A&P chapter 3 part 1

Which of the following cell organelles produces secretory vesicles?

golgi apparatus

Ribosomes are found __________.

in the cytosol and on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Correctly match the term and definition: The protein component of the plasma membrane that is firmly inserted into the lipid bilayer.

integral protein

Which of the following binds to a specific receptor and initiates a response in a cell?

ligand

Match the component of the cytoskeleton with its characteristics: These thinnest members of the cytoskeleton are composed of strands of actin protein.

microfilaments

Match the component of the cytoskeleton with its characteristics: Composed of spherical protein subunits that can be quickly assembled and disassembled by the cell.

microtubules

Simple diffusion is best described as substances __________.

moving passively down a concentration gradient

By which method does the following move into the cell: Water movement across the membrane

osmosis

Proteins in the cell membrane that bind hormones and relay messages into the interior of the cell __________.

perform a function known as signal transduction

Oxygen leaving your lungs as you read this is headed towards mitochondria where it will oxidize food fuels to form ATP. Some of that oxygen is also headed to another organelle that uses oxygen to detoxify harmful substances. That organelle is the __________.

peroxisome

Correctly match the term and definition: Endocytosis of a tiny quantity of extracellular fluid containing solute molecules.

pinocytosis

The outer boundary of a human cell is the __________.

plasma membrane

Cells of the body mainly use __________ for the selective endocytosis of most macromolecules.

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Which of the following cell organelles serves as the site of protein synthesis?

ribosome

By which method does the following move into the cell: movement of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other small uncharged molecules across the membrane?

simple diffusion

Correctly match the term and definition: Microvilli.

Tiny fingerlike projections of the plasma membrane; increase surface area for absorption

Correctly match the term and definition: A plasma-membrane lipid that stiffens the plasma membrane.

cholesterol

In chemical signaling, which of the following is considered to be a second messenger?

cyclic AMP

Of all the homeostatic mechanisms in the body, control of extracellular fluid is one of the most sensitive. Which of the following is not considered an extracellular fluid?

cytoplasm

Correctly match the term and definition: The tendency of solutes to move along their concentration gradient from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

diffusion

Correctly match the term and definition: Vesicular transport that moves substances into cells.

endocytosis

Pinocytosis is a type of__________.

endocytosis

Correctly match the term and definition: The fusion of a vesicle with the plasma membrane to move substances out of the cell.

exocytosis

Which of the following is not considered to be a main part of a generalized, human cell?

extracellular matrix

Which of the following statements best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

A lipid bilayer with protein molecules dispersed within it

Match the term with its definition: Integral protein.

A protein that is firmly inserted into the lipid bilayer

Match the term with its definition: Hypotonic solution.

A solution containing fewer solutes than the cell

Match the cell structure with the product that it produces: Mitochondrion.

ATP

Match the cell membrane structure to its description: Gap junctions.

Adjacent cells held together by connexon proteins that form cylinders allowing ion flow between the cells' cytoplasm

Match the cell membrane structure to its description: Tight junction.

Adjacent cells joined by a line of membrane proteins that form an impermeable junction

Match the cell structure to its function: Lysosomes.

Contain digestive enzymes

Match the organelle with its characteristics: Mitochondrion.

Cristae; matrix

Match the structure with its function: Microtubules of the cytoskeleton.

Determine the overall shape of the cell as well as distribution of cellular organelles

Match the type of membrane transport with the appropriate characteristic: Secondary active transport.

Driven indirectly by energy stored in concentration gradients of ions

Disorders of cilia, or ciliopathies, are increasingly understood to play a role in many different disorders. Given our primary understanding of the role of cilia, which disorder seems most likely when cilia are defective?

Increased respiratory infections

An important factor in the function of the immune system is the ability to line all external surfaces of the body (digestive, skin, respiratory, and reproductive) with secure cell junctions. This prevents pathogens from entering the body. Given this, which of the following is true?

Epithelia are the only cells that are likely to use all three cell junction types (tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions).

The sodium-potassium pump helps to maintain the concentration gradients for sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. Select the true statement regarding the sodium-potassium pump.

For each molecule of ATP used, the pump moves three positively charged sodium ions out of the cell.

Cells may be said to be "sugar-coated" due to the presence of __________.

Glycocalyx

Definite changes in the __________ of the cell membrane can be seen in a cell that is becoming cancerous.

Glycocalyx

Diseases may arise when proteins fail to fold correctly in their last stages of processing and/or are directed towards the lysosome rather than towards the cell membrane. Cystic fibrosis is an example of this type of disease. In cystic fibrosis, a functional ion channel is sent to the lysosome for destruction rather than being sent to the plasma membrane. Given this observation, the cellular component that is most likely the cause of the disease is the ________.

Golgi apparatus

Match the element of the cytoskeleton with its characteristics: These cytoskeleton components are tough, insoluble protein fibers that possess a high tensile strength.

Intermediate filaments

Lysosomes perform which of the following cellular functions?

Intracellular digestion

Correctly match the term and definition: Flagella.

Long, cellular projections that are tail-like and aid in propulsion

Match the cell membrane structure to its description: Desmosomes.

Mechanical couplings scattered like rivets along the sides of adjacent cells to prevent their separation

Cristae are found in which of the following cell organelles?

Mitochondria

Correctly match the term and definition: Cilia.

Motile cellular extensions found in large numbers in some epithelial cells

Match the type of membrane transport with the appropriate characteristic: Primary active transport.

Movement of a substance that utilizes a carrier; energy comes directly from hydrolysis of ATP

Cyanide poisoning prevents the production of ATP. If ATP were not available to drive the sodium-potassium pump, which of the following is most likely?

Na+ will leak back into the cell and bring water with it causing cells to burst.

Select the true statement regarding osmosis.

Osmosis across a membrane requires that the membrane be fairly impermeable to solute particles.

Which of the following cell organelles possesses oxidase enzymes that function in neutralizing harmful free radicals?

Peroxisome

By which method does the following move into the cell: Movement of large particles, bacteria, or cellular debris by endocytotic vesicle

Phagocytosis

Match the organelle with its characteristic: Golgi apparatus.

Possesses a cis and trans side; composed of cisternae

Which type of membrane transport process uses ATP as a source of energy?

Primary active transport

Match the cell structure to its function: Golgi apparatus.

Protein packaging and modification

Match the cell structure to its function: Ribosome.

Protein synthesis

Match the term with its definition: Hydrostatic pressure.

The force of a liquid pushing against something

Match the term with its definition: Osmotic pressure.

The force that solutes have to attract water

Select the statement that is false regarding the resting membrane potential.

The minus sign of the resting membrane potential indicates that the outside of the cell is negative compared to its inside.

Which of the following is true with regard to membrane potential?

Transient opening of gated Na+ and K+ channels in the plasma membrane is a normal means of activating neurons and muscle cells.

Crenation takes place when a cell is placed in __________.

a hypertonic solution

A cell will swell, and likely burst, if it is placed in __________ solution.

a hypotonic

exocytosis

active membrane transport process

By which method does the following move into the cell: molecules moving against the concentration gradient?

active transport mechanisms

The basic structural and functional unit of living organisms is the __________.

cell

The electrochemical gradient recognizes the effect of both electrical and concentration (chemical) forces. The electrochemical gradient applies to which of the following substances?

sodium ions

The resting membrane potential is mainly determined by __________.

the concentration gradient of K+ and the differential permeability of the plasma membrane to K+ and other ions

The underlying cause of Tay-Sachs disease is __________.

the lysosomes lack an enzyme needed to break down a specific glycolipid in nerve cell membranes

Match the term with its definition: Hydrophilic.

water-loving