A&P chapter 19-21 hw questions
How many pulmonary veins are there? Question options: A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) it varies
4
What is the correct order for the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit, starting at the aorta?1. venules2. arterioles3. capillaries4. elastic arteries5. medium veins6. large veins7. muscular arteries Question options: A) 2, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 6 B) 6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4 C) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6 D) 7, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6 E) 5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4
4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6
The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?1. right atrium2. left atrium3. right ventricle4. left ventricle5. venae cavae6. aorta7. pulmonary trunk8. pulmonary veins Question options: A) 5, 1, 3, 8, 7, 2, 4, 6 B) 5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6 C) 1, 7, 3, 8, 2, 4, 6, 5 D) 5, 3, 1, 7, 8, 4, 2, 6 E) 1, 2, 7, 8, 3, 4, 6, 5
5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6
________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced. Question options: A) Leukopenia B) Polycythemia C) Leukemia D) Thrombocytopenia E) Anemia
Anemia
Considering the left ventricle, why does isovolumetric ventricular contraction occur during ventricular systole? Question options: A) The ventricle is still filling with blood and therefore cannot eject blood during this time. B) The ventricle needs to pressurize the blood to close the aortic valve. C) The bicuspid valve needs time to shut before the ventricle can eject blood. D) Ventricular pressure is greater than atrial pressure so the ventricle cannot eject blood. E) Aortic pressure is higher than ventricular pressure and the ventricle must pressurize the blood to open the aortic valve.
Aortic pressure is higher than ventricular pressure and the ventricle must pressurize the blood to open the aortic valve.
Cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells differ in a few ways. Which of the following is not one of them? Question options: A) Skeletal muscle cells lack intercalated discs. B) Cardiac muscle cells have a single, centered nucleus. C) Cardiac muscle cells branch. D) Cardiac muscle cells are smaller in size. E) Cardiac muscle cells lack transverse tubules.
Cardiac muscle cells lack transverse tubules.
________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Question options: A) The platelet phase B) Coagulation C) Retraction D) Fibrinolysis E) Vascular spasm
Coagulation
Which of the following is true of capillaries compared to other vessels? Question options: A) Blood pressure and velocity are highest. B) Cross-sectional area is lowest and velocity is highest. C) Blood pressure is highest and velocity is lowest. D) Blood pressure and cross-sectional area are lowest. E) Cross-sectional area is highest and velocity is lowest.
Cross-sectional area is highest and velocity is lowest.
Which of the following is not a way that red blood cell shape is significant? Question options: A) It gives the red blood cell a large surface area to volume ratio. B) It enables red blood cells to phagocytose bacteria. C) It enables red blood cells to form stacks. D) It allows red blood cells to bend and flex. E) It allows fast exchange of gases between the inside of the cell and the plasma.
It enables red blood cells to phagocytose bacteria.
In what way does blood assist in immune function? Question options: A) Platelets allow clotting. B) White blood cells defend against pathogens. C) Plasma antibodies and white blood cells defend against pathogens. D) Red blood cells transport gases. E) Albumins transport hormones.
Plasma antibodies and white blood cells defend against pathogens.
Type AB blood has which of the following characteristics? Question options: A) RBCs have no surface antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma. B) RBCs have the A and the B surface antigens and the plasma has anti-A and anti-B antibodies. C) RBCs have both the A & B surface antigens and no ABO plasma antibodies. D) RBCs have the Rh positive antigens and the anti-D plasma antibodies. E) RBCs have the A antigen and the plasma has the anti-B antibody.
RBCs have both the A & B surface antigens and no ABO plasma antibodies.
________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation. Question options: A) Reticulocytes B) Myeloblasts C) Erythroblasts D) Normoblasts E) Band cells
Reticulocytes
Which of the following changes does not occur during exercise compared to rest? Question options: A) Skin blood flow is lower. B) Cardiac output is higher. C) Abdominal viscera blood flow is lower. D) Kidney blood flow is lower. E) Heart blood flow is higher.
Skin blood flow is lower.
Which of the following statements is true concerning differences between the right and left ventricles? Question options: A) The efficiency of the right ventricle is increased by the left ventricle because the wall of the left ventricle pushes into the right ventricle. B) The left ventricles pumps twice as much blood as the right ventricle. C) The right ventricles pumps blood to the body, whereas the left ventricle pumps blood to the lungs. D) The right ventricle pumps with more force compared to the left. E) The right ventricle is conical-shaped while the left ventricle is half-moon shaped.
The efficiency of the right ventricle is increased by the left ventricle because the wall of the left ventricle pushes into the right ventricle.
Which of the following statements about blood is false? Question options: A) Blood contains buffers that control pH. B) Blood is more viscous than water. C) Blood is about 55 percent plasma. D) The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0. E) Cells in blood comprise the formed elements.
The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0.
In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter, a vessel with a small diameter has Question options: A) a greater resistance to blood flow. B) the same amount of pressure as resistance. C) a greater blood flow. D) a higher blood pressure. E) less resistance to blood flow.
a greater resistance to blood flow.
The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the Question options: A) sticking of platelets to each other. B) release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium. C) release of heparin from the liver. D) activation of Factor XII by platelet factors. E) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.
activation of Factor XII by platelet factors.
Which of the following descriptions best matches the function of platelets? Question options: A) produce antibodies in response to antigens B) adhere to collagen beneath endothelium C) kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide D) helper cells are one type E) often elevated in allergic individuals
adhere to collagen beneath endothelium
The clumping of red blood cells, when the specific antibody against the antigen on the cells is added, is called Question options: A) coagulation. B) hemostasis. C) agglutination. D) areolation. E) vascularization.
agglutination.
The protein(s) that are the major contributors to plasma osmolarity is/are Question options: A) albumins. B) globulins. C) transferrin. D) lipoprotein. E) fibrinogen.
albumins.
When heart rate increases, the time spent in Question options: A) diastole increases. B) systole increases. C) isovolumetric contraction increases. D) all phases decreases but most of the decrease is during systole. E) all phases decreases but most of the decrease is during diastole.
all phases decreases but most of the decrease is during diastole.
Type A blood has ________ antibodies in the blood plasma. Question options: A) anti-B B) anti-O C) anti-D D) anti-A E) anti-Rh
anti-B
Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood? Question options: A) platelets B) lymphocytes C) RBCs D) antibodies E) basophils
antibodies
The left and right coronary arteries originate at the Question options: A) aortic arch. B) carotid sinus. C) aortic valve. D) aortic sinus. E) brachiocephalic trunk.
aortic arch.
These structures keep the aortic valve cusps from sticking to the wall of the aorta. Question options: A) pectinate muscles B) aortic sinuses C) chordae tendineae D) papillary muscles E) auricles
aortic sinuses
Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to Question options: A) pulse pressure. B) arteriovenous pressure. C) arterial pressure. D) capillary hydrostatic pressure. E) peripheral pressure.
arterial pressure.
What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole? Question options: A) capillaries B) arteries C) venules D) veins E) arterioles
arteries
Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel? Question options: A) vein B) venule C) capillary D) artery E) arteriole
arteriole
The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the Question options: A) arteriole. B) venule. C) artery. D) vein. E) capillary.
arteriole.
The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the Question options: A) capillaries. B) veins. C) arterioles. D) arteries. E) venules.
arterioles.
A(n) ________ is a direct connection between an arteriole and a venule. Question options: A) arch B) collateralization C) arteriovenous anastomosis D) arteriovenule joint E) arteriovenule junction
arteriovenous anastomosis
In what vessel is blood pressure the highest? Question options: A) venule B) vein C) artery D) arteriole E) capillary
artery
Which common over the counter drug can decrease blood clotting and thus may be beneficial for preventing a heart attack? Question options: A) tums B) cough syrup C) aspirin D) anti-histamines E) acetaminophen
aspirin
The regulation of blood flow by local mechanisms within a capillary bed is called Question options: A) hormonal regulation. B) hemoregulation. C) autoregulation. D) neuroregulation. E) vasoregulation.
autoregulation.
The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the Question options: A) hilum. B) mediastinum. C) apex. D) base. E) septum.
base.
Which of the following would not increase heart rate? Question options: A) increased levels of epinephrine B) increased sympathetic stimulation of SA node C) faster depolarization of the pacemaker potential D) decreased parasympathetic stimulation of nodal fibers E) beta blocking drugs
beta blocking drugs
The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium. Question options: A) semilunar B) bicuspid C) pulmonic D) semicaval E) tricuspid
bicuspid
With each ventricular systole, Question options: A) the ventricles fill with blood. B) blood pressure remains steady. C) blood pressure increases. D) cardiac output decreases. E) blood pressure decreases.
blood pressure increases.
Total peripheral resistance is affected primarily by Question options: A) blood vessel diameter. B) turbulence. C) blood vessel length. D) blood viscosity. E) venous pressure.
blood vessel diameter.
Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits Question options: A) increased body stores of sodium ions. B) polycythemia. C) decreased blood volume. D) increased blood pressure. E) both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ions.
both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ions.
An increase in the rate of action potentials from baroreceptors will trigger a reflex to Question options: A) decrease blood pressure. B) decrease heart rate. C) increase heart rate. D) both decrease heart rate and decrease pressure. E) both increase heart rate and increase pressure.
both decrease heart rate and decrease pressure.
When carotid and aortic baroreceptors reduce their output, Question options: A) heart rate decreases. B) heart rate increases. C) stroke volume increases. D) both heart rate and stroke volume increase. E) the heart rate will decrease to lower blood pressure.
both heart rate and stroke volume increase.
he long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to Question options: A) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions. B) increased membrane permeability to potassium ion. C) decrease in the amount of calcium diffusing across the membrane. D) movement of fewer sodium ions across the cell membrane. E) calcium channels remaining open.
calcium channels remaining open.
What structure do RBCs move through single-file? Question options: A) vein B) capillary C) venule D) arteriole E) artery
capillary
Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of Question options: A) smooth muscle cells. B) chondrocytes. C) epithelial cells. D) cardiac muscle cells. E) fibrocytes.
cardiac muscle cells.
When a person rises quickly from a sitting position, all of the following reactions will occur except Question options: A) venous return is decreased. B) reflex vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels occurs. C) cardiac output will decrease. D) heart rate is reflexively elevated. E) the carotid baroreceptors become less active.
cardiac output will decrease.
A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to Question options: A) initiate clot formation. B) recruit neutrophils to an infection. C) recruit platelets to the area. D) cause clot dissolution to proceed faster. E) cause clots to form faster.
cause clot dissolution to proceed faster.
The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to Question options: A) interatrial septa. B) trabeculae carneae. C) coronary sulci. D) chordae tendineae. E) papillary muscles.
chordae tendineae.
Hormones called ________ are involved in regulation of white blood cell populations. Question options: A) thrombopoietin B) colony-stimulating factors C) plasmin D) bilirubin E) erythropoietin
colony-stimulating factors
Near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the ________ arteries. Question options: A) popliteal B) common carotid C) tibial D) common iliac E) femoral
common iliac.
The structures responsible for distributing excitation to the contractile cells are Question options: A) contractile cells. B) conducting cells. C) internodal cells. D) intercalated cells. E) pacemaker cells.
conducting cells.
Platelets are Question options: A) large cells with a prominent, concave nucleus. B) red blood cells that lack a nucleus. C) cytoplasmic fragments of large cells. D) red blood cells that have a nucleus. E) tiny cells with a polynucleus.
cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.
If the force of ventricular contraction increases, what will happen to the end-systolic volume? Question options: A) fluctuate rapidly B) increase C) remain the same D) decrease E) reduced to zero
decrease
During hemorrhaging, the drop in capillary hydrostatic pressure will ________ NFP, thus ________ reabsorption. Question options: A) decrease; reducing B) stabilize; reducing C) decrease; increasing D) increase; reducing E) increase; increasing
decrease; increasing
Resistance is a force that Question options: A) is always higher than blood pressure. B) acts with pressure to move blood along a vessel. C) increases blood flow. D) decreases blood flow. E) never changes in a blood vessel.
decreases blood flow.
When hemoglobin does not have oxygen bound to hemoglobin it is termed Question options: A) hemolyzed. B) oxyhemoglobin. C) sickle hemoglobin. D) deoxyhemoglobin. E) carbaminohemoglobin.
deoxyhemoglobin.
Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes? Question options: A) adhere to collagen beneath endothelium B) develop into plasma cells and produce antibodies in response to antigens C) helper cells are one type D) kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide E) often elevated in allergic individuals
develop into plasma cells and produce antibodies in response to antigens
The ________ divides the aorta into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta. Question options: A) pleura B) diaphragm C) mediastinum D) peritoneum E) pericardium
diaphragm
The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle is called Question options: A) diastole. B) systole. C) depolarization. D) hyperpolarization. E) asystole.
diastole.
The process of fibrinolysis Question options: A) activates fibrinogen. B) draws torn edges of damaged tissue closer together. C) dissolves clots. D) forms thrombi. E) forms emboli.
dissolves clots.
The ________ is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the beginning of systole. Question options: A) end-systolic volume B) stroke volume C) ejection fraction D) end-diastole volume E) asystolic volume
end-diastole volume
The ________ is the amount of blood in a ventricle after it has contracted and before it begins to refill. Question options: A) end-systolic volume B) start-diastolic volume C) stroke volume D) end-diastole volume E) ejection fraction
end-systolic volume
The amount of blood remaining in the ventricle when the semilunar valve closes is the Question options: A) ejection fraction. B) stroke volume. C) end-diastole volume. D) end-systolic volume. E) start-diastolic volume.
end-systolic volume.
White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the Question options: A) lymphocytes. B) platelets. C) eosinophils. D) monocytes. E) neutrophils.
eosinophils.
The ________ covers the outer surface of the heart. Question options: A) parietal pericardium B) endocardium C) myocardium D) mediastinum E) epicardium
epicardium
Reticulocytes complete their development into ________ in the circulation. Question options: A) macrophages B) megakaryocytes C) thrombocytes D) erythrocytes E) neutrophils
erythrocytes
The process of red blood cell production is called Question options: A) erythropoiesis. B) hematopenia. C) erythrocytosis. D) erythropenia. E) hemocytosis.
erythropoiesis.
Blood pressure is determined by Question options: A) estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff. B) measuring the force of contraction of the left ventricle. C) listening carefully to the pulse. D) estimating the degree of turbulence in a partly closed vessel. E) measuring the size of the pulse.
estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff.
The external iliac artery branches to form the ________ arteries. Question options: A) femoral and deep femoral B) tibial and popliteal C) femoral and tibial D) femoral and popliteal E) radial and ulnar
femoral and deep femoral
Capillaries with a perforated lining are called Question options: A) fenestrated capillaries. B) perforated capillaries. C) discontinuous capillaries. D) sinuses. E) vasa vasorum.
fenestrated capillaries.
A plasma protein essential for blood clotting is Question options: A) albumin alpha. B) lipoprotein C. C) fibrinogen. D) metalloprotein D. E) immunoglobulin A.
fibrinogen.
The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the Question options: A) foramen ovale. B) coronary sinus. C) ligamentum arteriosus. D) fossa ovalis. E) interatrial septum.
foramen ovale.
Approximately 45 percent of blood volume is composed of the Question options: A) clotting factors. B) formed elements. C) antibodies. D) leukocytes. E) plasma.
formed elements.
All of the following are functions of blood except Question options: A) defending against pathogens. B) regulating ion concentration. C) transporting gases and hormones. D) regulating pH. E) generating action potentials.
generating action potentials.
Compared to arteries, veins Question options: A) have a pleated endothelium. B) have thinner walls. C) hold their shape better when cut. D) have more smooth muscle in their tunica media. E) are rounder in a sectional cut.
have thinner walls.
The pulmonary veins carry blood to the Question options: A) heart. B) lungs. C) intestines. D) brain. E) liver.
heart.
More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is Question options: A) immunoglobulin. B) hemoglobin. C) albumin. D) porphyrin. E) fibrinogen.
hemoglobin.
The force that moves fluid out of capillaries is ________ pressure whereas the opposing force that moves fluid into capillaries is ________ pressure. Question options: A) hydrostatic; colloid osmotic B) systolic; diastolic C) plasma; extracellular D) blood; interstitial E) colloid osmotic; hydrostatic
hydrostatic; colloid osmotic
The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow Question options: A) in opposite directions on the right and left. B) in many directions. C) from a ventricle to an atrium. D) in one direction only. E) in both directions.
in one direction only.
Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue except Question options: A) relaxation of precapillary sphincters. B) decreased peripheral resistance. C) increased vessel diameter. D) increased hematocrit. E) increased blood pressure.
increased hematocrit.
In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of Question options: A) decreased membrane permeability to sodium ions. B) increased membrane permeability to chloride ions. C) increased membrane permeability to potassium ions. D) decreased membrane permeability to calcium ions. E) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.
increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.
As blood circulates from arteries into capillaries, the total cross-sectional area of capillaries Question options: A) decreases and causes the blood velocity to decrease. B) decreases and causes the blood velocity to increase. C) is the same as the total cross-sectional area of arteries and blood velocity is equal between arteries and capillaries. D) increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease. E) increases and causes the blood velocity to increase.
increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.
Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following except Question options: A) increased thirst and water intake. B) inhibition of EPO secretion. C) uptake of interstitial fluid due to reduced capillary pressure. D) activation of ADH secretion. E) activation of aldosterone secretion.
inhibition of EPO secretion.
The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the Question options: A) interatrial septum. B) right ventricle. C) left atrium. D) left ventricle. E) right atrium.
interatrial septum.
An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ________ artery. Question options: A) external carotid B) azygos C) internal carotid D) maxillary E) mental
internal carotid
In arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers associated with the tunica intima is called the Question options: A) tunica media. B) internal elastic membrane. C) tunica externa. D) external elastic membrane. E) tunica intima.
internal elastic membrane.
Major branches of the subclavian artery include the ________ artery(ies). Question options: A) digital B) brachial C) internal thoracic D) phrenic E) radial
internal thoracic
Collectively, the conducting cells that carry the impulse from the SA node to the AV node is known as the Question options: A) AV block. B) internodal pathway. C) conducting system. D) pacemaker cells. E) bundle branches.
internodal pathway.
Plasma is closest in composition to Question options: A) isotonic saline solution. B) urine. C) sterile water. D) interstitial fluid. E) CSF.
interstitial fluid.
Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of Question options: A) iron. B) magnesium. C) calcium. D) sodium. E) copper.
iron.
During the beginning of ventricular systole when the muscle is contracting but not enough pressure has built up to open the semilunar valves the heart is said to be in Question options: A) atrial kick. B) isovolumetric relaxation. C) passive ventricular filling. D) atrial systole. E) isovolumetric contraction.
isovolumetric contraction.
The AV node delay is beneficial because Question options: A) it allows time for the atria to contract. B) it hyperpolarizes the ventricular cell membranes. C) it allows time for the ventricles to contract. D) it allows time to send feedback to the brain about heartrate. E) it decreases neural stimulation of the heart.
it allows time for the atria to contract.
Which valve(s) contains 2 cusps? Question options: A) right AV and pulmonary valves B) left AV and aortic valves C) right AV valve D) left AV valve E) right and left AV valves
left AV valve
Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the Question options: A) right atrium. B) left atrium. C) left ventricle. D) right ventricle. E) conus arteriosus.
left atrium.
In mitral valve prolapse, the cusps of the mitral valve are pushed into the Question options: A) right ventricle. B) left ventricle. C) aorta. D) left atrium. E) right atrium.
left atrium.
Which chamber has the thickest wall? Question options: A) left auricle B) right ventricle C) left ventricle D) left atrium E) right atrium
left ventricle
Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the Question options: A) lungs. B) right atrium. C) left atrium. D) aorta. E) systemic circuit.
lungs.
The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the Question options: A) lungs. B) intestines. C) liver. D) brain. E) heart.
lungs.
Some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries is returned to the blood by the Question options: A) hepatic portal vein. B) venules. C) liver. D) lymphatic system. E) muscular arteries.
lymphatic system.
Natural killer cells are one of the functional classes of Question options: A) eosinophils. B) neutrophils. C) lymphocytes. D) thrombocytes. E) monocytes.
lymphocytes.
The blood cells involved in specific immunity are the Question options: A) erythrocytes. B) basophils. C) neutrophils. D) monocytes. E) lymphocytes.
lymphocytes.
The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the tunica Question options: A) externa. B) intima. C) adventitia. D) interna. E) media.
media.
Heart rate is controlled by neurons of the cardiovascular center located in the Question options: A) medulla oblongata. B) thalamus. C) higher centers. D) hypothalamus. E) pons.
medulla oblongata.
In response to hemorrhage, there is Question options: A) constriction of elastic arteries to maintain blood pressure. B) mobilization of the venous reserve. C) increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. D) peripheral vasodilation. E) increased blood flow to the digestive system.
mobilization of the venous reserve.
The ________ is an important ridge of muscle extending horizontally around the right ventricle from the interventricular septum to the base of the anterior papillary muscle containing part of the conducting system. Question options: A) moderator band B) trabeculae carneae C) auricle D) conus arteriosus E) pectinate muscle
moderator band
The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery? Question options: A) elastic B) connective C) vascular D) arteriolar E) muscular
muscular
The muscle layer of the heart is the Question options: A) epicardium. B) endocardium. C) mediastinum. D) parietal pericardium. E) myocardium.
myocardium.
During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of Question options: A) thrombocytes. B) neutrophils. C) basophils. D) eosinophils. E) reticulocytes.
neutrophils.
Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except the Question options: A) blood vessel diameter. B) osmolarity of interstitial fluids. C) turbulence. D) length of a blood vessel. E) blood viscosity.
osmolarity of interstitial fluids.
The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________. Question options: A) deoxygenated; superior vena cava B) deoxygenated; left atrium C) deoxygenated; right atrium D) oxygenated; left atrium E) oxygenated; right lung
oxygenated; left atrium
Gradual drifting of membrane potential toward threshold in autorhythmic cells is termed a Question options: A) pacemaker potential. B) receptor potential. C) gated potential. D) ligand-gated potential. E) action potential.
pacemaker potential.
Thick projections of muscle in the ventricles that anchor chordae tendineae are called Question options: A) conus arteriosus. B) auricles. C) trabeculae carneae. D) papillary muscles. E) pectinate muscles.
papillary muscles.
Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased Question options: A) sympathetic stimulation of the heart. B) blood flow to the lungs. C) heart rate. D) cardiac output. E) parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
Each of the following factors will increase cardiac output except increased Question options: A) heart rate. B) venous return. C) force of contraction. D) sympathetic stimulation. E) parasympathetic stimulation.
parasympathetic stimulation.
The heart lies within the ________ cavity. Question options: A) dorsal B) pericardial C) orbital D) peritoneal E) pleural
pericardial
Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the Question options: A) precapillary sphincter. B) vasa vasorum. C) thoroughfare channel. D) plexus. E) venule.
precapillary sphincter.
As blood travels from arteries to veins, Question options: A) diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller. B) pressure drops. C) pressure builds. D) flow becomes turbulent. E) viscosity increases.
pressure drops.
Points where a muscular artery can be compressed against a bone to control severe bleeding are called Question options: A) regulation points. B) pressure points. C) decompression points. D) palpation points. E) diastolic points.
pressure points.
Oxygen is added to blood as it flows through the ________ circuit. Question options: A) portal B) primary C) systemic D) pulmonary E) oxygen
pulmonary
The ________ circuit carries blood to and from the lungs. Question options: A) portal B) systemic C) pulmonary D) primary E) oxygen
pulmonary
The right atrium receives blood from all of the following structures except the Question options: A) inferior vena cava. B) coronary sinus. C) superior vena cava. D) pulmonary veins. E) systemic circuit.
pulmonary veins.
Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except Question options: A) the respiratory pump. B) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein. C) muscular compression. D) valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood. E) the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries.
pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.
Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics except Question options: A) works harder. B) pumps a greater volume. C) is round in cross section. D) produces about four to six times more pressure when it contracts. E) has a thicker wall.
pumps a greater volume.
Which of the following is a deep vein of the forearm? Question options: A) basilic B) radial C) hemiazygos D) cephalic E) azygos
radial
All the circulating red blood cells in an adult originate in the Question options: A) thymus. B) heart. C) lymph tissue. D) spleen. E) red bone marrow.
red bone marrow.
In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the Question options: A) spleen. B) liver. C) thymus. D) red bone marrow. E) yellow bone marrow.
red bone marrow.
Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems. Question options: A) reduces; increases B) reduces; reduces C) decreases; doubles D) doubles; decreases E) increases; reduces
reduces; increases
Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure except Question options: A) decrease in blood volume. B) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide). C) decreased levels of aldosterone. D) decreased peripheral resistance. E) release of renin.
release of renin.
To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body Question options: A) releases atrial natriuretic peptide. B) experiences an increase of interstitial fluids. C) reduces reabsorption of water at the kidneys. D) releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH). E) experiences a decrease in the blood colloidal osmotic pressure.
releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Which of the following veins empty directly into the inferior vena cava? Question options: A) renal B) left adrenal C) hepatic portal D) azygos E) left gonadal
renal
Stroke volume depends on all of the following factors except Question options: A) the contractility of the ventricle. B) respiratory rate. C) end diastolic volume. D) the pressure required to pump blood into the aorta. E) venous return of blood to the heart.
respiratory rate.
The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as Question options: A) proerythrocytes. B) reticulocytes. C) band forms. D) myeloid cells. E) hemocytoblasts.
reticulocytes.
Which of the following are involved in the pulmonary circuit? Question options: A) right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, left atrium B) right ventricle, pulmonary veins, aorta C) superior vena cava, right atrium, left ventricle D) left ventricle, pulmonary veins, right atrium E) inferior vena cava, right atrium, aorta
right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, left atrium
Elevated levels of the natriuretic peptide hormone, ANP, will produce increased Question options: A) sodium ion levels in blood. B) blood volume. C) salt and water loss through the kidneys. D) blood pressure. E) venous return and preload.
salt and water loss through the kidneys.
The basic heartrate established by the SA node is called the Question options: A) sinus rhythm. B) SA potential. C) vagal tone. D) action potential. E) pacemaker potential.
sinus rhythm.
At the level of the first rib, the axillary vein becomes the ________ vein. Question options: A) azygos B) subclavian C) cephalic D) external jugular E) innominate
subclavian
The blood vessel that carries blood to the arm and shoulder is the ________ artery. Question options: A) acromial B) brachiocephalic C) brachial D) axillary E) subclavian
subclavian
The fusion of the brachiocephalic veins forms the Question options: A) subclavian vein. B) superior vena cava. C) innominate vein. D) azygos vein. E) inferior vena cava.
superior vena cava.
Cardiac output is increased by Question options: A) decreased venous return. B) increased end systolic volume. C) sympathetic stimulation. D) inhibiting the atrial reflex. E) decreased end diastolic volume.
sympathetic stimulation.
The phase in the cardiac cycle when the mitral valve is closed and the aortic valve is open is the Question options: A) dicrotic phase. B) late diastolic filling phase. C) early diastolic filling phase. D) systolic ejection phase. E) atrial systole.
systolic ejection phase.
As a result of the long refractory period in the cardiac action potential, cardiac muscle cannot exhibit Question options: A) fatigue. B) tetany. C) treppe. D) tonus. E) recruitment.
tetany.
You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in Question options: A) cardiac muscle. B) skeletal muscles. C) skin. D) bone. E) the pituitary gland.
the pituitary gland.
Edema may occur when Question options: A) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced, capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated, and the capillary endothelium permeability goes up. B) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced. C) capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated. D) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced and capillary endothelium permeability goes up. E) capillary endothelium permeability goes up.
the plasma concentration of protein is reduced, capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated, and the capillary endothelium permeability goes up.
Tetanic muscle contractions don't occur in a normal cardiac muscle because Question options: A) the refractory period ends before the muscle reaches peak tension. B) neural stimulation is lacking. C) potassium channels outnumber sodium channels. D) cardiac muscle tissue contracts on its own. E) the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes.
the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes.
n case of hemorrhage, platelets are stored as a reserve in Question options: A) the heart. B) the spleen. C) the thymus gland. D) bone marrow. E) the kidneys.
the spleen.
If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked, Question options: A) the atria will contract more forcefully. B) cardiac output will increase. C) the ventricular beat will remain unchanged. D) the ventricles will beat more slowly. E) the ventricles will beat faster.
the ventricles will beat more slowly.
People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because Question options: A) their blood cells lack A and B antigens. B) they usually have very strong immune systems. C) their blood lacks A or B agglutinins. D) their blood is plentiful in A and B agglutinins. E) they are usually Rh negative.
their blood lacks A or B agglutinins.
The bronchial arteries branch from the ________ to supply the lung airways. Question options: A) brachiocephalic trunk B) thoracic aorta C) pulmonary arteries D) pleural arteries E) pulmonary veins
thoracic aorta
The resistance to blood flow of the entire cardiovascular system is known as Question options: A) vasomotion. B) vasoconstriction. C) severe combined constriction. D) total peripheral resistance. E) systemic resistance.
total peripheral resistance.
Muscular ridges on the inner surface of the ventricles are called Question options: A) trabeculae carneae. B) intercalated discs. C) chordae tendineae. D) coronary sinuses. E) papillary muscles.
trabeculae carneae.
Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel? Question options: A) tunica media B) external elastic membrane C) internal elastic membrane D) tunica externa E) tunica intima
tunica intima
Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue? Question options: A) tunica externa B) external elastic membrane C) tunica intima D) tunica media E) internal elastic membrane
tunica media
The brachial artery branches to form the radial and ________ arteries. Question options: A) ulnar B) brachiocephalic C) subclavian D) digital E) axillary
ulnar
Distension of the superficial veins caused by weakened valves is termed Question options: A) varicose veins. B) venoconstriction. C) venous reserve. D) hemorrhoids. E) vaso vasorum.
varicose veins.
Which of the following opposes the flow of blood back to the heart? Question options: A) blood pressure B) blood pressure gradient from arteries to veins C) peripheral veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood D) muscular pumps squeeze veins and move blood toward the heart E) vascular resistance
vascular resistance
Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except Question options: A) elevated levels of epinephrine. B) irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques. C) elevated hematocrit. D) vasodilation. E) increased sympathetic stimulation.
vasodilation.
Venae cavae are the largest of what type of vessel? Question options: A) capillary B) venule C) arteriole D) vein E) artery
vein
The ________ carry blood toward the heart. Question options: A) arterioles B) veins C) capillaries D) arteries E) lacteals
veins
Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood? Question options: A) arteries B) systemic arterioles C) veins D) pulmonary arteries E) capillaries
veins
Blood pressure is lowest in the Question options: A) arteries. B) capillaries. C) veins. D) arterioles. E) venules.
veins.
The increase in effective blood volume that results from venoconstriction is the Question options: A) capacitance of veins. B) vessel mobilization. C) venous reserve. D) vessel residual. E) venous return.
venous reserve.
Which factor directly influences preload? Question options: A) contractility B) parasympathetic tone C) venous return D) heart rate E) stroke volume
venous return
The amount of blood returning to the heart is the Question options: A) afterload. B) end-diastolic volume. C) cardiac reserve. D) stroke volume. E) venous return.
venous return.
The heart spends most of the cardiac cycle in which phase? Question options: A) atrial systole B) isovolumetric contraction C) ventricular diastole D) atrial diastole E) ventricular systole
ventricular diastole
Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels? Question options: A) medium veins B) large veins C) venous valves D) arteriovenules E) venules
venules
After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the Question options: A) arteries. B) veins. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) arterioles.
venules.
