A&P 139 Chapter 22 Reproductive System

testes in males; ovaries in females

What are the primary sex organs?

interstitial cells of the testes

What cells produce androgens (including testosterone)?

1.0

"You can't possibly have breast cancer," said Jim to his roommate Eliot, who was distraught after a visit to a doctor. "You're a man!" "No, Jim. A certain percentage of breast cancer cases are in men." That percentage is

primordial, primary, secondary, mature corpus luteum to corpus albicans mature follicle

Prior to ovulation, a follicle progresses through what stages (in correct order)? After ovulation, the remnant of the follicle goes through what changes (assuming fertilization did not occur)? On day 14 of the reproductive cycle, an oocyte is ovulated from a:

blood levels of estrogens and progesterone drop.

During the female reproductive cycle, menstruation is triggered when:

surge in blood levels of luteinizing hormone.

During the female reproductive cycle, the trigger for ovulation is:

homologous chromosome pairs separate.

During the first meiotic division

0.7 centimeters in diameter and about 10 centimeters long.

The dimensions of a uterine tube are

clitoris

The female structure that corresponds to the male penis is the

walnut or chestnut.

The prostate gland is the size and shape of a

Spermatogenesis Both Oogenesis Spermatogenesis Spermatogenesis Both

1. Results in 4 viable cells. 2. Undergo meiosis. 3. May or may not finish the full process. 4. Results in hundreds of gametes on a continual basis. 5. After the first meiotic division, the gamete has 23 chromosomes

anterior pituitary gland.

A cause of female infertility is failure of ovulation due to hyposecretion of hormones from the

The average length of the epididymis is

6 meters.

maintain a higher percentage of body fat.

Compared to males who train for endurance events, females who train for such events typically

cervix.

A Pap smear is used to detect abnormal cells in the

pelvic inflammatory disease

A condition called _______, in which the bacteria spread throughout the reproductive organs, can result from gonorrheal or chlamydial infections.

whether or not a uterine tube is open.

A hysterosalpinogram measures or shows

fifteen to twenty

A mammary gland contains ____ lobes

hormone replacement therapy

A woman going through menopause may take ______ to minimize the symptoms.

false

As many as twenty primary ovarian follicles may reach maturity simultaneously.

false

Capacitation makes sperm tails whip more quickly.

underlying disease, such as diabetes mellitus.

Causes of erectile dysfunction include

true

Chromosomes align down the center of a cell undergoing meiosis in metaphase.

false

Each epididymis emerges from the bottom of a testis.

true

FSH stimulates a primordial follicle to start maturing.

all

Factors that may suggest prostate cancer include cellular changes observed in a biopsy sample. elevated PSA level in the blood. enlargement of the prostate gland. all of the above.

uterine tube.

Fertilization normally occurs in the

true

Gonadotropins include FSH and LH.

Prophase I-metaphase I-anaphase I-telophase I

Identify the correct sequence for the steps of meiosis I.

ovaries

In a nonpregnant female, the primary source of estrogens and progesterone is/are the:

tissue resembling the inner uterine lining grows in the abdominal cavity.

In endometriosis,

Urethra

In females, which structure is immediately anterior to the vagina?

dihydrotestosterone

In males, testosterone is converted to ______, which then stimulates cells of the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and external accessory organs.

stimulates uterine wall development; stimulates the uterine lining to become more glandular

In the reproductive cycle, estrogen _____, whereas progesterone _____.

an increase in gonadotropin concentration and a decrease in estrogen concentration.

Lulu is 53 and has not had her menstrual period in a year. Several times a day, she feels a tingling in her upper chest, and then heat washes over her, in an upwards direction. It is intensely uncomfortable for about 5 minutes, during which she is nearly overwhelmed with an urge to fling off her clothing. The cause of Lulu's hot flashes is

anterior pituitary gland and testes.

Male reproductive functions are controlled mainly by hormones from the hypothalamus, and

all

Male secondary sex characterisitics include thickening of the bones. increased muscular growth. increased growth of body hair. all of the above.

otherwise the fertilized ovum will have too much genetic material.

Meiosis is necessary because

ovaries.

Menopause is due to aging of the

granulosa cells a capsule around a follicle granulosa cells corpus albicans

Name the cells surrounding an oocyte. What is the theca? The corona radiata consists of: Which of the structures would be scar tissue?

surgical intervention.

Of the various classes of birth control methods, the most effective is:

all

Oral contraceptives may cause increased skin pigmentation. breast tenderness. fluid retention. all of the above.

all

Possible problems from donating eggs include psychological difficulties from wondering about the fate of the eggs. infertility. ovary scarring. all of the above.

true

Primary oocyte production begins before birth.

all

Semen consists of sperm and secretions. is alkaline. includes prostaglandins and nutrients. is all of the above.

epididymides.

Sperm cells mature in the

prophase I.

Synapsis occurs during

blocking estrogen receptors.

Tamoxifen and raloxifene act by

true

The broad, suspensory, and ovarian ligaments hold an ovary in position.

false

The cells that result from meiosis are diploid.

reproductive hormones.

The development, maintenance, and regulation of the male and female reproductive systems are the functions of:

false

The ductus deferentia are muscular tubes, each about 25 centimeters long.

tightly coiled tube on the outside of the testis; is the location for sperm maturation

The epididymis is a _____ and it _____.

ductus deferens.

The epididymis, coiled on the outer surface of the testis, becomes the

spermatogenic cells and sustentacular cells.

The epithelium of the seminiferous tubules consists of

primary oocyte divides to form a secondary oocyte and a first polar body.

The first step in oogenesis is a

drain into alveolar ducts, which drain into a lactiferous duct that leads to the nipple.

The glands in a lobe of a breast

inguinal

The gubernaculum guides the testis through the ________ canal.

estrogen.

The hormone mainly responsible for the development and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics is

testosterone.

The hormone responsible for the development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics is

endometrium.

The inner mucosal layer of the uterine wall is the

androgens.

The interstitial cells of the testes produce

seminal vesicles.

The last fluid expelled from the urethra during ejaculation comes from the

LH causing the interstitial cells to release testosterone.

The level of testosterone in the blood is increased by

synthetic estrogen and progesterone.

The most commonly used oral contraceptives contain

8 million.

The number of possible chromosome combinations in a gamete of a human is

about 120 million per milliliter.

The number of sperm cells in an ejaculate averages

4

The number of sperm cells that form from a primary spermatocyte is

false

The primary organs of the female reproductive system are the uterus and vagina

true

The spermatogenic cells that line the seminiferous tubules produce sperm.

about 250 lobules, each of which contains 1 to 4 seminiferous tubules.

The structure of a testis can be described as composed of

ejaculatory duct

The structure the sperm enters upon exiting the ductus deferens is the

false

The structures of the female reproductive system that surround the openings to the urethra and vagina comprise the mons pubis.

cervix.

The tubular part of the uterus that extends downward into the upper vagina is the

formation and maintenance of penis, scrotum, and accessory organs increased muscular growth growth of hair, particularly on chest, face, axillary, and pubic region

What are some of the functions of testosterone? Check all that apply.

homologous chromosomes.

Two chromosomes that match each other gene-for-gene, with one coming from the mother and one from the father, are called:

sperm development is impeded by the higher internal body temperature.

Undescended testes cause infertility because

spermatogonia.

Undifferentiated spermatogenic cells are called

Weakening of the acrosomal membrane, conferring on the sperm the ability to fertilize an egg.

What is the definition capacitation?

vasectomy

What is the name of the surgical procedure a male can undergo to prevent the passage of sperm from the testes to the penis?

Oogenesis

What is the process of egg formation called?

Prostate gland

Which of the following structures is unpaired?

nucleus.

The head of a sperm is mostly

alveolar

Within the mammary glands, milk is produced by _____ glands.

preventing development, ovulation, or implantation of an oocyte.

Birth control methods that involve the woman receiving a combination of estrogen and progestin (as the "pill" or as patch, ring, or injection) function as birth control by:

true

Ciliary action aids movement of an egg through a uterine tube

dihydrotestosterone.

In males, testosterone is converted to ______, which then stimulates cells of the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and external accessory organs.

uterine tubes

This image shows the superior view of the female pelvis. What is the name of the structures highlighted in orange indicated by the arrows?

testes bulbourethral glands prostate gland seminal vesicles

What male reproductive structure(s) produce semen? Check all that apply.

Menopause

What period is defined by the cessation of the reproductive cycle?

Suspensory ligaments

What structures helps support the breast tissue?

Parasympathetic neurons release nitric oxide causing dilation of small arteries in the penis.

Which of the following correctly describes an erection?

all

Which of the following is (are) forms of contraception? Rhythm method Chemical barriers Intrauterine device All of the above

all

Which of the following terms is/are correctly defined? Ovulation-rupture of an ovarian follicle and release of a secondary oocyte and first polar body Vestibule-space enclosed by the labia minora Orgasm-pleasurable sense of physiological and psychological release All of the above