A&P 2 Final

Veins of the upper arm include the ____ vein(s).

All of the stated veins are true.

_____ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.

Anemia

The contraction phase of the upper chambers of the heart is called

Atrial systole

The earlike extension of the atrium is the

Auricle

During the cardiac cycle,

Both QRS complex of the ECG precedes the increase pressure and first heart sound coincides with the QRS complex of the ECG.

____ is to slow heart rate as ____ is to fast heart rate

Bradycardia; tachycardia

The process of fibrinolysis

Dissolves clots

Tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the ____ pathway

Extrinsic

____________ transport(s) oxygen and CO2 in the RBCs.

Hemoglobin molecules

The _____ separates the two atria

Interatrial septum

Most of the mass of the heart lies to the _____ of the midline.

Left

All of the following are components of the circulatory system except:

Lymph vessels

The space between the pleural cavities containing only the heart, great vessels, thymus, trachea and esophagus is called the

Mediastinum

Which of the following statements about blood is false?

Normal pH is 6.8 to 7.0

Overall, the most common blood type is

O.

Depolarization of the atria corresponds to the ECG's

P wave

The cavity that contains only the heart is the

Pericardial cavity

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is

Plasmin

Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the

Pulmonary valve

Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the _____ in an ECG tracing.

QRS complex

Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the

QRS complex

If a patient's bicupsid valve was leaking during systole, what would happen?

Regurgitation into the right atrium

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the

Release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium

The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the

Right coronary artery

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in the

Sinoatrial node

Analysis of the electrocardiogram can reveal all of the following except:

Stroke volume

The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the

Stroke volume

_____ is to contraction as _____ is to relaxation

Systole; diastole

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because

Their blood lacks A or B antibodies

An equivalent term for epicardium is

Visceral pericardium

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if

a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.

The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from

depolarization of the atria

At the knee, the small saphenous and popliteal veins unite to form the ____ vein.

femoral

Rouleaux refers to the ability of RBCs to

form stacks

A hematocrit provides information on

formed elements abundance

The waste product bilirubin is produced from

heme molecules lacking iron

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of

hemorrhage

An increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is termed

hyperchromic.

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

immunoglobulins

An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in

increased erythropoiesis.

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by

infections of vitamin B12

Identify the vein labeled "10".

inferior vena cava

Plasma is closest in composition to

interstitial fluid

The left border of the heart is formed by the

left atrium and left ventricle.

A cancer of the white blood cells is called

leukemia.

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins ?

liver

Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

lungs.

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called

megakaryocytes

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when

oxygen levels in the blood decrease and blood flow to the kidney declines.

A person's blood type is determined largely by the

presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.

As blood travels from arteries to veins,

pressure drops

Figure 19-1, identify the structure labeled "19".

pulmonary semilunar valve

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is

recycled to the red bone marrow

Granulocytes form in

red bone marrow.

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is

red bone marrow.

Venoconstriction _____ the amount of blood within the venous system, which _____ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.

reduces; increases

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the

release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium.

Figure 19-2, what occurs at "B" on the graph?

semilunar valve closes

When blood is fractionated, its components are ______ for the purpose of analysis.

separated

The normal pH of blood is

slightly alkaline.

The mitral valve closes

All of the answers are correct.

The right atrium receives blood from the

All of the answers are correct.

The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from

All of the answers are correct.

Figure 19-1, identify the structure labeled "6".

cusp of tricuspid valve

Platelets are

cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.

If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be _____ mm Hg.

100

There are ____ pulmonary veins

4

A typical adult hematocrit is around

45.

The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately ____ liters.

5 to 6

The first heart sound is heard when the

AV valves close.

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by

Activation of proenzymes exposed to collagen

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A sera but not with the anti-B or anti-D sera. This means

All of the answers are correct.

The interventricular sulci and coronary sulcus contain

All of the answers are correct.

______ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Coagulation

_____ are multiple arteries joined in order to serve a single capillary network

Collaterals

Blood is supplied to the myocardium by

Coronary arteries

The common iliac artery branches off of the

abdominal aorta

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the

all of the answers are correct

Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood?

antibodies

The inferior point of the heart is called the

apex.

The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the

base.

All of the vessel names below refer to both an artery and a vein except

basilic.

The bicuspid, or mitral, valve is located

between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Identify the artery labeled "1".

brachiocephalic

Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of

cardiac muscle cells.

The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to

chordae tendineae.

The first heart sound ("lubb") is associated with

closing of the mitral valve.

The function of the atrium is to

collect blood and pump blood to the ventricle.

Identify the artery labeled "6".

common iliac

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

continuous capillaries

The common pathway of coagulation begins with the

conversion of Factor X to prothrombin activator.

A faster-than-normal heart rate is called

tachycardia.

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by

thrombin.

The muscular layer of a blood vessel is the

tunica media

The brachial artery branches to form the radial and ____ arteries.

ulnar

The T wave on an ECG tracing represents

ventricular repolarization

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood except:

viscosity about the same as water

Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate?

vitamin B12 deficiency

The most abundant component of plasma is

water

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

whole blood.