a&p ch14

Which of the following is a property of the mamillary bodies?

A) control reflex eating movements B) process olfactory information C) located in posterior hypothalamus D) shaped like little breasts E) All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?

A) produces ADH B) controls autonomic centers C) regulates body temperature D) secretes oxytocin E) All of the answers are correct.

Integrative centers concerned with the performance of complex processes are restricted to either the left or the right hemisphere. These complex processes include

A) speech. B) writing. C) mathematical computation. D) understanding spatial relationships. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E

Ependymal cells work to

A) surround the capillaries of the choroid plexus. B) secrete CSF into the ventricles. C) remove waste products from CSF. D) adjust the composition of CSF. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E

If the corpus callosum is surgically cut

A) the two cerebral hemispheres operate independently. B) symptoms of the "disconnection syndrome" appear. C) objects touched by the left hand can be recognized but not verbally identified. D) conscious decisions are made without regard to sensations from the left side. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E

Damage to the substantia nigra causes a decrease in the neurotransmitter dopamine. This causes a gradual, generalized increase in muscle tone, which is the main symptom of

Parkinson's disease

Which of the following is a property of the blood-brain barrier?

The capillary endothelial cells are interconnected by tight junctions. It is generally permeable to lipid-soluble compounds. Astrocytes surround the CNS capillaries. It is absent in portions of the hypothalamus. all of the above

The white matter of the cerebellum forms the

arbor vitae

The nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus

are in the medulla and relay somatic sensory information to the thalamus

The anterior nuclei of the thalamus

are part of the limbic system

Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called ________ areas.

association

The cells that cover the outer surfaces of CNS capillary endothelial cells are the

astrocytes

The cerebellum can be permanently damaged by stroke or temporarily affected by drugs or alcohol. The resulting disturbance in motor control is known as

ataxia

At the optic chiasm

axons from the nasal halves of each retina cross

Within each hemisphere, deep to the floor of the lateral ventricle, you will find the

basal nuclei

Hydrocephalus or "water on the brain" may result from

blockage of CSF circulation or excessive CSF production.

The medulla oblongata regulates

blood pressure and respiration

The presence of many large, highly-branched Purkinje cells in a sample of brain tissue indicates that it came from the

cerebellar cortex.

Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the

cerebellum

The third and fourth ventricles are linked by a slender canal designated as the

cerebral aqueduct.

Nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surface of the mesencephalon are the

cerebral peduncles

A neural cortex is found on the surface of the

cerebrum

The highest levels of information processing occur in the

cerebrum

The corpus callosum is composed of

commissural fibers.

The medial nuclei of the thalamus

connect emotional centers in the hypothalamus with the frontal lobe

The mamillary bodies of the hypothalamus

control feeding reflexes

A reflex that is used to assess the sensory function of the trigeminal nerve is the ________ reflex

corneal

Gustatory information reaches the brain by way of

cranial nerve IX

Which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brain stem?

diencephalon

As CSF circulates, ________ between it and the interstitial fluid of the CNS is unrestricted between and across the ependyma

diffusion

The dural sinuses are located in the

dural folds.

A(n) ________ is a printed record of the brain's electrical activity over a period of time

electroencephalogram

Specialized ________ cells form the secretory component of the choroid plexus

ependymal

The dural fold that projects into the longitudinal fissure between cerebral hemispheres is called the

falx cerebri

Which of the following is (are) true of the epithalamus?

forms the roof of the diencephalon

A tract of white matter that connects the hippocampus with the hypothalamus is the

fornix

The ventricle associated with the pons and upper medulla is the

fourth

Which of the following is not a property of the limbic system?

functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather

Parkinson's disease is the result of

inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons

Stimulation of the reticular formation results in

increased consciousness

Excitation of neurons in the basal nuclei would lead to

increased muscle tone

The reflex movement of the head toward a loud noise is directed by the mesencephalon. Which nuclei accomplish this?

inferior colliculi

The medulla oblongata relays auditory information to the

inferior colliculi.

The region of the cerebral cortex that is medial and deep to the temporal lobe is the

insula

The sense of taste projects to the gustatory cortex located in the ________ and ________.

insula; frontal lobe

The brain requires a substantial blood supply. The vessels that deliver blood to the brain are the

internal carotid and vertebral arteries

Each lateral ventricle communicates with the third ventricle through a(n)

interventricular foramen

Cerebrospinal fluid

is secreted by ependymal cells

Male brains are typically ________ compared to female brains

larger

The posterior nuclei of the thalamus include(s) the

lateral and medial geniculate nuclei

Cerebrospinal fluid enters the subarachnoid space through the

lateral and median apertures.

The optic tracts carry visual information from the retina to the

lateral geniculates

After suffering a stroke, Mary finds that she cannot move her right arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the ________ lobe

left frontal

The putamen and globus pallidus are frequently considered to be subdivisions of the

lentiform nucleus

Divisions of the cerebral hemispheres that are named after the overlying skull bones are

lobes

The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the

longitudinal fissure.

Sensory innervation of the lower teeth and gums is by the ________ nerve.

mandibular branch of the trigeminal

The ________ relay auditory information to the auditory cortex.

medial geniculates

The cardiovascular reflexes are based in the

medulla oblongata

Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the

medulla oblongata.

The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the

medulla oblongata.

The cerebellum and pons develop from the

metencephalon

The tract that links the cerebellum with the pons is the

middle cerebellar peduncle

As you ascend from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum, the functions of each successive level become

more complex

During embryonic development, which of the following secondary brain vesicles will form the cerebrum?

telencephalon

The auditory cortex is located in the

temporal lobe

Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the

thalamus

The ________ filters and relays sensory information to cerebral cortex

thalamus

Which of the following help to protect the brain?

the blood-brain barrier the bones of the skull the cranial meninges the CSF E) All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following symptoms would you associate with damage to the spinal accessory nerve?

weakness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

The cranial nerves that innervate the eye muscles are

III, IV, and VI

________ centers receive information from many association areas and direct extremely complex motor activities such as speech

Integrative

What contains a spider web-like network of cells and fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid flows?

subarachnoid space

Examination of a tissue sample from the central nervous system reveals many darkly pigmented cells. This tissue probably came from the

substantia nigra

Which antibiotic enters the CNS without difficulty because it easily crosses the blood-brain barrier?

sulfadiazine

The tectum of the mesencephalon contains the

superior and inferior colliculi

The ________ receive visual input from the lateral geniculates

superior colliculi

There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves

12

The choroid plexus produces CSF at a rate of about

500 mL/day

The adult human brain contains almost ________ of the body's neural tissue.

97 percent

________ is a temporary cerebral disorder accompanied by abnormal movements, unusual sensations, and/or inappropriate behavior

A seizure

Tic douloureux is

A) a disorder of the maxillary and mandibular branches of nerve V. B) characterized by almost totally debilitating pain. C) triggered by contact with the lip, tongue, or gums. D) also called trigeminal neuralgia. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E

Higher-order functions

A) can be adjusted over time based on experience. B) involve complex interactions among areas of the cortex. C) combine both conscious and unconscious information processing. D) occur in the cerebrum. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E

________ is a disorder affecting the ability to speak or read.

Aphasia

________ is a condition resulting from an inflammation of a facial nerve.

Bell's palsy

Which of the cranial nerves is named for the fact that it "wanders," that is, innervates structures throughout the thorax and abdomen?

X

A person with a damaged visual association area may be

able to see letters but unable to associate them into words.

The general interpretive area

allows us to interpret what is read or heard

The ________ is located at the tip of the tail of the caudate nucleus

amygdaloid body

Cerebrospinal fluid enters the blood circulation at the

arachnoid granulations

Bob is struck on the left side of the head and is knocked unconscious. When he recovers consciousness, he can hear individual words but cannot understand the meaning of phrases or sentences. This implies damage to his

general interpretive area

Which of the following is not a component of the limbic system?

globus pallidus

Difficulty in swallowing may be a sign of damage to which cranial nerve(s)?

glossopharyngeal and vagus

Which sensation(s) does the vestibulocochlear nerve carry?

hearing and equilibrium

The ________ is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories.

hippocampus

A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is affected?

hypoglossal

Joe begins to experience mood swings and disturbed thirst and hunger. Imaging studies indicate that a brain tumor is the likely cause of these disorders. In what part of the brain is the tumor most likely located?

hypothalamus

The ________ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems

hypothalamus

The floor of the diencephalon is formed by the

hypothalamus

After suffering a blow to the back of the head, Phil loses his vision. The blow probably caused damage to the

occipital lobe

The visual cortex is located in the

occipital lobe.

Droopy eyelids and double vision can result from injury to the ________ nerve

oculomotor

The only sensation that is received directly by the cerebrum is

olfaction

Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate and synapse on neurons in the

olfactory bulb.

The region(s) of the cerebral cortex superior to the lateral sulcus is/are the

parietal and frontal lobes

The cerebral area posterior to the central sulcus is the

parietal lobe

The layer of the meninges that closely follows every gyrus and sulcus is the

pia mater

What structure is covered by many blood vessels and adheres tightly to the surface of the brain?

pia mater

Damage to the premotor cortex of the frontal lobe would interfere with the ability to

play the piano

The tracts that connect the cerebellum to the brain stem are located in the

pons

The primary motor cortex is the surface of the

precentral gyrus

The region of the brain responsible for predicting the consequence of events or actions is the

prefrontal cerebral cortex

The surface of the postcentral gyrus contains the ________ cortex.

primary sensory

Which of the following is a function of the thalamus?

process sensory information and relay it to the cerebrum

The internal capsule of the cerebrum is composed of

projection fibers

Which of these is not one of the main divisions of the adult brain?

prosencephalon

The basal nuclei

provide the general pattern and rhythm for movements such as walking.

Which of the following is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid?

provides ATP for impulse transmission

The ________ integrate(s) sensory information for projection to the cerebral cortex

pulvinar

Damage to the superior colliculi would interfere with the reflex ability to

react to a bright light

The regions of the mesencephalon that issue subconscious motor commands that affect upper limb position and background muscle tone are the

red nuclei

Damage to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus leads to which problem?

reduced ability to regulate body temperature

The tympanic reflex

restricts the movement of auditory ossicles

The thin partition that separates the first and second ventricles is the

septum pellucidum

You suspect your friend has damage to cranial nerve I when he is unable to

smell his food

Terry suffers from dissociation of memories from their emotional content as the result of an automobile accident. What system of the brain is probably damaged?

the limbic system

The respiratory rhythmicity center is located in

the medulla oblongata

Difficulties in estimating temporal relationships between events may stem from damage to

the prefrontal cortex.

Jean needs to have a tooth in her mandible filled. Her dentist injects a local anesthetic to block pain afferents in one of her cranial nerves. What cranial nerve does the dentist numb?

trigeminal

The cranial nerve that has three major branches is the

trigeminal

Jane suffers from chronic seizures and in order to control the problem undergoes surgery in which the fibers of the corpus callosum are cut. As a result of this surgery she would likely be unable to

verbally identify an object placed in her left hand

The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the

vermis

Damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with

visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck

Damage to the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex would directly affect

voluntary motor activity.