A&P Ch15 Questions

Which of the following is NOT a function of the sclera? A) It provides attachment points for muscles that move the eye. B) It helps nourish the retina. C) It helps maintain the shape of the eye. D) It protects internal structures of the eye.

It helps nourish the retina

Which of the following statements about the lens is NOT true? A) It is biconvex. B) It is attached to the retina by suspensory ligaments. C) It helps to focus light on the retina. D) It is covered by a highly elastic, transparent capsule.

It is attached to the retina by suspensory ligaments

Which of the following is NOT true about the cornea? A) It is the main place at which refraction of light occurs. B) It is transparent. C) It is nourished by the vitreous humor. D) It is avascular.

It is nourished by the vitreous humor.

In the dark the inward diffusion of __________ causes rod cells to partially depolarize and to release the neurotransmitter __________ from their synaptic ends to inhibit or stimulate rod cells. A) K+; acetylcholine B) K+; glutamate C) Na+; acetylcholine D) Na+; glutamate

Na+; glutamate

Which of the following is NOT true of olfactory neurons? A) The axons of the olfactory neurons combine to form the olfactory nerves. B) The olfactory neurons synapse with cells in the olfactory bulb. C) Olfactory neurons have receptors that react with odorants dissolved in fluid. D) Olfactory neurons are uni-polar neurons.

Olfactory neurons are uni-polar neurons.

Which of the following is NOT true about rods compared to cones? A) Rods produce black and white but not color images. B) Rods are most numerous in the fovea. C) Rods contain rhodopsin. D) Rods produce general outlines of objects rather than sharp images.

Rods are most numerous in the fovea.

Which of the following statements about nerve fibers of the optic nerves is true? A) The nasal fibers from both retinas crossover at the optic chiasm. B) The temporal fibers from both retinas crossover at the optic chiasm. C) The nasal fibers from the left and the temporal fibers from the right retina crossover at the optic chiasm. D) The nasal fibers from the right and the temporal fibers from the left retina crossover at the optic chiasm.

The nasal fibers from both retinas crossover at the optic chiasm

What happens when the ciliary muscles relax? A) The suspensory ligaments pull and the lens flattens. B) The suspensory ligaments relax and the lens flattens. C) The suspensory ligaments pull and the lens thickens. D) The suspensory ligaments relax and the lens thickens.

The suspensory ligaments pull and the lens flattens

Which of these processes occurs when viewing a nearby object (i.e., an object you are holding in your hand)? A) accommodation B) dilation of the pupils C) divergence of the eyes D) all of these

accommodation

Taste information is relayed to the tractus solitarius of the medulla oblongata by A) cranial nerve VII (Facial). B) cranial nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal). C) cranial nerve X (Vagus). D) all of the above

all of the above

Olfactory neurons A) are always unipolar neurons. B) are replaced every two months. C) have axons that contain olfactory vesicles. D) synapse directly with association neurons. E) all of these

are replaced every two months.

Sensory receptors for smell are A) chemoreceptors. B) mechanoreceptors. C) nociceptors. D) photoreceptors. E) thermoreceptors.

chemoreceptors

A sty is an inflammation of what type of gland associated with follicles of the eyelashes? A) ciliary gland B) meibomian gland C) sebaceous gland D) tarsal gland

ciliary gland

Contraction of which of the following muscles is involved with changing the shape (thickening) of the lens? A) ciliary muscles B) circular muscles of the iris C) orbicularis oculi D) radial muscles of the iris

ciliary muscles

As you view your right index finger moving toward the tip of your nose, all of the following occur EXCEPT A) the lenses thicken B) ciliary muscles relax C) the eyes rotate medially D) the diameter of the pupils decreases

ciliary muscles relax

Aqueous humor is secreted by the __________; it flows out of the posterior chamber through the pupil into the anterior chamber where it is reabsorbed at a ring-like blood vessel called the __________. A) ciliary process; canal of Schlemm B) ciliary process; eustachian tube C) iris; canal of Schlemm D) iris; eustachian tube

ciliary process; canal of Schlemm

When rhodopsin absorbs a photon of light, __________ is converted to __________ and dissociates from opsin which triggers reactions leading to the closure of __________ channels in the outer segments of rod cells. A) cis-retinal; trans-retinal; K+ B) cis-retinal;trans-retinal; Na+ C) trans-retinal; cis-retinal; K+ D) trans-retinal; cis-retinal; Na+

cis-retinal;trans-retinal; Na+

Which of the following is the main factor affecting the depth of focus? A) accommodation of the lens B) constriction of the pupil C) convergence of the eyes D) refraction of light rays

constriction of the pupil

All of the following are part of the middle "vascular" tunic of the eye EXCEPT A) choroid B) ciliary body C) iris D) cornea

cornea

Image formation depends on refraction, the bending of light. At which location does the greatest amount of refraction occur? A) aqueous humor B) cornea C) lens D) vitreous humor

cornea

The greatest amount of refraction in the eye occurs when light enters the A) aqueous humor. B) cornea. C) lens. D) pupil. E) vitreous humor.

cornea

The transparent anterior portion of the outer eye coat, which allows light rays to enter the interior of the eye is the A) conjunctiva. B) cornea. C) iris. D) sclera.

cornea

Olfactory nerves pass from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulbs through the A) external auditory canal. B) cribriform plate. C) nasolacrimal duct. D) mastoid sinus. E) olfactory tract.

cribriform plate

The axons of the olfactory neurons pass through the foramina of the _____ to synapse with mitral or tufted cells in the ____. A) cribriform plate, olfactory tract B) cribriform plate, olfactory bulb C) nasal bone, olfactory tract D) nasal bone, olfactory bulb

cribriform plate, olfactory bulb

Each ampulla of a semicircular canal contains a(n) ________, which is involved in sensing movement of the head or dynamic equilibrium. A) crista ampullaris B) helicotrema C) macula D) organ of Corti

crista ampullaris

Which of the following is a possible explanation for a person losing all vision in their left eye? A) damage to the left occipital lobe B) damage to the left lateral geniculate nucleus C) damage to the left optic nerve D) a lesion in the left optic tract

damage to the left optic nerve

Which of these muscles is innervated by sympathetic fibers? A) ciliary muscles B) dilator pupillae muscles C) extrinsic eye muscles D) sphincter pupillae muscles

dilator pupillae muscles

Which of the following is the passageway between the middle ear and the pharynx? A) eustachian tube B) external auditory meatus C) oval window D) semi-circular canals

eustachian tube

What is the name of the short tube that conveys sound waves to the tympanic membrane? A) external auditory canal B) auditory tube C) canal of Schlemm D) eustachian tube

external auditory canal

Identify the three layers of the eye in from the outer most layer to the inner most layer. A) fibrous tunic, nervous tunic, vascular tunic B) fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, nervous tunic C) nervous tunic, fibrous tunic, vascular tunic D) vascular tunic, fibrous tunic, nervous tunic

fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, nervous tunic

Taste buds are associated with all of these types of papillae on the tongue EXCEPT A) circumvallate. B) filiform. C) foliate. D) fungiform

filiform

All of the following are important in bringing an image to focus on the retina when viewing an object close to the eye EXCEPT A) accommodation of the lenses B) constriction of the pupils C) flattening of the lenses D) convergence of the eyes

flattening of the lenses

Which of the following is the location in the retina at which the sharpest images are produced? A) fovea centralis B) optic chiasm C) optic disc D) ora serrata

fovea centralis

The only retinal cells that produce action potentials are the A) bipolar cells. B) ganglion cells. C) photoreceptor cells. D) pigmented epithelium.

ganglion cells

When intraocular pressure increases because aqueous humor is not reabsorbed as fast as it is produced, __________ occurs, which can lead to blindness. A) astigmatism B) cataract C) emmetropia D) glaucoma

glaucoma

Damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve would result is some loss of A) hearing and balance B) hearing and taste C) smell D) taste

hearing and balance

Fluid in the scala vestibuli communicates with fluid in the scala tympani by way of the A) canal of Schlemm B) eustachian tube C) helicotrema D) round window

helicotrema

Physical characteristics of the cornea include each of the following EXCEPT A) outer surface consisting of stratified squamous epithelium. B) fewer large collagen fibers and more proteoglycans than the sclera. C) inner surface consisting of simple squamous epithelium. D) highly vascular structure, functioning as part of the focusing system of the eye.

highly vascular structure, functioning as part of the focusing system of the eye

In the electromagnetic spectrum, which of these forms of electromagnetic energy has the longest wavelength? A) gamma rays B) infrared C) UV light D) visible light E) X-rays

infrared

Which region of the olfactory cortex aids in modifying sensory information in the olfactory bulb? A) intermediate olfactory area B) lateral olfactory area C) medial olfactory area D) superior olfactory area

intermediate olfactory area

The colored (blue, brown, green) portion of the eye, as seen in an anterior view, is which of the following? A) choroid B) ciliary body C) cornea D) iris

iris

Which of the following pairs of structures are involved in regulating the amount of light that enters the eyes? A) ciliary bodies and suspensory ligaments B) ciliary bodies and eyelids C) suspensory ligaments and irises D) iris and eyelids

iris and eyelids

Refraction A) occurs when light encounters an object that is not transparent. B) occurs when light travels through water. C) is the bending of light. D) is responsible for the color of objects we see.

is the bending of light

Which muscle raises the upper eyelid when it contracts? A) levator palpebrae superioris B) orbicularis oculi C) superior oblique D) superior rectus

levator palpebrae superioris

The threshold for the detection of odors is ___ and adaptation to odors occurs ____. A) high, quickly B) high, slowly C) low, quickly D) low, slowly

low, quickly

The name for one of the structures involved in detecting a change in the position of the head with respect to gravity or static equilibrium is A) ampulla. B) crista ampullaris. C) helicotrema. D) macula.

macula

Which of these is not considered one of the five primary tastes? A) sweet B) salty C) minty D) sour E) bitter

minty

An eye that is too long, or "oval," results in poor distance vision, a disorder called nearsightedness or A) astigmatism. B) hyperopia. C) myopia. D) presbyopia.

myopia

The __________ is involved in the conscious perception of smell and is located in the ______ lobe. A) intermediate olfactory area; frontal lobe B) olfactory cortex; temporal lobe C) medial olfactory area; temporal lobe D) olfactory cortex; frontal lobe

olfactory cortex; temporal lobe

Which of the following is commonly called the "blind spot" of the eye because it lacks photoreceptor cells? A) canal of Schlemm B) fovea centralis C) optic disc D) pupil

optic disc

Which muscle closes the eyelid when it contracts? A) inferior rectus B) levator palpebrae superioris C) orbicularis oculi D) superior oblique

orbicularis oculi

The receptor cells for hearing, hair cells, are located within the A) macula B) organ of Corti C) utricle D) vestibule

organ of Corti

What fluid is located between the bony and membranous labyrinths within the inner ear? A) aqueous humor B) endolymph C) perilymph D) vitreous humor

perilymph

From superficial to deep (from next to pigmented layer toward vitreous chamber), the three main cell layers of the sensory retina are A) photoreceptors - bipolar cells - ganglion cells B) ganglion cells - bipolar cells - photoreceptors. C) bipolar cells - ganglion cells - photoreceptors D) photoreceptors - ganglion cells - bipolar cells

photoreceptors - bipolar cells - ganglion cells

Of these colors of the visible spectrum, which has the longest wavelength? A) blue B) green C) purple D) red E) yellow

red

If the ciliary muscles contract, the suspensory ligaments __________ and the lens __________. A) pull; flattens B) relax; flattens C) pull; thickens D) relax; thickens

relax; thickens

Which layer of the eye contains the photoreceptor cells? A) choroid B) ciliary body C) retina D) sclera

retina

Which auditory ossicle causes the oval window to move in and out, setting fluid in the inner ear in motion? A) incus B) malleus C) stapes D) stapedius

stapes

All of the following are intrinsic eye muscles EXCEPT the A) ciliary muscles B) dilator pupillae C) sphincter pupillae D) superior oblique

superior oblique

Where within the nasal cavity is the olfactory epithelium located? A) anterior and lateral portion of the nasal cavity B) posterior and lateral portion of the nasal cavity C) inferior portion of the nasal cavity D) superior portion of the nasal cavity

superior portion of the nasal cavity

When light strikes a rod, the visual pigment rhodopsin is activated, which then activates _____ thus resulting in the ____ of the rod cells. A) phosphodiesterase, depolarization B) cGMP, hyperpolarization C) transducin, depolarization D) transducin, hyperpolarization

transducin, hyperpolarization

Which of these parts of the eye normally NEVER has melanin present? A) choroid B) ciliary body C) iris D) retina E) vitreous humor

vitreous humor

How many primary tastes have been identified? A) 4 B) 5 C) 7 D) 400

5

Aqueous humor A) is found in the anterior compartment of the eye. B) is produced by the ciliary processes. C) helps maintain intraocular pressure. D) provides nutrition for the cornea and lens. E) all of these

all of these

Which cells proliferate to replace lost olfactory cells? A) basal cells B) mitral cells C) olfactory hairs D) tufted cells

basal cells

Movement of the _______ membrane causes hair cell microvilli (stereocilia) to bend back and forth. A) basilar B) tectorial C) tympanic D) vestibular

basilar

The receptor cells for hearing are located on the upper surface of what membrane? A) basilar membrane B) tectorial membrane C) tympanic membrane D) vestibular membrane

basilar membrane

Which taste sensation is the most sensitive? A) bitter B) salty C) sweet D) umami

bitter

The fibrous tunic of the eye includes A) the choroid. B) the cornea. C) the iris. D) the sclera. E) both B and D

both B and D

Otoliths are made of __________ and associated with the __________. A) calcium carbonate; crista ampullaris B) calcium carbonate; macula C) calcium phosphate; crista ampullaris D) calcium phosphate; macula

calcium carbonate; macula

The angles where the eyelids join at the medial and lateral margins of the eye are called A) canthi. B) caruncles. C) palpebral fissures. D) ciliary glands. E) tarsal plates.

canthi

Clouding of the lens occurs in which of these eye disorders? A) cataracts B) glaucoma C) strabismus D) trachoma

cataracts

Axons of which of the following type of cells exit the eye in the optic nerve? A) rods B) bipolar C) ganglion D) cones

ganglion

The watery fluid we call "tears" is secreted by _________ glands. A) ceruminous B) eccrine C) lacrimal D) tarsal

lacrimal

Which of the following is located within the vestibule of the ear? A) crista ampullaris B) helicotrema C) macula D) organ of Corti

macula

Which auditory ossicle is attached to the tympanic membrane? A) anvil B) incus C) malleus D) stapes

malleus

Identify the correct order in which vibrations travel through the auditory ossicles. A) incus, malleus, stapes B) stapes, malleus, incus C) malleus, incus, stapes D) stapes, incus, malleus

malleus, incus, stapes

The __________ is responsible for visceral and emotional reactions to odors and has connections to the limbic system. A) intermediate olfactory area B) lateral olfactory area C) medial olfactory area D) olfactory bulb

medial olfactory area

Which region of the olfactory cortex is connected to the limbic system? A) intermediate olfactory area B) lateral olfactory area C) medial olfactory area D) superior olfactory area

medial olfactory area

After washing across the eyes, "tears" enter the nasal cavity through which of the following? A) canals of Schlemm B) collecting ducts C) eustachian tubes D) nasolacrimal ducts

nasolacrimal ducts

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the retina? A) ganglion cells B) photoreceptors C) optic chiasm D) optic disc

optic chiasm

At which of the following locations do blood vessels and nerves enter or exit the eye? A) fovea centralis B) optic chiasm C) optic disc D) ora serrata

optic disc

The blind spot of the eye is the A) anterior chamber. B) ciliary body. C) fovea centralis. D) macula lutea. E) optic disc.

optic disc

All of the following are correctly paired EXCEPT A) canal of Schlemm - aqueous humor B) ciliary body - iris C) retina - suspensory ligaments D) vitreous humor - posterior compartment

retina - suspensory ligaments

Which of the following primary tastes do not cause depolarization of the gustatory through a G protein mechanism? A) bitter B) sweet C) salty D) umami

salty

Which of the following primary tastes do not require a substance to bind to a receptor on the gustatory hairs of taste cells? A) salty B) bitter C) sweet D) umami

salty

What eye layer is referred to in the quote "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes"? A) conjunctiva B) choroid C) retina D) sclera

sclera

Which of the following would NOT be part of the nerve pathway involved in conducting sensory impulses to the auditory cortex? A) medulla oblongata B) midbrain C) spinal cord D) thalamus

spinal cord

The sensation of hearing occurs when sensory impulses from the ears are transmitted to the auditory cortex in the __________ lobe from the __________ nerve. A) occipital; trochlear B) occipital; vestibulocochlear C) temporal; trochlear D) temporal; vestibulocochlear

temporal; vestibulocochlear

Given these structures: 1. lacrimal canaliculi 2. lacrimal ducts 3. lacrimal sac 4. nasolacrimal duct 5. puncta List the structures in the correct order that tears would flow through them after being produced in the lacrimal gland. A) 1,2,3,4,5 B) 2,5,1,3,4 C) 3,1,4,2,5 D) 4,5,1,2,3 E) 5,1,3,4,2

2,5,1,3,4

Normally, emmetropia occurs in the eye when viewing objects A) closer than 5 feet from the eye. B) 5 feet or more from the eye. C) closer than 20 feet from the eye. D) 20 feet or more from the eye.

20 feet or more from the eye

Photoreceptors in the human eye are capable of detecting and responding to wavelengths in which of the following ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum? A) 0 (--) 125nm B) 400 (--) 700nm C) 20 (--) 20,000nm D) 1,000 (--) 10,000nm

400 (--) 700nm

Which of the following is NOT true about cones compared to rods? A) Cones produce color images rods do not. B) Cones contain the substance rhodopsin. C) Cones are less sensitive to light. D) Cones produce sharp, clear images.

Cones contain the substance rhodopsin

Which of the following cranial nerves does not transmit taste sensation? A) Trigeminal (V) nerve B) Facial (VII) nerve C) Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve D) Vagus (X) nerve

Trigeminal (V) nerve

Which type of papillae have no taste buds associated with them? A) circumvallate B) filiform C) foliate D) fungiform

filiform

Which type of papillae have the most sensitive taste buds associated with them? A) circumvallate B) filiform C) foliate D) fungiform

foliate

Identify the location of the taste area of the cortex. A) precentral gyrus B) postcentral gyrus C) thalamus D) temporal lobe.

postcentral gyrus

Which of these extrinsic eye muscles is NOT controlled by the oculomotor nerve? A) inferior oblique B) inferior rectus C) medial rectus D) superior oblique

superior oblique

Which of these extrinsic eye muscles is controlled by the trochlear nerve? A) inferior rectus B) medial rectus C) superior oblique D) superior rectus

superior oblique

All of the following are part of the cochlea EXCEPT A) cochlear duct B) scala tympani C) scala vestibuli D) utricle

utricle