A&P Bone Tissue

19. The center cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone is called the __________. A. marrow cavity B. central canal C. nutrient foramen D. canaliculus E. epiphysis

A. marrow cavity Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F03.01 Identify the structural components of a long bone, with emphasis on region of longitudinal growth. HAPS Topic: Module F03 Structural components - gross anatomy. Learning Outcome: 07.01d Describe the general features of a long bone and a flat bone. Section: 07.01 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of bone

33. Which one of the following bone cells would have the greatest number of lysosomes? A. Osteoblasts B. Osteoclasts C. Osteocytes D. Osteogenic cells E. Stem cells

B. Osteoclasts Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F05.01 Compare and contrast the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts during bone growth, repair, and remodeling. HAPS Topic: Module F05 Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling. Learning Outcome: 07.02a List and describe the cells, fibers, and ground substance of bone tissue. Section: 07.02 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of bone

16. Which of the following is not a function of the skeleton? A. Storage of calcium and phosphate ions B. Storage of red blood cells C. Providing support for most muscles D. Protecting the brain E. Protecting the spinal cord

B. Storage of red blood cells Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F01.01 Describe the major functions of the skeletal system. HAPS Topic: Module F01 General functions of bone and the skeletal system. Learning Outcome: 07.01b State several functions of the skeletal system. Section: 07.01 Topic: General functions of bone and the skeletal system

25. When ____________ become enclosed in lacunae, they become cells called _____________. A. osteogenic cells; osteoblasts B. osteoblasts; osteoclasts C. osteoblasts; osteocytes D. osteocytes; osteoclasts E. osteocytes; osteoblasts

C. osteoblasts; osteocytes Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F02.01 List and describe the cellular and extracellular components of bone tissue. HAPS Topic: Module F02 Structural components - microscopic anatomy. Learning Outcome: 07.02a List and describe the cells, fibers, and ground substance of bone tissue. Section: 07.02 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of bone

12. Hypercalcemia is rare, but hypocalcemia can result from a wide variety of conditions.

TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the skeletal system and articulations that could disrupt homeostasis. HAPS Topic: Module F10 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states and disorders. Learning Outcome: 07.04b Discuss the role of the bones in regulating blood calcium and phosphate levels. Section: 07.04 Topic: Clinical applications of the skeletal system Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

15. Osteoporosis often leads to an exaggerated thoracic spinal curvature, which is called kyphosis.

TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F10.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the skeletal system and articulations could not maintain homeostasis. HAPS Topic: Module F10 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states and disorders. Learning Outcome: 07.05a Name and describe several bone diseases. Section: 07.05 Topic: Clinical applications of the skeletal system

11. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) binds to receptors on osteoblasts.

TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F05.03 Explain the roles of calcitonin, parathyroid hormone and calcitriol in bone remodeling and blood calcium regulation. HAPS Topic: Module F05 Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling. Learning Outcome: 07.04c Name the main hormones that regulate bone physiology and describe their effects. Section: 07.04 Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

10. Hypercalcemia causes depression of the nervous system.

TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the skeletal system and articulations that could disrupt homeostasis. HAPS Topic: Module F10 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states and disorders. Learning Outcome: 07.04b Discuss the role of the bones in regulating blood calcium and phosphate levels. Section: 07.04 Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

45. Which of the following exemplifies a positive feedback process happening in bone mineral deposition? A. The first few crystals that form attract more calcium and phosphate. B. Osteoblasts neutralize inhibitors that prevent bone resorption. C. Osteoclasts secrete acid phosphatase that digests collagen. D. Collagen is digested by enzymes and hydroxyapatite by hydrochloric acid. E. Solubility product is reached in the tissue fluids.

A. The first few crystals that form attract more calcium and phosphate. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F09.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the skeletal system and articulations respond to maintain homeostasis in the body. HAPS Objective: F09.02 Explain how the skeletal system and articulations relate to other body systems to maintain homeostasis. HAPS Topic: Module F09 Application of homeostatic mechanisms. Learning Outcome: 07.04a Describe the processes by which minerals are added to and removed from bone tissue. Section: 07.04 Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

41. Bone elongation is a result of __________. A. cartilage growth B. muscle growth C. osseous tissue growth D. fibrous membrane addition E. dense irregular connective tissue addition

A. cartilage growth Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F05.04 Contrast the remodeling processes of a child (birth to adolescence) and an adult (middle to old age). HAPS Topic: Module F05 Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling. Learning Outcome: 07.03b Explain how mature bone continues to grow and remodel itself. Section: 07.03 Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

17. Osseous tissue is a(an) ____________ tissue. A. connective B. epithelial C. dense regular D. dense irregular E. reticular

A. connective Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F02.02 Identify the internal structural components of compact bone and spongy bone. HAPS Topic: Module F02 Structural components - microscopic anatomy. Learning Outcome: 07.01c Distinguish between bone as a tissue and bone as an organ. Section: 07.01 Topic: General functions of bone and the skeletal system

22. The expanded head at each end of a long bone is called the __________. A. epiphysis B. diaphysis C. articular cartilage D. periosteum E. endosteum

A. epiphysis Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F03.01 Identify the structural components of a long bone, with emphasis on region of longitudinal growth. HAPS Topic: Module F03 Structural components - gross anatomy. Learning Outcome: 07.01d Describe the general features of a long bone and a flat bone. Section: 07.01 Topic: Gross anatomy of bone

65. The _____ is an example of bone as an organ; _____ bone is an example of bone as a tissue. A. femur; spongy B. spongy; femur C. skull; marrow D. compact; sesamoid

A. femur; spongy Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F02.02 Identify the internal structural components of compact bone and spongy bone. HAPS Topic: Module F02 Structural components - microscopic anatomy. Learning Outcome: 07.01c Distinguish between bone as a tissue and bone as an organ. Section: 07.01 Topic: Organization of the skeletal system

30. The hardness of bone comes from __________, whereas __________ provide(s) some degree of flexibility. A. hydroxyapatite and other minerals; proteins B. collagen and elastic fibers; minerals C. glycoproteins; proteoglycans D. calcium carbonate; calcium phosphate E. proteins; collagen

A. hydroxyapatite and other minerals; proteins Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F02.01 List and describe the cellular and extracellular components of bone tissue. HAPS Topic: Module F02 Structural components - microscopic anatomy. Learning Outcome: 07.02a List and describe the cells, fibers, and ground substance of bone tissue. Section: 07.02 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of bone

37. The __________ is a marginal zone of the epiphyseal plate where, in children and adolescents, bone can be seen replacing the hyaline cartilage. A. metaphysis B. primary ossification center C. secondary ossification center D. osteoid tissue E. epiphyseal line

A. metaphysis Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F05.04 Contrast the remodeling processes of a child (birth to adolescence) and an adult (middle to old age). HAPS Topic: Module F05 Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling. Learning Outcome: 07.03a Describe two mechanisms of bone formation. Section: 07.03 Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

31. The plasma membrane of __________ have a ruffled border with many deep infoldings, whereas __________ have long, thin, fingerlike cytoplasmic processes. A. osteoclasts; osteocytes B. osteocytes; osteoclasts C. osteoblasts; osteoclasts D. osteoblasts; osteocytes E. osteocytes; osteogenic cells

A. osteoclasts; osteocytes Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F02.01 List and describe the cellular and extracellular components of bone tissue. HAPS Topic: Module F02 Structural components - microscopic anatomy. Learning Outcome: 07.02a List and describe the cells, fibers, and ground substance of bone tissue. Section: 07.02 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of bone

54. If a thyroid tumor secreted an excessive amount of calcitonin, we would expect ___________. A. an elevated level of osteoclast activity B. an elevated level of osteoblast activity C. a reduced rate of endochondral ossification D. a rise in blood calcium concentration E. increasingly brittle bones

B. an elevated level of osteoblast activity Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F10.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the skeletal system and articulations could not maintain homeostasis. HAPS Topic: Module F10 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states and disorders. Learning Outcome: 07.04c Name the main hormones that regulate bone physiology and describe their effects. Section: 07.04 Topic: Clinical applications of the skeletal system Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

39. Chondrocytes multiply in the zone of __________ of the metaphysis. A. reserve cartilage B. cell proliferation C. cell hypertrophy D. calcification E. bone deposition

B. cell proliferation Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F05.04 Contrast the remodeling processes of a child (birth to adolescence) and an adult (middle to old age). HAPS Topic: Module F05 Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling. Learning Outcome: 07.03b Explain how mature bone continues to grow and remodel itself. Section: 07.03 Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

21. The cortex of the long bone's diaphysis is made of _________. A. marrow B. compact bone C. spongy bone D. dense regular connective tissue E. articular cartilage

B. compact bone Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F03.01 Identify the structural components of a long bone, with emphasis on region of longitudinal growth. HAPS Topic: Module F03 Structural components - gross anatomy. Learning Outcome: 07.01d Describe the general features of a long bone and a flat bone. Section: 07.01 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of bone

35. Intramembranous ossification produces the __________. A. irregular bones of the vertebrae B. flat bones of the skull C. long bones of the limbs D. short bones of the wrist E. short bones of the ankle

B. flat bones of the skull Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F04.02 Compare and contrast intramembranous and endochondral (intracartilaginous) bone formation. HAPS Topic: Module F04 Physiology of embryonic bone formation (ossification, osteogenesis). Learning Outcome: 07.03a Describe two mechanisms of bone formation. Section: 07.03 Topic: Physiology of embryonic bone formation

42. Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of __________. A. different diets on bone elongation B. mechanical stress on bone remodeling C. temperature on bone growth D. age on bone thickening E. sex on bone widening

B. mechanical stress on bone remodeling Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F05.04 Contrast the remodeling processes of a child (birth to adolescence) and an adult (middle to old age). HAPS Topic: Module F05 Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling. Learning Outcome: 07.03b Explain how mature bone continues to grow and remodel itself. Section: 07.03 Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

24. Bone-forming cells are called __________. A. osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cells B. osteoblasts C. osteoclasts D. osteocytes E. osteons

B. osteoblasts Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F02.01 List and describe the cellular and extracellular components of bone tissue. HAPS Topic: Module F02 Structural components - microscopic anatomy. Learning Outcome: 07.02a List and describe the cells, fibers, and ground substance of bone tissue. Section: 07.02 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of bone

63. The most common bone disease is __________. A. osteomyelitis B. osteoporosis C. osteosarcoma D. osteomalacia E. rickets

B. osteoporosis Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F10.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the skeletal system and articulations could not maintain homeostasis. HAPS Topic: Module F10 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states and disorders. Learning Outcome: 07.05a Name and describe several bone diseases. Section: 07.05 Topic: Clinical applications of the skeletal system

58. The result of blood calcium and phosphate levels being too low for normal deposition is a softness of the bones called __________ in children and __________ in adults. A. osteomalacia; rickets B. rickets; osteomalacia C. osteoporosis; osteomalacia D. osteomyelitis; osteosarcoma E. osteomyelitis; osteomalacia

B. rickets; osteomalacia Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F10.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the skeletal system and articulations could not maintain homeostasis. HAPS Topic: Module F10 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states and disorders. Learning Outcome: 07.05a Name and describe several bone diseases. Section: 07.05 Topic: Clinical applications of the skeletal system Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

29. Red bone marrow does not contain __________. A. myeloid tissue B. yellow bone marrow C. hemopoietic tissue D. white blood cells E. red blood cells

B. yellow bone marrow Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F02.02 Identify the internal structural components of compact bone and spongy bone. HAPS Topic: Module F02 Structural components - microscopic anatomy. Learning Outcome: 07.02d Distinguish between the two types of bone marrow. Section: 07.02 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of bone

61. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture? A. Bone remodeling → soft callus formation → hard callus formation → hematoma formation B. Bone remodeling → hard callus formation → soft callus formation → hematoma formation C. Hematoma formation → soft callus formation → hard callus formation → bone remodeling D. Hematoma formation → hard callus formation → soft callus formation → bone remodeling E. Soft callus formation → hard callus formation → hematoma formation → bone remodeling

C. Hematoma formation → soft callus formation → hard callus formation → bone remodeling Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F05.01 Compare and contrast the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts during bone growth, repair, and remodeling. HAPS Topic: Module F05 Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling. Learning Outcome: 07.05c Explain how a fracture is repaired. Section: 07.05 Topic: Clinical applications of the skeletal system Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

48. Which of the following is not a function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)? A. Promote calcium reabsorption by the kidneys B. Stimulate osteoclast activity C. Lower blood calcium D. Promote calcitriol synthesis E. Inhibit osteoblast activity

C. Lower blood calcium Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F05.03 Explain the roles of calcitonin, parathyroid hormone and calcitriol in bone remodeling and blood calcium regulation. HAPS Topic: Module F05 Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling. Learning Outcome: 07.04c Name the main hormones that regulate bone physiology and describe their effects. Section: 07.04 Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

53. Arteriosclerosis is one example of ectopic ossification, which means __________. A. the solubility product has been reached B. artery mineralization by osteoblasts C. abnormal calcification of a tissue D. accumulation of collagenous fibers in blood vessels E. ossification of an entire blood vessel

C. abnormal calcification of a tissue Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F10.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the skeletal system and articulations could not maintain homeostasis. HAPS Topic: Module F10 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states and disorders. Learning Outcome: 07.04b Discuss the role of the bones in regulating blood calcium and phosphate levels. Section: 07.04 Topic: Clinical applications of the skeletal system Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

57. A fracture in which the bone is broken into three or more pieces is called a __________ fracture. A. linear B. pott C. comminuted D. greenstick E. compound

C. comminuted Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic Learning Outcome: 07.05b Name and describe the types of fractures. Section: 07.05 Topic: Clinical applications of the skeletal system Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

56. Osteoporosis is most common in elderly women because of the lack of ___________, which would otherwise inhibit ____________. A. dietary calcium; estrogen production B. osteoblasts; osteoclast activity C. estrogen; osteoclast activity D. parathyroid hormone; osteocyte activity E. exercise; osteoblast activity

C. estrogen; osteoclast activity Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F10.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the skeletal system and articulations could not maintain homeostasis. HAPS Topic: Module F10 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states and disorders. Learning Outcome: 07.05a Name and describe several bone diseases. Section: 07.05 Topic: Clinical applications of the skeletal system Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

36. In endochondral ossification, the precursor connective tissue is __________, which is replaced by bone. A. embryonic mesenchyme B. fibrous membranes C. hyaline cartilage D. transitional epithelium E. fibrocartilage

C. hyaline cartilage Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F04.02 Compare and contrast intramembranous and endochondral (intracartilaginous) bone formation. HAPS Topic: Module F04 Physiology of embryonic bone formation (ossification, osteogenesis). Learning Outcome: 07.03a Describe two mechanisms of bone formation. Section: 07.03 Topic: Physiology of embryonic bone formation

51. Blood Ca2+ deficiency stimulates __________ secretion, which leads to __________. A. calcitonin; more urinary phosphate reabsorption B. calcitriol; more urinary phosphate excretion C. parathyroid hormone; increased osteoclast activity D. growth hormone; increased osteoblast activity E. thyroid hormone; less urinary calcium excretion

C. parathyroid hormone; increased osteoclast activity Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F05.03 Explain the roles of calcitonin, parathyroid hormone and calcitriol in bone remodeling and blood calcium regulation. HAPS Topic: Module F05 Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling. Learning Outcome: 07.04c Name the main hormones that regulate bone physiology and describe their effects. Section: 07.04 Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

47. Calcium plays an essential role in all of the following except __________. A. muscle contraction B. exocytosis C. blood clotting D. DNA synthesis E. communication among neurons

D. DNA synthesis Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F02.01 List and describe the cellular and extracellular components of bone tissue. HAPS Objective: F09.02 Explain how the skeletal system and articulations relate to other body systems to maintain homeostasis. HAPS Topic: Module F02 Structural components - microscopic anatomy. HAPS Topic: Module F09 Application of homeostatic mechanisms. Learning Outcome: 07.04b Discuss the role of the bones in regulating blood calcium and phosphate levels. Section: 07.04 Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

27. Which of the following is an inorganic component of the bone matrix? A. Proteoglycans B. Glycoproteins C. Collagen D. Hydroxyapatite E. Glycosaminoglycans

D. Hydroxyapatite Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F02.02 Identify the internal structural components of compact bone and spongy bone. HAPS Topic: Module F02 Structural components - microscopic anatomy. Learning Outcome: 07.02a List and describe the cells, fibers, and ground substance of bone tissue. Section: 07.02 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of bone

50. Which of the following does not put women at risk for hypocalcemia? A. Lactation B. Pregnancy C. Removal of the parathyroid glands D. Removal of the thyroid gland E. Lack of exposure to UV radiation

D. Removal of the thyroid gland Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the skeletal system and articulations that could disrupt homeostasis. HAPS Topic: Module F10 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states and disorders. Learning Outcome: 07.04c Name the main hormones that regulate bone physiology and describe their effects. Section: 07.04 Topic: Clinical applications of the skeletal system Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

32. What would you find in the marrow cavity of the diaphysis of an adult humerus (arm bone)? A. Periosteum B. Hemopoietic tissue C. Red bone marrow D. Yellow bone marrow E. Compact bone

D. Yellow bone marrow Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F02.02 Identify the internal structural components of compact bone and spongy bone. HAPS Topic: Module F02 Structural components - microscopic anatomy. Learning Outcome: 07.02d Distinguish between the two types of bone marrow. Section: 07.02 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of bone

40. Mature bones are remodeled throughout life via a process known as __________. A. intramembranous ossification B. endochondral ossification C. interstitial growth D. appositional growth E. metaphysical growth

D. appositional growth Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F05.04 Contrast the remodeling processes of a child (birth to adolescence) and an adult (middle to old age). HAPS Topic: Module F05 Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling. Learning Outcome: 07.03b Explain how mature bone continues to grow and remodel itself. Section: 07.03 Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

34. It is common to find __________ in compact bone, but they are not seen in spongy bone. A. lamellae B. osteoclasts C. lacunae D. central canals E. osteocytes

D. central canals Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F02.02 Identify the internal structural components of compact bone and spongy bone. HAPS Topic: Module F02 Structural components - microscopic anatomy. Learning Outcome: 07.02c Compare the histology of the two types of bone tissue. Section: 07.02 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of bone

20. The thin layer of slightly denser spongy bone that separates an adult's epiphysis from the diaphysis is called the __________. A. periosteum B. metaphysis C. growth plate D. epiphyseal line E. diaphyseal line

D. epiphyseal line Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F03.01 Identify the structural components of a long bone, with emphasis on region of longitudinal growth. HAPS Topic: Module F03 Structural components - gross anatomy. Learning Outcome: 07.01d Describe the general features of a long bone and a flat bone. Section: 07.01 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of bone

26. The spaces found within the concentric lamellae are called __________, and they contain __________. A. canaliculi; osteoblasts B. osteons; stem cells C. lacunae; osteocytes D. lacunae; osteoclasts E. central canals; osteocytes

D. lacunae; osteoclasts Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F02.02 Identify the internal structural components of compact bone and spongy bone. HAPS Topic: Module F02 Structural components - microscopic anatomy. Learning Outcome: 07.02c Compare the histology of the two types of bone tissue. Section: 07.02 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of bone

59. Bone protrudes through the skin in a fracture called __________. A. complete B. incomplete C. closed D. open E. displaced

D. open Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic Learning Outcome: 07.05b Name and describe the types of fractures. Section: 07.05 Topic: Clinical applications of the skeletal system Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

60. A break in a bone that is already weakened by some other disease is called a(n) __________ fracture. A. greenstick B. open C. closed D. pathologic E. displaced

D. pathologic Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic Learning Outcome: 07.05b Name and describe the types of fractures. Section: 07.05 Topic: Clinical applications of the skeletal system Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

23. A long bone is covered externally with a sheath called the __________, whereas the marrow cavity is lined with the __________. A. epiphysis; diaphysis B. diaphysis; epiphysis C. compact bone; spongy bone D. periosteum; endosteum E. endosteum; periosteum

D. periosteum; endosteum Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F03.01 Identify the structural components of a long bone, with emphasis on region of longitudinal growth. HAPS Topic: Module F03 Structural components - gross anatomy. Learning Outcome: 07.01d Describe the general features of a long bone and a flat bone. Section: 07.01 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of bone

44. The process of dissolving bone and returning its minerals to the bloodstream is known as _________. A. mineralization B. mineral deposition C. crystallization D. resorption E. ossification

D. resorption Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F09.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the skeletal system and articulations respond to maintain homeostasis in the body. HAPS Objective: F09.02 Explain how the skeletal system and articulations relate to other body systems to maintain homeostasis. HAPS Topic: Module F09 Application of homeostatic mechanisms. Learning Outcome: 07.04a Describe the processes by which minerals are added to and removed from bone tissue. Section: 07.04 Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

18. Which of the following tissues is not found as part of a long bone? A. Osseous tissue B. Nervous tissue C. Adipose tissue D. Cartilage E. Transitional epithelium

E. Transitional epithelium Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F03.01 Identify the structural components of a long bone, with emphasis on region of longitudinal growth. HAPS Topic: Module F03 Structural components - gross anatomy. Learning Outcome: 07.01a Name the tissues and organs that compose the skeletal system. Section: 07.01 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of bone

46. Phosphate is necessary for all of the following except __________. A. ATP B. DNA C. phospholipids D. RNA E. amino acids

E. amino acids Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F02.01 List and describe the cellular and extracellular components of bone tissue. HAPS Objective: F09.02 Explain how the skeletal system and articulations relate to other body systems to maintain homeostasis. HAPS Topic: Module F02 Structural components - microscopic anatomy. HAPS Topic: Module F09 Application of homeostatic mechanisms. Learning Outcome: 07.04b Discuss the role of the bones in regulating blood calcium and phosphate levels. Section: 07.04 Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

43. A growing long bone in a child has only two areas of cartilage at the epiphysis. These two areas are the __________. A. elastic cartilage and epiphyseal plate B. epiphyseal plate and epiphyseal line C. primary and secondary ossification centers D. fibrocartilage and articular cartilage E. articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate

E. articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate

43. A growing long bone in a child has only two areas of cartilage at the epiphysis. These two areas are the __________. A. elastic cartilage and epiphyseal plate B. epiphyseal plate and epiphyseal line C. primary and secondary ossification centers D. fibrocartilage and articular cartilage E. articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate

E. articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F05.04 Contrast the remodeling processes of a child (birth to adolescence) and an adult (middle to old age). HAPS Topic: Module F05 Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling. Learning Outcome: 07.03b Explain how mature bone continues to grow and remodel itself. Section: 07.03 Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

49. Synthesized by the combined action of the skin, kidneys, and liver, _________ is important to the deposition of bone. A. growth hormone B. testosterone C. estrogen D. calcitonin E. calcitriol

E. calcitriol Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F05.03 Explain the roles of calcitonin, parathyroid hormone and calcitriol in bone remodeling and blood calcium regulation. HAPS Topic: Module F05 Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling. Learning Outcome: 07.04c Name the main hormones that regulate bone physiology and describe their effects. Section: 07.04 Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

38. Achondroplastic dwarfism is a hereditary condition, in which the long bones of the limbs fail to elongate normally because of reduced hyperplasia and hypertrophy of cartilage in the __________. A. primary ossification center B. secondary ossification center C. primary bone marrow D. secondary bone marrow E. epiphyseal plate

E. epiphyseal plate Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F05.04 Contrast the remodeling processes of a child (birth to adolescence) and an adult (middle to old age). HAPS Topic: Module F05 Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling. Learning Outcome: 07.03a Describe two mechanisms of bone formation. Section: 07.03 Topic: Clinical applications of the skeletal system Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling Topic: Physiology of embryonic bone formation

62. Patches of fibrocartilage formed in the healing of a fracture are called __________, whereas the bony collar formed around the fracture is called __________. A. fracture hematoma; granulation tissue B. granulation tissue; soft callus C. fracture hematoma; hard callus D. granulation tissue; hard callus E. soft callus; hard callus

E. soft callus; hard callus Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F05.01 Compare and contrast the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts during bone growth, repair, and remodeling. HAPS Topic: Module F05 Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling. Learning Outcome: 07.05c Explain how a fracture is repaired. Section: 07.05 Topic: Clinical applications of the skeletal system Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

28. Spicules and trabeculae are found in __________. A. compact bone B. bone matrix C. yellow bone marrow D. red bone marrow E. spongy bone

E. spongy bone Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F02.02 Identify the internal structural components of compact bone and spongy bone. HAPS Topic: Module F02 Structural components - microscopic anatomy. Learning Outcome: 07.02b State the importance of each constituent of bone tissue Section: 07.02 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of bone

55. A soft callus forms during ___________. A. endochondral ossification B. intramembranous ossification C. bone growth at the metaphysis D. the remodeling of bone E. the healing of a fracture

E. the healing of a fracture Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 3. Apply Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F05.04 Contrast the remodeling processes of a child (birth to adolescence) and an adult (middle to old age). HAPS Topic: Module F05 Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling. Learning Outcome: 07.05c Explain how a fracture is repaired. Section: 07.05 Topic: Physiology of embryonic bone formation

6. Osteogenic cells are bone stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

FALSE Osteoclasts are not derived from osteoprogenitor cells. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F04.01 Explain the roles osteogenic cells play in the formation of bone tissue. HAPS Topic: Module F04 Physiology of embryonic bone formation (ossification, osteogenesis). Learning Outcome: 07.02a List and describe the cells, fibers, and ground substance of bone tissue. Section: 07.02 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of bone

66. Red bone marrow is important in the production of new bone cells.

FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F02.02 Identify the internal structural components of compact bone and spongy bone. HAPS Topic: Module F02 Structural components - microscopic anatomy. Learning Outcome: 07.02b State the importance of each constituent of bone tissue Section: 07.02 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of bone

5. Concentric lamellae within an osteon are connected by lacunae.

FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F02.02 Identify the internal structural components of compact bone and spongy bone. HAPS Topic: Module F02 Structural components - microscopic anatomy. Learning Outcome: 07.02c Compare the histology of the two types of bone tissue. Section: 07.02 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of bone

8. Intramembranous ossification is common in children, whereas endochondral ossification is typical in young adults.

FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F04.02 Compare and contrast intramembranous and endochondral (intracartilaginous) bone formation. HAPS Topic: Module F04 Physiology of embryonic bone formation (ossification, osteogenesis). Learning Outcome: 07.03a Describe two mechanisms of bone formation. Section: 07.03 Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

3. A radiograph (X-ray) of a child's hand will show epiphyseal lines.

FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F05.04 Contrast the remodeling processes of a child (birth to adolescence) and an adult (middle to old age). HAPS Topic: Module F05 Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling. Learning Outcome: 07.03b Explain how mature bone continues to grow and remodel itself. Section: 07.01 Section: 07.03 Topic: Gross anatomy of bone Topic: Physiology of embryonic bone formation

9. Bones grow in diameter by interstitial growth.

FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F05.04 Contrast the remodeling processes of a child (birth to adolescence) and an adult (middle to old age). HAPS Topic: Module F05 Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling. Learning Outcome: 07.03b Explain how mature bone continues to grow and remodel itself. Section: 07.03 Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

2. A vertebra is considered a long bone.

FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F07.01 Identify the types of bones based on shape and composition (compact vs. spongy), and relate the shapes of bones to their functions. HAPS Topic: Module F07 Gross anatomy of bones. Learning Outcome: 07.01d Describe the general features of a long bone and a flat bone. Section: 07.01 Topic: Gross anatomy of bone

14. Osteomalacia results in bone brittleness.

FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the skeletal system and articulations that could disrupt homeostasis. HAPS Topic: Module F10 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states and disorders. Learning Outcome: 07.05a Name and describe several bone diseases. Section: 07.05 Topic: Clinical applications of the skeletal system Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

13. Closed reduction is the surgical realignment of the parts of a broken bone.

FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic Learning Outcome: 07.05d Discuss some clinical treatments for fractures and other skeletal disorders. Section: 07.05 Topic: Clinical applications of the skeletal system Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

67. Adding pins and plates to a fracture to aid repair is called traction.

FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic Learning Outcome: 07.05d Discuss some clinical treatments for fractures and other skeletal disorders. Section: 07.05 Topic: Clinical applications of the skeletal system Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling

1. Most blood cells are produced in the red marrow of bones.

TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F01.01 Describe the major functions of the skeletal system. HAPS Topic: Module F01 General functions of bone and the skeletal system. Learning Outcome: 07.01b State several functions of the skeletal system. Section: 07.01 Topic: General functions of bone and the skeletal system

4. The hemopoietic tissue in a bone is otherwise known as myeloid tissue.

TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F01.01 Describe the major functions of the skeletal system. HAPS Topic: Module F01 General functions of bone and the skeletal system. Learning Outcome: 07.02d Distinguish between the two types of bone marrow. Section: 07.02 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of bone

64. Bones, cartilage, and ligaments are tissues and organs of the skeletal system.

TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F01.01 Describe the major functions of the skeletal system. HAPS Topic: Module F01 General functions of bone and the skeletal system. Learning Outcome: 07.01a Name the tissues and organs that compose the skeletal system. Section: 07.01 Topic: Organization of the skeletal system

7. Osteoid tissue is similar to bone except for a lack of minerals.

TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 2. Understand Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F02.01 List and describe the cellular and extracellular components of bone tissue. HAPS Topic: Module F02 Structural components - microscopic anatomy. Learning Outcome: 07.02a List and describe the cells, fibers, and ground substance of bone tissue. Section: 07.02 Topic: Microscopic anatomy of bone

52. Hypocalcemia can cause __________. A. emotional disturbances B. depression of the nervous system C. muscle weakness D. sluggish reflexes E. muscle spasms

muscle spasms Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms Level: 1. Remember Gradable: automatic HAPS Objective: F10.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the skeletal system and articulations could not maintain homeostasis. HAPS Topic: Module F10 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease states and disorders. Learning Outcome: 07.04b Discuss the role of the bones in regulating blood calcium and phosphate levels. Section: 07.04 Topic: Clinical applications of the skeletal system Topic: Physiology of bone growth, repair, and remodeling