A&P 2 autonomic nervous system

Name the organs which are associated with both chemo receptors and barrow receptors respiratory autonomic reflexes

Aorta & carotid arteries

Cell bodies of pre-ganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located

Brain & spinal cord (CNS)

What do you mean by splanchnic nerves

Consists of axons that synapse in collateral ganglia. Combo of three nerves: cardiopulmonary, Abdominopelvic, pelvis

The celiac ganglia innervates

Stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small & large intestine

Define baroreceptors. Where are baroreceptors located within the body

Stretch receptors that monitor pressure changes. They are located in the digestive tract, walls of urinary bladder, corroded and aortic sinuses, lungs, colon

Which nerve provides preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to structures in the Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity's

Vagus nerves

Which type of receptor is sensitive to changes in blood pH

Chemoreceptors

What brain structure is considered to be the headquarters for the ANS

Hypothalamus

Which brain area is considered to be headquarters of the ANS

Hypothalamus

Which nerve carries most of the parasympathetic outflow

Vagus nerve

Stimulation of the neurons in the celiac ganglion would lead to

Hydrolysis of liver glycogen reserves.

What neurotransmitter is released by all parasympathetic neurons

Acetylcholine

An inhaler used to treat airway constriction in asthma or allergies may contain a drug that

Activate B2 receptors or blocks muscarinic cholerginic receptors

Neurons that use norepinephrine as a transmitter are called

Adrenergic

A certain drug decreases heart rate by blocking a receptor on cardiac pacemaker cells. This drug probably binds to ______ receptors.

Beta 1

Name the plexuses innervated by the vagus nerve.

Cardiac, celiac, inferior mesenteric, and the hypogastric

Mary accidentally ate poison mushrooms that contain muscarine. What symptoms would you expect to observe?

Diarrhea, salivation, low heart rate, sweating

Barrow receptors are not found in the

Digestive tract, lungs, colon, aorta

Describe the ENS

Division of the nervous system consisting of a network of neurons and nerve networks in the walls of the digestive tract that primarily operates locally, without instructions from the CNS.

Most vital organs receive ________ innervation. That is, they receive input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

Dual

The adrenal medullae secrete both

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Drugs known as beta blockers may be useful for treating

Excessive heart rate

Preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on

Ganglionic neurons

Which structure carries postganglionic fibers for distribution in the body wall and limbs

Gray ramus

Which of the following would be an example of higher level control of autonomic function

Increased heart rate when you see a person you fear

Describe the solitary nuclei.

Large masses of gray matter on each side of the medulla oblongata that serve as processing and sorting centers for visceral sensory information

Pre-ganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are located in the

Lateral gray horns of segments T1 through L2 of the spinal cord

In general, parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and postganglionic fibers are _______. length?

Longer; shorter

Compare nicotinic receptors and muscarinic receptors

Nicotinic: ACh receptors on all postganglionic cells. Muscarinic: ACh G-protein coupled receptors

A person is confronted by a dangerous dog is heart begins to rest and be strongly, his pupils dilate, and his hair stand up. The signs are not the result of

Para sympathetic activation

The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system is known as the "rest and digest" division

Parasympathetic

Craniosacral division is also called

Parasympathetic division

Identify two major divisions of the ANS

Parasympathetic division and sympathetic division

Intramural ganglia in the large intestine, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs or innervated by the _______ nerves

Pelvic? Or autonomic parasympathetic ganglia

Define dual innervation

Receiving instructions from both ANS divisions (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

Stimulation of a1 adrenergic receptors by norepinephrine results in

Release of calcium ions from intracellular stores

Visceral reflex arcs can bypass CNS neurons in ________ reflexes .

Short

Which division of the ANS is responsible for the physiological changes you experience when startled by a loud noise

Sympathetic nervous system

What brain structure release somatosensory information

Thalamus

Compare the SNS with the ANS

The SNS controls skeletal muscles, Conscious and subconscious. The ANS control visceral function, Mostly outside our awareness

Identify somatic effectors and visceral effectors.

The somatic effector is skeletal muscle. The visceral effectors are smooth muscles, glands, cardiac muscle, and adipocytes.

The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as

Thoracolumbar division

Autonomic motor neurons conduct impulses to smooth and cardiac muscles and glands. true or false

True

Muscarinic receptors are normally activated by acetylcholine. True or false

True

Nicotinic receptors open chemical gated sodium ion channels. true or false

True

The statement " It initiates contraction of urinary bladder smooth muscle" is only true for the parasympathetic nervous system. True or False

True

A visceral motor neuron whose cell body is within the CNS is called a(n) _____ neuron

Upper

Almost 75% of all parasympathetic outflow travels along the _____ nerve(s)

Vagus

Define visceral reflex

an autonomic reflex initiated in the viscera. It is an automatic motor response that can be modified, facilitated, or inhibited by higher centers, especially those of the hypothalamus.

Describe an intramural ganglion

group of neurons embedded in the tissue of a target organ

Sweat glands contain ________ receptors.

muscarinic cholinergic

Define splanchnic nerves

nerves that supply signals and information to and from the visceral organs and blood vessels. 3 groups: cardiopulmonary, abdominopelvic, pelvic

Name the two types of motor pathways

somatic and visceral

Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic Neurons are present in few cranial nerves, need them

|||, V||, |X, X. (3,7,9,10)

Compare short reflexes with long reflexes

•short reflexes are autonomic responses that bypass the CNS -predominate in enteric N.S. • long reflexes involve interneurons within the CNS and autonomic delivery of motor commands to the effectors (organs) -predominate over short