A&P Chapter 2

secondary

The alpha-helix is an example of the __________ level of protein structure.

catabolic

reactions that break down molecules are known as

triglyceride

lipids created by the dehydration synthesis of glycerol and 3 fatty acid molecules created

amino acids

monomers of protein

acidic solution

more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions

basic (alkaline) solution

more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions

neutral; basic

pH is lower than 7; pH is greater than 7

enzymes

promote chemical reactions by lowering the required activation energy; compromised of protein

lower

Enzymes __________ the activation energy required for a reaction to proceed to completion.

quaternary

Interaction between individual polypeptide chains to form a protein complex is ________ structure.

two amino acids

A peptide bond links __________.

base; acid

A(n) ________ removes hydrogen ions and a(n) ________ releases hydrogen ions.

nucleotide

An amino acid is to a protein as a ________ is to a nucleic acid.

anabolic

Collectively, reactions that build new molecules are known as

deoxyribose

DNA contains a five-carbon sugar called

are inert gases

Elements that have atoms with full outer shells of electrons

8

How many electrons can the second energy level hold when it is completely filled?

decomposition

Hydrolysis is an example of which type of reaction?

reactants

In a chemical equation, what are the chemicals on the left side of the arrow called?

cation; anion

In an ionic bond, the electron donor is the ________, whereas the electron acceptor is the ________.

water, causing decomposition.

In hydrolysis reactions, compounds react with

phosphorylation

In the process of ________ a phosphate group is transferred to a molecule.

glycerol

Many lipids are composed of fatty acids and

energy

The hydrolysis of ATP yields ADP, phosphate ion, and

2

The innermost electron shell in an atom holds up to ________ electrons.

removed; dehydration synthesis

To bond two monomers together, a molecule of water must be ________ to/from monomers. This process is called ________.

dehydration synthesis

Two smaller molecules join together after a water molecule is removed from between them

covalent bonds

When atoms complete their outer electron shell by sharing electrons, they form

hydrogen

Which element commonly has only a proton as its nucleus?

synthesis reactions

Which of the following are especially important for growth and repair processes?

atoms

Which of the following is not produced through chemical bonding?

valence electrons

Which parts of atoms can interact (react) to form chemical bonds?

RNA

You are looking at a single-stranded polymer that contains a pentose, a phosphate group, and the nitrogenous base uracil. What kind of molecule are you looking at?

hydrogen bond

attracts water molecules to each other

outer most electron shell

chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the

ionic bond

chemical bond created by the electrical attraction between anions and cations

thymine

complementary base for A in a strand of DNA

peptide bonds

covalently join amino acids to synthesize protein

HCl+NaOH→NaCl+H2O

exchange reaction

covalent bond

formed when electrons are shared between atoms