrinsic autoregulatory mechanisms
Brain blood flow autoregulation ________.
is abolished when abnormally high CO2 levels persist
In the dynamics of blood flow through capillaries, hydrostatic pressure ________.
is the same as capillary blood pressure
Which of the following statements regarding the hepatic portal system is false?
it branches off the inferior vena cava
Site where the blood pressure is greatest.
large arteries
Site where the velocity of blood flow is fastest.
large arteries
The form of circulatory shock known as hypovolemic shock is ________.
large scale blood loss, or after vomiting or diarrhea
Site where blood pressure is lowest.
large veins
Site where the blood volume is greatest.
large veins
What do the ductus arteriosus and the foramen ovale become at birth?
ligamentum arteriosum; fossa ovalis
Which of the choices below does not explain why low capillary pressures are desirable?
low blood pressure is associated with a longer life than high blood pressure
Where in the body would you find low oxygen levels causing vasoconstriction and high levels causing vasodilation?
lungs
The arteries that are also called distributing arteries are the ________.
muscular arteries
Which of the following chemicals does not help regulate blood pressure?
nitric acid
If blood pressure is almost normal in a person who has lost blood, does that mean the tissues are receiving adequate blood flow?
not necessarily
Aldosterone will ________.
promote an increase in blood pressure
Carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
pulmonary trunk
Carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs.
pulmonary vein
Common site to take the pulse.
radial artery
Which of the following signs of hypovolemic shock is a relatively late sign?
rapidly falling blood pressure
Artery that does not anastomose.
renal artery
supplies kidney with blood
renal artery
Which of the following processes provides a long-term response to changes in blood pressure?
renal regulation
A thrombus (blood clot) in the first branch of the arch of the aorta would affect the flow of blood to the ________.
right side of the head and neck and right upper arm
Which of the following are involved directly in pulmonary circulation?
right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and left atrium
The influence of blood vessel diameter on peripheral resistance is ________.
significant because resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius
Modified capillaries that are lined with phagocytes are called ________.
sinusoids
The velocity of blood flow is ________.
slowest in the capillaries because the total cross-sectional area is the greatest
Drains an upper extremity, a deep vein.
subclavian vein
Supplies the small intestine.
superior mesenteric artery
Receives blood from all areas superior to the diaphragm, except the heart wall.
superior vena cava
The pulse pressure is ________.
systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure
A precapillary sphincter is a cuff of smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood into the capillaries.
t
An increase in blood viscosity will cause an increase in peripheral resistance.
t
An obstruction in the superior vena cava would decrease the flow of blood from the head and neck to the heart.
t
Arteries supplying the same territory are often merged with one another, forming arterial anastomoses.
t
Every minute, about 1.5 ml of fluid leaks out of the capillaries
t
Hypotension is generally considered systolic blood pressure that is below 100 mm Hg.
t
The adjustment of blood flow to each tissue in proportion to its requirements at any point in time is termed autoregulation.
t
The azygos vein originates in the abdomen
t
The carotid sinus reflex protects the blood supply to the brain, whereas the aortic reflex is more concerned with maintaining adequate blood pressure in the systemic circuit as a whole.
t
The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) is an arterial anastomosis
t
The pancreas is an example of an organ with arteries that do not anastomose.
t
The pulmonary circulation does not directly serve the metabolic needs of body tissues.
t
Whereas diffusion is more important for solute exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid, bulk flow is more important for regulation of the relative volumes of blood and interstitial fluid.
t
The most common type of blood capillary is the ________.
the continuous capillary
Mechanisms that do not help regulate blood pressure include ________.
the dural sinus reflex
Which of the following do not influence arterial pulse rate?
the vessel selected to palpate
Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension?
170/96
Normal average blood pressure for a newborn baby is ________.
90/55
Select the correct statement about blood flow.
Blood flow through the entire vascular system is equivalent to cardiac output.
Which of the choices below explains why the arterioles are known as resistance vessels?
The contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in their walls can change their diameter.
Which of the following is true about veins?
Veins are called capacitance vessels or blood reservoirs.
The term ductus venosus refers to ________.
a special fetal vessel that allows umbilical blood to bypass the liver
Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure?
emotional state
Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure.
excess red cell production would cause an increase in blood pressure
Supplies a lower limb.
external iliac artery
Drains the scalp.
external jugular vein
Arterial pressure in the pulmonary circulation is much higher than in the systemic circulation because of its proximity to the heart.
f
Osmotic pressure is created by the presence in a fluid of small diffusible molecules that easily move through the capillary membrane.
f
The outermost layer of a blood vessel is the tunica intima.
f
The thick-walled arteries close to the heart are called muscular arteries
f
Vasodilation is a widening of the lumen due to smooth muscle contraction
f
Major artery of the thigh.
femoral artery
Which of the following is not true regarding fenestrated capillaries?
fenestrated capillaries form the blood brain barrier