A&P 2 Exam 3

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. 1. right atrium 2. left atrium 3. right ventricle 4. left ventricle 5. venae cavae 6. aorta 7. pulmonary trunk 8. pulmonary veins What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation? 5, 3, 1, 7, 8, 4, 2, 6 1, 2, 7, 8, 3, 4, 6, 5 1, 7, 3, 8, 2, 4, 6, 5 5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6 5, 1, 3, 8, 7, 2, 4, 6

5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6

A procedure in which a length of the patient's vein or artery is used to create a detour around an obstruction in a coronary artery is called ________.

CABG

Cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells differ in a few ways. Which of the following is not one of them? Cardiac muscle cells branch. Cardiac muscle cells are smaller in size. Cardiac muscle cells lack transverse tubules. Cardiac muscle cells have a single, centered nucleus. Skeletal muscle cells lack intercalated discs.

Cardiac muscle cells lack transverse tubules.

In cardiac muscle calcium ions are not released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. calcium ions do not bind to troponin molecules. at least half of the calcium ion required for contraction comes from outside the cell. calcium ions play no role in the process of contraction. calcium ions play an important role in repolarizing the membrane after the depolarization phase.

at least half of the calcium ion required for contraction comes from outside the cell.

The function of the atrium is to collect blood. pump blood to the lungs. pump blood into the systemic circuit. pump blood to the ventricle. both collect blood and pump blood to the ventricle.

both collect blood and pump blood to the ventricle.

An increase in the rate of action potentials from baroreceptors will reflexly lead to increase in heart rate. decrease in heart rate. decrease in blood pressure. both decrease in heart rate and decrease in blood pressure. both increase in heart rate and decrease in blood pressure.

both decrease in heart rate and decrease in blood pressure.

The right atrium receives blood from the superior vena cava. inferior vena cava. coronary sinus. coronary sinus, superior vena cava, and inferior vena cava. superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.

coronary sinus, superior vena cava, and inferior vena cava.

The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the superior vena cava. aorta. coronary sulcus. inferior vena cava. coronary sinus.

coronary sinus.

Identify the structure labeled "6." pulmonary semilunar valve aortic semilunar valve bicuspid valve cusp of tricuspid valve ligamentum arteriosum

cusp of tricuspid valve

When the left ventricle contracts, the diameter of the ventricular chamber decreases. increases. remains the same.

decreases.

When the left ventricle contracts, the distance from the apex to the base increases. decreases. remains unchanged.

decreases.

Artery is to ________ as vein is to ________. toward; away afferent; away efferent; afferent afferent; efferent none of the above

efferent; afferent

The ________ lines the chambers of the heart, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with the endothelium.

endocardium

The ________ covers the outer surface of the heart.

epicardium

The visceral pericardium is the same as the mediastinum. myocardium. endocardium. epicardium. parietal pericardium.

epicardium.

The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the coronary sinus. ligamentum arteriosus. foramen ovale. fossa ovalis. interatrial septum.

foramen ovale.

Depolarization of the atria corresponds to the EKG's QRS complex. S-T segment. P wave. QT interval. T wave.

P wave.

________ carry blood toward the heart.

Veins

Oxygen is removed from blood as it flows through the ________ circuit.

systemic

The ________ circuit carries blood from the aorta to the right ventricle.

systemic

A faster-than-normal heart rate is called ________.

tachycardia

As a result of the long refractory period in the cardiac action potential, cardiac muscle cannot exhibit fatigue. treppe. recruitment. tonus. tetany.

tetany

Blood is supplied to the myocardium by arteries that branch from the pulmonary arteries. the coronary arteries. contact with blood in the pumping chambers. the coronary sinus. both the coronary sinus and the coronary arteries.

the coronary arteries.

Which of the following is greater during left ventricular systole? the peak pressure in the aorta the peak pressure in the ventricle Neither is greater.

the peak pressure in the ventricle

Tetanic muscle contractions don't occur in a normal cardiac muscle because potassium channels outnumber sodium channels. the refractory period ends before the muscle reaches peak tension. neural stimulation is lacking. the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes. cardiac muscle tissue contracts on its own.

the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes.

The pulmonary veins carry blood to the intestines. lungs. liver. heart. brain.

heart

The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow in many directions. in one direction only. in both directions. in opposite directions on the right and left. both in one direction only and in opposite directions on the right and left.

in one direction only.

The ________ separates the two atria.

interatrial septum

The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the right atrium. right ventricle. left atrium. interatrial septum. left ventricle.

interatrial septum.

The ________ is shared by the two ventricles.

interventricular septum

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the conus arteriosus. right ventricle. left ventricle. left atrium. right atrium.

left atrium.

Blood is supplied to the left atrium by the right coronary artery. left coronary artery. brachiocephalic artery. pulmonary arteries. phrenic arteries.

left coronary artery.

The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the left coronary artery. aorta. coronary sinus. interventricular artery. right coronary artery.

left coronary artery.

Identify the structure labeled "21." ligamentum arteriosum pulmonary semilunar valve aortic semilunar valve bicuspid valve tricuspid valve

ligamentum arteriosum

The ________ is a remnant of an important fetal blood vessel that once linked the pulmonary and systemic circuits.

ligamentum arteriosum

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the intestines. brain. lungs. liver. heart.

lungs

Excess fluid in the ________ causes cardiac tamponade. apex of heart both atria pericardial cavity left ventricle visceral pericardium

pericardial cavity

The heart lies within the ________.

pericardial cavity

Contractions of the papillary muscles eject blood from the atria into the ventricles. prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria. close the atrioventricular valves. close the semilunar valves. eject blood from the ventricles.

prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria.

Oxygen is added to blood as it flows through the ________ circuit.

pulmonary

The ________ circuit carries blood to and from the lungs.

pulmonary

Identify the structure labeled "19." tricuspid valve ligamentum arteriosum pulmonary semilunar valve aortic semilunar valve bicuspid valve

pulmonary semilunar valve

Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the bicuspid valve. tricuspid valve. aortic valve. pulmonary valve. mitral valve.

pulmonary valve.

Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics, except that it pumps a greater volume. is round in cross section. produces about six to eight times more pressure when it contracts. works harder. has a thicker wall.

pumps a greater volume.

The right ventricle pumps blood to the left atrium. aorta. right and left lungs. left ventricle. right atrium.

right and left lungs.

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the left atrium. conus arteriosus. right ventricle. right atrium. left ventricle.

right atrium.

Coronary veins empty into the conus arteriosus. right atrium. left ventricle. right ventricle. left atrium.

right atrium.

The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the coronary sinus. aorta. circumflex artery. left coronary artery. right coronary artery.

right coronary artery.

The wall of the ________ rests on the diaphragm.

right ventricle

The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the pulmonary trunk. pulmonary veins. left atrium. aorta. right ventricle.

right ventricle.

As the left ventricle contracts, it bulges into the ________.

right ventricular cavity

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in the sinoatrial node. atrioventricular node. wall of the left ventricle. Purkinje fibers. both the left and right ventricles.

sinoatrial node.

A fine tubular wire mesh called a ________ may be inserted into a coronary vessel, holding it open.

stent

The heart pumps approximately ________ liters of blood each day. 8,000 15,000 20,000 50,000 100,000

8,000

At a heart rate of 60 beats/minute, a cardiac cycle lasts 60 milliseconds. 370 milliseconds. 630 milliseconds. 1 second. 60 seconds.

1 second.

Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit? 5 10 16 13 both 5 and 16

16

There are ________ pulmonary veins. 2 4 8 6 none of the above

4

The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart. 1. Purkinje fibers 2. AV bundle 3. AV node 4. SA node 5. bundle branches The sequence in which excitation would move through this system is 3, 5, 4, 2, 1. 4, 2, 3, 5, 1. 1, 4, 3, 2, 5. 3, 2, 4, 5, 1. 4, 3, 2, 5, 1.

4, 3, 2, 5, 1.

The heart is roughly the size of the hand of a 10-year-old. a thigh. a man's clenched fist. Texas. the gallbladder.

a man's clenched fist.

________ is the symptom generally brought on by coronary ischemia.

Angina pectoris

________ carry blood away from the heart.

Arteries

What effect would compressing the inferior vena cava just below the diaphragm have on cardiac function? Sympathetic stimulation of the heart would increase. Stroke volume would increase. Cardiac output would increase. all of the above Stroke volume would increase and cardiac output would increase.

Sympathetic stimulation of the heart would increase.

If there is a complete block between the SA node and the AV node, how would the ECG be affected? The ventricles will stop beating. There will be much bigger P waves. The P-R interval will be shorter. The QRS duration will be longer. The rate of P waves will be faster than the rate of QRS complexes.

The rate of P waves will be faster than the rate of QRS complexes.

The long-term success rate of angioplasty greatly increases with the use of stents. True False

True

Intercalated discs serve to transfer ________ from cell to cell. ionic currents the force of contraction action potentials all of the above ionic currents and action potentials only

all of the above

Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in mitral valve prolapse. mitral regurgitation. bicuspid prolapse. bicuspid regurgitation. all of the above

all of the above

The connective tissue fibers of the myocardium provide physical support for cardiac muscle. add strength and prevent overexpansion of the heart. help distribute the forces of contraction. provide elasticity to help return the heart to its normal size. all of the above

all of the above

The interventricular sulci and coronary sulcus contain veins. fat. arteries. all of the above arteries and veins only

all of the above

In a procedure known as balloon ________, an inflatable balloon at the end of a catheter is used to press plaque back against the vessel wall.

angioplasty

The left ventricle pumps blood to the aorta. lungs. pulmonary circuit. right ventricle. right atrium.

aorta

The inferior point of the heart is called the ________.

apex

Which of the following descriptions matches the term near the left fifth intercostal space? aorta visceral pericardium apex of heart pericardial cavity right atrium

apex of heart

The term ________ refers to blockage in the coronary circulation.

coronary artery disease

The heart has four chambers, two small thin-walled ________ and two large muscular ________.

atria,ventricles

The earlike extension of the atrium is the atricle. ventricle. auricle. coronary sulcus. coronary sinus.

auricle.

The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the ________.

base

The bicuspid or mitral valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle. in the opening of the pulmonary trunk. in the opening of the aorta. between the right atrium and right ventricle. where the venae cavae join the right atrium.

between the left atrium and left ventricle.

The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium. pulmonic bicuspid tricuspid semicaval semilunar

bicuspid

In order to perform a CABG, a cardiac surgeon must open the pericardial sac. visualize the visceral pericardium. visualize the parietal pericardium. both open the pericardial sac and visualize the visceral pericardium. open the pericardial sac, visualize the visceral pericardium, and visualize the parietal pericardium.

both open the pericardial sac and visualize the visceral pericardium.

Which of these comparisons between skeletal and heart muscle is false? both trigger contraction by membrane depolarization. both have T-tubules. both release calcium ion from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. both rely entirely on oxidative metabolism for energy. both are striated.

both rely entirely on oxidative metabolism for energy.

During the T wave of the electrocardiogram, the ventricles are contracting. repolarizing. depolarizing. relaxing. both repolarizing and relaxing.

both repolarizing and relaxing.

The ________ deliver(s) blood to the myocardium. right coronary artery superior vena cava right coronary vein left coronary artery both right coronary artery and left coronary artery

both right coronary artery and left coronary artery

The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right because the left ventricle does more work than the right ventricle. the left ventricle pumps a greater volume of blood than the right ventricle. the left ventricle produces a higher pressure than the right. both the left ventricle does more work than the right ventricle and the left ventricle pumps a greater volume of blood than the right ventricle. both the left ventricle does more work than the right ventricle and the left ventricle produces a higher pressure than the right.

both the left ventricle does more work than the right ventricle and the left ventricle produces a higher pressure than the right.

A slower-than-normal heart rate is called ________.

bradycardia

The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to calcium channels remaining open. movement of fewer sodium ions across the cell membrane. increased membrane permeability to sodium ions. increased membrane permeability to potassium ion. decrease in the amount of calcium diffusing across the membrane.

calcium channels remaining open.

Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of cardiac myocytes. epitheliocytes. smooth muscle cells. fibrocytes. chondrocytes.

cardiac myocytes.

The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as cardiomyopathy. cardiac tamponade. mitral valve prolapse. pleural effusion. pericarditis.

cardiac tamponade.

The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to chordae tendineae. papillary muscles. interatrial septa. coronary sulci. trabeculae carneae.

chordae tendineae.

As blood leaves the right ventricle it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk. superior vena cava aorta inferior vena cava conus arteriosus pulmonary veins

conus arteriosus

The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries. pulmonary carotid subclavian coronary circumflex

coronary

The coronary sulcus is a groove that marks the border between the atria and ventricles. separates the coronary arteries from the coronary veins. separates the atrioventricular valves from the atria. marks the boundary line between the right and left atria. marks the boundary line between the right and left ventricles.

marks the border between the atria and ventricles.

The space between the pleural cavities is called the ________.

mediastinum

In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the pericardial space. ventral cavity. mediastinum. pleural space. cardiac notch.

mediastinum.

The muscle layer of the heart is the ________.

myocardium

When the semilunar valves close, the AV valves then open. make the third heart sound. close. both open and make the third heart sound. both close and make the third heart sound.

open

Identify the structure labeled "8." chordae tendineae moderator band pectinate muscles trabeculae carneae papillary muscles

papillary muscles

If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked, the ventricular beat will remain unchanged. cardiac output will increase. the ventricles will beat faster. the ventricles will beat more slowly. both the ventricles will beat faster and cardiac output will increase.

the ventricles will beat more slowly.

Muscular ridges on the inner surface of the ventricles are called ________.

trabeculae carneae

Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve. pulmonary semilunar tricuspid aortic semilunar bicuspid mitral

tricuspid

An equivalent term for epicardium is ________.

visceral pericardium