A&P Chapter 10 Skin- Test Bank

Which cells originate in the bone marrow and are important in the immune function? a. Dendritic cells b. Melanocytes c. Keratinocytes d. Fibroblasts

a. Dendritic cells

Which of the following is not true of the dermal-epidermal junction? a. It is important in blocking bacteria from passing through the skin. b. It is composed chiefly of basement membrane. c. Its function is to "glue" the two layers of skin together. d. All of the above are true.

a. It is important in blocking bacteria from passing through the skin.

Which of the following is not true of dermal growth and repair? a. Just as the epidermis, the dermis is in a constant state of regeneration. b. In the healing of an injury, fibroblasts reproduce and begin to form new connective tissue. c. Surgical incisions made parallel to cleavage lines are less likely to leave a scar. d. All of the above statements are true.

a. Just as the epidermis, the dermis is in a constant state of regeneration

The cell layers of skin from the most superficial to the deepest appear in what order? a. Stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, and basale b. Stratum basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, and corneum c. Stratum basale, granulosum, lucidum, spinosum, and corneum d. Stratum corneum, granulosum, lucidum, spinosum, and basale

a. Stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, and basale "Come Lets Get Sunburn"

Which skin layer contains closely packed, clear cells that contain a gel-like substance called eleidin? a. Stratum lucidum b. Stratum basale c. Stratum granulosum d. Stratum corneum

a. Stratum lucidum

Which of the following is not true about thick or thin skin? a. Thin skin is hairless. b. Most of the body is covered in thin skin. c. Epidermal ridges are found in thick skin. d. All of the above are true.

a. Thin skin is hairless

A geneticist informs parents that their newborn infant does not have the enzyme tyrosinase. The lack of this enzyme will result in: a. albinism. b. malignant hyperthermia. c. scleroderma. d. vitiligo.

a. albinism.

. Immunity is a function of the skin and occurs by: a. attacking and destroying pathogens. b. evaporation and radiation of pathogens. c. excretion of chemicals in sweat. d. receptors that can detect sensations.

a. attacking and destroying pathogens.

. Of the five epidermal cell layers, the only one that can undergo mitosis is the stratum: a. basale. b. lucidum. c. corneum. d. granulosum

a. basale.

6. The hypodermis:

a. connects the dermis to underlying tissues.

Fingernail growth is the result of the mitosis of the cells in the stratum: a. germinativum. b. granulosum. c. corneum. d. lucidum.

a. germinativum.

Hair can become brittle and dry as a result of the: a. improper function of the sebaceous glands. b. malfunction of the tactile (Meissner) corpuscle. c. overproduction of keratin. d. underproduction of synovial fluid.

a. improper function of the sebaceous glands.

Sebum: a. lubricates hair and skin. b. is produced by sweat glands. c. consists of dead cells from hair follicles. d. is responsible for body odor.

a. lubricates hair and skin.

When the skin looks cyanotic, it is because _____ can be seen through the skin. a. oxygen-poor blood b. oxygen-rich blood c. hemosiderin d. bile pigments

a. oxygen-poor blood

Apocrine sweat glands can be found in all of the following areas except the: a. soles of the feet. b. armpits. c. areolae of the breasts. d. pigmented skin areas around the anus.

a. soles of the feet.

Although body temperature normally changes very little during the course of a day, it is generally the lowest during: a. the early morning. b. mid-afternoon. c. late afternoon. d. the evening

a. the early morning.

Normally, which percentage of the cells in the stratum basale enter mitosis each day? a. 20% to 25% b. 10% to 12% c. 18% to 20% d. 35% to 40%

b. 10% to 12%

The area of the skin in an average-size adult is about _____ square feet. a. 12 b. 18 c. 24 d. 31

b. 18

Which cells of the skin act as a type of antigen-presenting cell in the skin? a. Dermatocytes b. Dendritic cells c. Keratinocytes d. Melanocytes

b. Dendritic cells

The conversion of water from a liquid state into a gaseous state happens with which form of body heat loss? a. Convection b. Evaporation c. Radiation d. Conduction

b. Evaporation

After several hours of landscaping the yard, Jennifer experienced a body temperature of 105° F; a rapid heart rate; headache; and hot, dry skin. She was taken to a medical facility and treated for what condition? a. Heat exhaustion b. Heat stroke c. Hypothermia d. Malignant hyperthermia

b. Heat stroke

11. The type of cancer associated with immune deficiencies is: a. squamous cell carcinoma. b. Kaposi sarcoma. c. basal cell carcinoma. d. malignant melanoma.

b. Kaposi sarcoma.

Which skin pigment is a light reddish color? a. Beta carotene b. Pheomelanin c. Eumelanin d. None of the above

b. Pheomelanin

The skin of an infant is more easily damaged by penetration or abrasion than that of an adult. Which layer is probably thinner in an infant than in an adult? a. Stratum basale b. Stratum corneum c. Stratum lucidum d. Stratum spinosum

b. Stratum corneum

Cells in which layer are filled with a protein called eleidin? a. Stratum corneum b. Stratum lucidum c. Stratum spinosum d. Stratum granulosum

b. Stratum lucidum

Which skin layer has cells that look prickly because of the desmosomes that join the cells together? a. Stratum basale b. Stratum spinosum c. Stratum granulosum d. Stratum corneum

b. Stratum spinosum

2. Which of the following is not a function of the skin? a. Defense against disease organisms b. Synthesis of vitamin E c. Regulation of body temperature d. Excretion of water and salts

b. Synthesis of vitamin E

Many liquid medicines, such as insulin, are administered using a subcutaneous injection. Why is the subcutaneous layer an ideal site for the administration of such medication? a. The subcutaneous layer is rich in blood supply and nerve networks. b. The subcutaneous layer has a rich blood supply and loose spongy texture. c. The subcutaneous layer has a rich blood supply and firm texture. d. The subcutaneous layer has a rich supply of nerves and loose spongy texture.

b. The subcutaneous layer has a rich blood supply and loose spongy texture.

The most common type of skin cancer is: a. malignant melanoma. b. basal cell carcinoma. c. Kaposi sarcoma. d. All skin cancers occur in about equal frequency.

b. basal cell carcinoma.

The hair papilla consists of _____ tissue. a. epidermal b. dermal c. hypodermal d. fibrous connective

b. dermal

13. The hair follicle is found in the: a. epidermis. b. dermis. c. hypodermis. d. subcutaneous layer.

b. dermis.

The most numerous, important, and widespread sweat glands in the body are: a. apocrine. b. eccrine. c. ceruminous. d. sebaceous.

b. eccrine.

The same degree of environmental temperature seems hotter in humid climates than it does in dry ones because: a. evaporation increases in humid climates. b. evaporation is retarded in humid climates. c. radiation is increased in humid climates. d. humid climates alter the temperature receptors in the hypothalamus

b. evaporation is retarded in humid climates.

After several months of extensive weight training, Nick has noticed pinkish, depressed furrows with jagged edges in his axillary region. These markings are a result of: a. a decrease in dermal papillae. b. healing due to tiny tears in the dermis. c. malfunction of the microvilli. d. overproduction of the arrector pili muscles.

b. healing due to tiny tears in the dermis.

Yellowish discoloration of the skin and other tissues is a condition known as jaundice. This results from the: a. gallbladder not being able to eliminate bile from the blood efficiently. b. liver not being able to eliminate bile from the blood efficiently. c. liver not being able to eliminate hemoglobin from the blood efficiently. d. red blood cells not being able to eliminate hemoglobin.

b. liver not being able to eliminate bile from the blood efficiently.

The excretory function of the skin includes all of the following except: a. influencing the fluid volume of the body. b. playing an important excretory role for the body. c. removing uric acid and urea from the body. d. The excretory function includes all of the above.

b. playing an important excretory role for the body.

A second-degree burn is characterized by: a. destruction of both the epidermis and the dermis. b. severe pain, generalized swelling, and edema. c. minor discomfort and some redness. d. involvement of muscles, fasciae, or bones

b. severe pain, generalized swelling, and edema.

How can the regeneration time required for completion of mitosis, differentiation, and movement of new keratinocytes from the stratum basale to the surface of the epidermis be accelerated? a. By abrasion of the skin surface b. By the presence of eleidin c. By the epidermal proliferating unit d. By the presence of dermal-epidermal junctions

c. By the epidermal proliferating unit

What increase in body temperature would be caused by pyrogens? a. Heat exhaustion b. Heat stroke c. Fever d. Malignant hyperthermia

c. Fever

Which of the following is not true of the dermis? a. It contains a papillary layer. b. It contains a reticular layer. c. In general, the dermis is thinner on the dorsal side of the body than on the ventral side. d. It plays an important role in body temperature regulation.

c. In general, the dermis is thinner on the dorsal side of the body than on the ventral side

Which of the following is not true of the hypodermis? a. It is also called the subcutaneous layer. b. It contains mostly loose connective tissue and adipose tissue. c. It is the deepest part of the skin. d. All of the above are true.

c. It is the deepest part of the skin.

Which is not part of a hair? a. Shaft b. Root c. Lanugo d. Medulla

c. Lanugo

In which skin layer does the process of keratinization begin? a. Stratum basale b. Stratum corneum c. Stratum granulosum d. Stratum spinosum

c. Stratum granulosum

To increase the efficiency of protein synthesis, cells in which epidermal layer are rich in RNA? a. Stratum corneum b. Stratum lucidum c. Stratum spinosum d. Stratum granulosum

c. Stratum spinosum

Which of the following is not true of the body's ability to regulate heat loss? a. It is part of a negative-feedback mechanism. b. Sweat glands increase the production of sweat. c. The homeostatic regulation of body temperature is regulated by the thyroid gland. d. All of the above are true.

c. The homeostatic regulation of body temperature is regulated by the thyroid gland.

Which statement best explains the importance of the dendritic cells? a. They contribute color to the skin and serve to decrease the amount of ultraviolet light that can penetrate into the deeper layers of the skin. b. They become filled with a tough, fibrous protein called keratin. c. They find markers on bacteria and other invaders and present them to other immune system cells for recognition and destruction. d. They form the attachment of the hair follicle with the arrector pili muscles.

c. They find markers on bacteria and other invaders and present them to other immune system cells for recognition and destruction.

3. The superficial outer layer of the epidermis is the stratum: a. basale. b. lucidum. c. corneum. d. granulosum.

c. corneum.

The area referred to as true skin is the: a. stratum corneum. b. subcutaneous layer. c. dermis. d. hypodermis.

c. dermis.

The darkest of the skin pigments is: a. beta carotene. b. pheomelanin. c. eumelanin. d. none of the above.

c. eumelanin.

Prolonged exposure to the sun causes melanocytes to: a. increase in number. b. rupture and release their contents. c. increase melanin production. d. decrease melanin production.

c. increase melanin production.

The body compensates for the increase in the core body temperature caused by exercise by: a. decreasing the blood flow to the skin. b. increasing the blood flow to the core. c. increasing the blood flow to the skin. d. vasoconstriction of the blood vessels in the skin

c. increasing the blood flow to the skin.

The term used to describe the skin and its appendages is: a. epidermis. b. dermis. c. integumentary system. d. integument.

c. integumentary system.

In the skin, the dermis: a. and epidermis are both epithelial tissue. b. and epidermis are both connective tissue. c. is connective tissue and the epidermis is epithelial tissue. d. is epithelial tissue and the epidermis is connective tissue.

c. is connective tissue and the epidermis is epithelial tissue.

. The papillary layer of the dermis: a. is responsible for cleavage or tension lines in the skin. b. does not contain blood vessels. c. produces the ridges that make fingerprints. d. contains large deposits of fat.

c. produces the ridges that make fingerprints.

The type of gland associated with blackheads is: a. eccrine. b. apocrine. c. sebaceous. d. ceruminous.

c. sebaceous.

The time required for the completion of mitosis, differentiation, and the movement of new cells from the stratum basale to the surface of the skin is about: a. 35 hours. b. 17 days. c. 22 days. d. 35 days.

d. 35 days.

1. Which of the following vitamins is(are) absorbed through the skin? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin K d. All of the above

d. All of the above

The layer beneath the dermis is called the: a. hypodermis. b. subcutaneous layer. c. superficial fascia. d. All of the above are correct

d. All of the above are correct

What increase in body temperature can be caused by anesthetics or muscle relaxants? a. Heat exhaustion b. Heat stroke c. Fever d. Malignant hyperthermia

d. Malignant hyperthermia

The fibers in which layer make it possible for skin to stretch and be elastic? a. Connective tissue b. Epidermal c. Muscle d. Reticular

d. Reticular

In what area of the body would you expect to find an especially thick stratum corneum? a. Back of the hand b. Thigh c. Abdomen d. Sole of the foot

d. Sole of the foot

Which skin layer is called the barrier area? a. Stratum lucidum b. Stratum basale c. Stratum granulosum d. Stratum corneum

d. Stratum corneum

If you were looking under the microscope at a slide that contains skin glands, what three kinds of microscopic glands would be present? a. Sebaceous, eccrine, and ceruminous glands b. Sweat, eccrine, and ceruminous glands c. Sweat, eccrine, and sebaceous glands d. Sweat, sebaceous, and ceruminous glands

d. Sweat, sebaceous, and ceruminous glands

The surface film found on the skin has a variety of functions, including: a. lubrication. b. buffering of caustic irritants. c. antibacterial and antifungal activity. d. all of the above

d. all of the above

"Burns" can be caused by: a. ultraviolet light. b. corrosive chemicals. c. electrical current. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

A major distinction between second- and third-degree burns is that third-degree burns: a. involve injury to only the deep epidermal layers. b. involve damage to only hair follicles. c. involve damage to only the sweat glands. d. are characterized by insensitivity to pain immediately after injury.

d. are characterized by insensitivity to pain immediately after injury.

9. Smooth muscles that produce goose pimples when they contract are the _____ muscles. a. papillary b. cuticle c. medullary d. arrector pili

d. arrector pili

The waxy secretion in the external ear canal is: a. eccrine. b. apocrine. c. sebaceous. d. ceruminous.

d. ceruminous.

A person leaning against a cold cement block wall would lose heat by the process of: a. convection. b. evaporation. c. radiation. d. conduction.

d. conduction.

The body's temperature control center is located in the: a. cerebrum. b. medulla. c. thalamus. d. hypothalamus.

d. hypothalamus.

Hair: a. alternates between periods of growth and rest. b. consists of keratinized cells. c. is formed from cells of the germinal matrix. d. is all of the above.

d. is all of the above.

Matt is admitted to the hospital with burns to the deep epidermal layers and injury to the upper layers of the dermis. The physician treats Matt's condition as a _____ burn. a. first-degree b. hypothermia c. minor d. second-degree

d. second-degree

The special network of nerves deep in the dermis that is capable of detecting pressure on the skin surface is called: a. free nerve endings. b. Krause end bulbs. c. tactile corpuscle. d. somatic sensory receptors.

d. somatic sensory receptors.

Onycholysis is usually caused by: a. a cuticle infection. b. malfunctioning of the tactile (Meissner) corpuscle. c. overproduction of the root of the fingernail. d. trauma to long fingernails.

d. trauma to long fingernails.