A&P Ch. 1-3

A triple covalent bond is formed between atoms sharing ____________ valence electrons

6

True or false: the mammalian dive reflex is an example of a positive feedback loop.

True

The primary structure of a protein consists of

a sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Which of the following is NOT a basic process of life? a. catabolism b. differentiation c. responsiveness d. growth e. reproduction

a. catabolism

The initial energy "investment"needed to start a chemical reaction in a cell is called the...

activation energy

What is the name given to a negatively charged atom?

anion

Negatively charged particles found in shells around the nucleus of a particular atom...

are equal to the number of protons

The number of protons in an atom is represented by an element's...

atomic number

Which of the following does NOT influence the rate of diffusion of a chemical across a plasma membrane? a. mass of the diffusing chemical b. amount of ATP available c. temperature d. distance the chemical has to diffuse e. concentration gradient of the chemical across the membrane

b. amount of ATP available (this is passive diffusion)

Weak acid and weak bases that can add or remove protons (H+) from fluids in the bod, thereby helping to keep pH levels at homeostatic levels, are called ________.

buffers

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop? a. decreasing blood glucose in response to elevated blood glucose b. decreasing heart rate in response to elevated blood pressure c. increasing strength of uterine contractions in response to cervical stretch d. decreasing body temperature in response to elevated body temperature e. increasing body temperature in response to a drop in body temperature

c. increasing strength of uterine contractions in response to cervical stretch

Which of the following organelles plays an important role in phagocytosis (a type of endocytosis), contains a variety of digestive enzymes, and has transport pumps that maintain an acidic pH inside the organelle? a. peroxisomes b. proteasomes c. lysosomes d. Golgi complex e. mitochondria

c. lysosomes

What are the 4 major elements found in the chemicals that comprise the human body?

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

atoms and molecules are part of which level of organization in the human body?

chemical level

The difference in amount of a specific substance, like glucose, on the inside and outside of a plasma membrane is referred to as a...

concentration gradient

Which type of chemical reaction breaks larger reactants into smaller products?

decomposition

All of the following would be methods of studying anatomy EXCEPT: a. examination of tissues with a microscope b. investigating the chambers of the heart c. dissection of organs d. identifying the features of the bones of the arm e. using devices that measure heart rate and respiration

e. using devices that measure heart rate and respiration

Which of the following would be methods of studying physiology? a. examination of tissues with a microscope b. investigating the chambers of the heart c. dissection of organs d. identifying the features of the bones of the arm e. using devices that measure heart rate and respiration

e. using devices that measure heart rate and respiration

During a feedback loop, hormonal or electrical signals are sent from the control center to the...

effectors

Which type of chemical reaction will absorb more energy than it releases?

endergonic

AB + CD > AD + CB is an example of a(n) __________ reaction.

exchange

True or False: A hydrogen bond is very strong and can bind with atoms to form large compounds

false

Surface tension of an aqueous solution is generated by the presence of ____________ between water molecules.

hydrogen bonds

Which relatively weak type of bond helps stabilize the 3D structure of large molecules like proteins and DNA?

hydrogen bonds

Which portion of an RNA segment does not code for a protein and is removed?

introns

The nucleus of unstable _________ of an element will decay leading to emission of radiation.

isotopes

Which of the following best describes the basic structure of the plasma membrane of the cell?

lipid bilayer

An enzyme acts to

lower the activation energy needed to start the reaction

The heart is ________ to the lungs.

medial

What processes occurs when amino acids build new proteins?

metabolism and anabolism

If blood concentrations of thyroid hormones increase above a certain level, Thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) neurons in the hypothalamus are inhibited and stop secreting TRH. This is an example of

negative feedback

The two organ systems that predominantly regulate and maintain homeostasis are the:

nervous and endocrine systems

Which of the following represents the largest and most complex level of structural organization in the human body?

organismal level

Which term describes the study of the functions of body structures?

physiology

This type of fatty acid contains more than one double bond in its hydrocarbon chain.

polyunsaturated

In this transport process, the energy from ATP is used to drive substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients.

primary active transport

A cell lacking ribosomes would be unable to make what organic compound?

proteins

During a feedback loop, a component that detects decreasing oxygen concentrations in blood would be the...

receptor

Rob is a 64 year old male admitted to the emergency room for asthma. His blood pH is 7.31 and his pCO2 is higher than normal. Rob should be classified as having:

respiratory acidosis

Feeling the presence of a mosquito biting your arm is an example of ________________; itching the mosquito bite is an example of __________________.

responsiveness; movement

Plasma membranes are_________, which means that some chemicals move easily through plasma membrane while other chemicals do not.

selectively permeable

After working a 12-hour shift at the hospital, Louisa comes home and lies down on her bed. She is lying on her back looking up at the ceiling with her head resting on her arms. What is her body position?

supine

What is the relationship between the knee and the foot?

the knee is proximal to the foot

Which term defines a group of cells that work together to perform a particular function?

tissue

Which type of membrane protein extends across the entire lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane touching both intracellular and extracellular fluid?

transmembrane protein

This type of lipid is the body's primary long-term energy storage molecule.

triglyceride

True or False: In the passive processes of simple diffusion and osmosis, substances and water move down their concentration gradients, moving from areas of higher concentrations to areas of lower concentrations.

true