A&P ch.13 quiz

__________ are collections of neuron cell bodies associated with nerves in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Ganglia

Select the statement that is most correct.

Ganglia associated with afferent nerve fibers contain cell bodies of sensory neurons.

A reflex that causes muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to muscle tension is called a ________.

Golgi tendon reflex

Choose the FALSE statement about nerves.

The majority of a nerve's bulk is due to axons.

Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding the occurrence of a sensation?

The stimulus energy must be converted into the energy of a graded potential called a transduction potential

David, an aspiring baseball player, was struck on the left side of his face with a fastball pitch. He was not wearing a safety helmet. His zygomatic arch was crushed, as well as parts of the temporal bone. Following the accident and reconstructive surgery, he noted that his left lower eyelid was still drooping and the corner of his mouth sagged. What nerve damage did he sustain?

Facial nerve damage on his left side

__________ are receptors that can respond to changes in pressure.

Mechanoreceptors

Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by ________.

nociceptors

Which receptors adapt most slowly?

nociceptors

A fracture of the ethmoid bone could result in damage to which cranial nerve?

olfactory

Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all except which of the following?

olfactory

Which of the following cranial nerves carries only sensory information?

olfactory

Three main levels of neural integration operate in the somatosensory system. Which level involves processing in the sensory areas of the cerebral cortex?

perceptual level

Which of the following nerves does not arise from the brachial plexus?

phrenic

Which of the following is not an aspect of sensory perception?

quality estimation

The first level of neural integration in the somatosensory system is the __________ level.

receptor

Which of the following is the correct simple spinal reflex arc?

receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector

Starting at the spinal cord, the subdivisions of the brachial plexus are (in order):

roots, trunks, divisions, and cords

Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the ________.

sacral plexus

The thickest and longest nerve in the body is the __________.

sciatic nerve

A fall or an improperly delivered gluteal injection could result in ________.

sciatica

Which of the following is not a main level of neural integration in the somatosensory system?

segmental

Which of the following lists the hierarchy of motor control from lowest to highest level of control?

segmental level, projection level, precommand level

Which of the following is not a way that sensory receptors are classified?

sensitivity to a stimulus

Somatic reflexes activate __________.

skeletal muscle

Which structure is involved in the segmental level of motor control?

spinal cord

There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves.

12

herniated lumbar disc could interfere with ______.

All of the listed responses are correct.

Ralph sustained a leg injury in a bowling accident and had to use crutches. Unfortunately, he never took the time to learn how to use them properly. After two weeks of use, he noticed his fingers were becoming numb. Then he noticed his arms were getting weaker and had a tingling sensation. What could be his problem?

Compression of the radial nerve (in the region of the armpit) may cause temporary cessation of nervous transmission, often called "Saturday night paralysis."

Feeling a gentle caress on your arm would likely involve all of the following except ________.

Pacinian corpuscles

Select the correct definition.

Pattern recognition allows us to see a familiar face.

Which of the following does NOT occur as people age?

Peripheral nerves die off.

After axonal injury, regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by ________.

Schwann cells

Which of the following statements is true?

The effects of neurotransmitters released from either sympathetic or parasympathetic postganglionic neurons may be stimulatory or inhibitory.

A nurse is asked about the cause of the excruciating pain of tic douloureux. How should the nurse answer?

The excruciating pain is caused by inflammation of the trigeminal nerve. Pressure on the trigeminal nerve root can turn normal stimuli, like tooth brushing, into painful stimuli.

__________ do NOT exhibit the property of adaptation.

Tonic receptors

Why might an individual experience the phenomenon known as "referred pain"?

Visceral pain afferents travel along the same pathways as somatic pain fibers.

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies?

a complete loss of voluntary movement

The cranial nerve with a cervical origin (spinal cord) is the ________.

accessory

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________.

afferent nerves

Which of the following is not an example of an exteroceptor?

baroreceptor

What type of nerve fibers are found in the ventral ramus of a spinal nerve?

both sensory and motor

The majority of the cranial nerves attach to the __________.

brain stem.

What parts of the brain ultimately plan and coordinate complex motor activities?

cerebellum and basal nuclei

The ________ nerve is not a branch of the trigeminal nerve.

cervical

The primary nerve that controls breathing is found in which nerve plexus?

cervical

Bell's palsy is ________.

characterized by paralysis of facial muscles

The sciatic nerve is a combination of which two nerves?

common fibular and tibial

Sciatica has no direct affect on ______.

control of the adductor longus

Which reflex is triggered when a stranger suddenly grasps your arm?

crossed-extensor reflex

In carpal tunnel syndrome, there may be tingling and numbness in the thumb due to compression of the ______.

cutaneous branches of the median nerve

The phrenic nerve serves the __________.

diaphragm

The hyperalgesia that is common in phantom limb pain could be blocked if a new drug was developed that could prevent (without triggering any side-effects) the ______.

diffusion of calcium ions through NMDA receptors

Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds each axon in a nerve?

endoneurium

In a crossed-extensor reflex, if the right arm was grabbed it would flex and the left arm would ________.

extend

in a crossed-extensor reflex, if the right arm was grabbed it would flex and the left arm would ________.

extend

Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors in the skin are ________.

exteroceptors

A patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: he is unable to close his eye, and the corner of his mouth droops. Which cranial nerve has been damaged?

facial

A major nerve of the lumbar plexus is the ________.

femoral

Damage to the ulnar nerve could result in the inability to ______.

flex the wrist

If "wrist drop" were to appear, there would also be an increased probability of ______.

inability to extend the forearm

Inborn or intrinsic reflexes are ________.

involuntary, yet may be modified by learned behavior

Regeneration within the CNS ________.

is prevented due to growth-inhibiting proteins of oligodendrocytes

Which type of sensory receptor allows us to feel an insect landing on our skin?

mechanoreceptor

Which nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?

median

In carpal tunnel syndrome, the __________ is compressed.

median nerve

Spinal nerves are all classified as __________.

mixed nerves

Hiccups could occur if there was irritation or damage to the ______.

motor branches of ventral rami associated with the C3-C5 region of the spinal cord

Nerves that only carry impulses away from the central nervous system (CNS) are called __________.

motor nerves

Which of the following is composed of encapsulated nerve endings?

muscle spindles

The flexor muscles in the anterior arm (biceps brachii and brachialis) are innervated by what nerve?

musculocutaneous

The brachial plexus can be palpated at the lower lateral border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Injury to the brachial plexus could cause weakness or paralysis to all of the following EXCEPT the ______.

sternocleidomastoid muscle

Transduction refers to conversion of ________.

stimulus energy into energy of a graded potential

The "knee jerk" reflex is an example of a(n) ________.

stretch reflex

The knee-jerk reflex is an example of a __________.

stretch reflex

Which reflex is important for maintaining muscle tone?

stretch reflex

The trochlear nerve conveys proprioceptor impulses from the ________ to the brain.

superior rectus muscle

The abducens nerve ________.

supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye

All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the ________.

thalamus

Which of the following is NOT used to classify sensory receptors?

the number of dendritic endings present

The posterior side of the thigh, leg, and foot is served by the ________ nerve.

tibial

A knee-jerk reflex that is unusually strong may be caused by ______.

transmission of excitatory signals from the brain to the neurons that form the femoral nerve

The cranial nerves that have neural connections with the tongue include all except the ________.

trochlear

Striking the "funny bone" is actually stimulation of (or injury to) the ________.

ulnar nerve

Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve?

vestibulocochlear

Which cranial nerve transmits information about our sense of equilibrium?

vestibulocochlear