A&P CH.10

T/F Anaerobic respiration produces the most ATP (of the three methods discussed).

False

T/F Creatine phosphate supplies energy for 1 minute.

False

T/F Smooth muscles are instrumental in the process of respiration. (in other words they cause the movement of the chest during

False

T/F The frequency of contractions allow for partial relaxation of a muscle in between contractions. This describes complete tetanus.

False

T/F during depolarization, sodium moves out of the muscle fiber, making the membrane more positive.

False

T/F during the sliding filament model of muscle contraction the A band shortens.

False

T/F ligand gated ion channels open in response to a change in charge across the sarcolemma

False

T/F the fewer fibers per motor neuron, the stronger the movement of the muscle.

False

The ______ is the center of the sarcomere where proteins connect adjacent myosin filaments.

M Line

The binding of acetylcholine to a ligand-gated channel will allow ____ ions to enter the muscle fiber. (write out the word; don't use an abbreviation).

Sodium

___________ is the gradual increase in the force of contractions in a muscle that has been resting.

Treppe

T/F Anaerobic respiration provides ATP for up to 1 minute.

True

T/F Cardiac muscle cells are auto-rhythmic.

True

T/F Extensions of the sarcolemma into the interior of the muscle fiber are called T tubules.

True

T/F Oxygen debt is the amount of oxygen needed to compensate for ATP produced without oxygen during muscle contraction.

True

T/F The role of acetylcholinesterase is to remove and break down acetylcholine from the channel receptor.

True

T/F Troponin has calcium binding sites.

True

T/F a motor neuron enters a muscle and sends out branches; each branch equals a neuromuscular junction.

True

T/F a sarcomere extends from one Z disk to the next Z disk.

True

T/F cardiac muscle cells are striated and are under involuntary control.

True

T/F during repolarization, potassium flows out and the membrane approaches resting membrane potential (negative).

True

T/F during the contraction period of a muscle twitch, Ca++ ions are bound to the troponin and the tropomyosin has shifted away from the myosin binding site.

True

T/F during the sliding filament model of muscle contraction, the Z disks are moved closer together.

True

T/F voltage changes at one part of the sarcolemma will initiate voltage changes at adjacent parts of the sarcolemma allowing an action potential to propagate.

True

What ion is necessary for the release of acetylcholine from the synaptic vesicles? (write the word out; do not use abbreviation)

Calcium

What is the direct cause of the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum? a. the action potential traveling into the T tubules b. acetylcholine binding to the receptor on the Na+ gated channel c. sodium being released into the presynaptic terminal d. potassium flowing out of the postsynaptic membrane

a. the action potential traveling into the T tubules

Which of the following is a function of smooth muscle? a. constriction of organs and blood vessels b. communication c. production of body heat d. arm movement

a. constriction of organs and blood vessels

By what process does acetylcholine move to the postsynaptic membrane? a. diffusion b. endocytosis c. exocytosis d. osmosis

a. diffusion

Which type of muscle fibers are used for primary movements like walking? a. fast oxidative fibers b. fast glycolytic fibers c. slow oxidative fibers d. all of the fibers are used

a. fast oxidative fibers

Which of the following is NOT a phase of a muscle twitch? a. interphase b. contraction phase c. latent phase d. relaxation phase

a. interphase

The constant tension in muscles over a long period of time that allows you to hold up your head is called ______________. a. muscle tone b. treppe c. incomplete tetanus d. an eccentric contraction

a. muscle tone

Creatine phosphate is used to a. regenerate ATP from ADP b. breakdown glucose to make ATP c. provide oxygen to make ATP d. change lactic acid into ATP

a. regenerate ATP from ADP

Which of the following is NOT an event that occurs during the latent phase of a muscle twitch? a. tension decreases b. calcium is being released from SR c. filaments start to exert force d. action potential travels down T tubules

a. tension decreases

The H zone contains no ____ filaments.

actin

The A band is made up of:

actin and myosin

Which type of muscle fibers fatigue the fastest? a. slow oxidative fibers b. fast oxidative fibers c. fast glycolytic fibers d. none of the answers are correct

c. fast glycolytic fibers

When is anaerobic respiration used by muscle cells? a. for sustained exercise b. during rest c. for short periods of intense exercise (duration 1 minute) d. for moderate exercise e. for short periods of intense exercise (duration 15 seconds)

c. for short periods of intense exercise (duration 1 minute)

Which of the following is NOT part of a neuromuscular junction? a. motor end-plate b. presynaptic terminal (axonal endings) c. sarcoplasmic reticulum d. synaptic cleft

c. sarcoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following is NOT true of skeletal muscle? a. long, cylindrical fibers b. multiple nuclei c. totally under involuntary control d. has striations

c. totally under involuntary control

What is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber called?

sarcolemma

Myofibrils are formed from ____________ that are joined end to end.

sarcomeres

Which molecule covers the myosin active site on the actin?

tropomyosin

Which molecule has a binding site for calcium?

troponin

The I band includes _______

two different sarcomeres

What kind of gated ion channel responds to small changes in voltages across the plasma membrane?

voltage

The ability of a muscle to shorten forcefully.

contractility

Which of the following is NOT a source of ATP production in skeletal muscle? a. creatine phosphate b. aerobic respiration c. anaerobic respiration d. sarcoplasmic reticulum

d. sarcoplasmic reticulum

The ability of muscle to recoil to its resting length after being stretched is __.

elasticity

Connective tissue that surrounds/compartmentalizes individual muscle fibers:

endomysium

Type of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscles.

epimysium

The ability of a muscle to respond to stimuli.

excitability

The structural and ________ unit of skeletal muscle is the sarcomere.

functional

What type of gated-ion channel responds to a molecule binding to a receptor on the ion channel?

ligand

Alternating ______ give a striated appearance under the microscope.

A and I bands

Muscular ____________is an increase in the size of muscles, while sarcopenia is muscle atrophy.

Hypertrophy

____ acid is a byproduct of glycolysis (during anaerobic respiration).

Lactic

_________ summation occurs when action potentials arrive at different times and together cause a greater contraction in a muscle.

Wave

What attaches to the myosin head causing it to detach from actin after a power stroke occurs? Select one: a. ATP b. ACh c. ADP d. CA++

a. ATP

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of muscle fatigue? a. Sufficient oxygen b. inadequate numbers of Ca++ ions c. build up of lactic acid d. low levels of potassium e. depletion of glycogen

a. Sufficient oxygen

What is the main source of ATP production in skeletal muscle for sustain exercise? a. aerobic respiration b. anaerobic respiration c. creatine phosphate d. fermentation

a. aerobic respiration

Which of the following is NOT involved in the process of muscle relaxation? a. all of the choices occur during relaxation b. the sarcoplasmic reticulum actively reclaims calcium ions using ATP c. the troponin-tropomyosin complex blocks the active site on actin again d. ATP is used for cross-bridge release

a. all of the choices occur during relaxation

Tightening your leg muscles while sitting in an airplane would be an example of ________________________. a. an isometric contraction b. an isotonic; specifically concentric contraction c. an isotonic; specifically eccentric contraction d. muscle tone

a. an isometric contraction

Which of the following is not a function of skeletal muscle? a. constriction of organs b. body movement c. production of body heat d. maintenance of posture

a. constriction of organs

Which of the following is true of smooth muscle? a. the individual cells are connected by intercalated disks b. non-striated, spindle-shaped cells c. under voluntary control d. found attached to bones

b. non-striated, spindle-shaped cells

A ___________ is an instrument used to measure the amount of tension produced during a muscle twitch.

myogram