A&P Chapter 6

The epidermis of thin skin ranges in thickness from ______ millimeters to ______ millimeters thick

0.075; 0.150

The epidermis of thick skin ranges between ______ millimeters thick.

0.4 and 0.6

Migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes about ____________ weeks. The dead, keratinized cells usually remain in the exposed stratum corneum layer for an additional _______________ weeks. Overall, keratinocytes are present for about _________________ month following their formation.

2; 2; 1

______ layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum.

3-5

Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ______ week(s).

4

In the development of embryonic skin, the __________ layer gives rise to the epidermis , and the _________ gives rise to the dermis

Basal; Mesenchyme

Hemangiomas are ______ tumors.

Benign

Each nail plate consists of a pinkish nail ______ and a distal whitish free ______.

Body; edge

Keratinocytes in the epidermis produce ______ when exposed to UV radiation.

Cholecalciferol

The stratum ______ consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells.

Corneum

There are four layers of cells in the epidermis of thin skin. From superficial to deep, these layers are stratum ______, stratum ______, stratum ______, and stratum basale.

Corneum Granulosum Spinosum

The main function of melanin pigment is to protect the ______________ of keratinocytes from UV radiation

DNA

The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of _______ keratinocytes.

Dead

When a person is severely burned, a primary danger is ______________ because the individual has lost the protective skin barrier and water can escape from body tissues.

Dehydration

Motile cells in the dermis are called ______ cells.

Denditric

The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ______, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation.

Eleidin

The nails, hair, and exocrine glands of the skin are known as ______.

Epidermal appendages

The most superficial layer of the integument is the ______.

Epidermis

The two distinct layers of the integument consist of a layer of stratified squamous epithelium called the ___________ and a deeper layer of areolar and dense irregular connective tissue called the ______________

Epidermis ; dermis

First-degree burns involve only the ______ and are characterized by ______, pain, and slight edema (swelling).

Epidermis; Redness

Sebaceous glands and sweat glands are types of ______ glands of skin.

Exocrine

True or false: The palms of the hands have more hair than the soles of the feet.

False

Friction ridges on the tips of fingers are known as ______.

Fingerprints

In the layer of the epidermis called the stratum _______________, the process of keratinization begins.

Granulsom

In the layer of the epidermis called the stratum _________________ , the process of keratinization begins.

Granulsom

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia.

Hypodermis

The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein ______.

Keratin

Within the stratum, granulosum begins a process called ______.

Keratinization

The most numerous cells of the epidermis are ___________ and the protein they produce is called ___________

Keratinocytes ; keratin

The first three strata of the epidermis consists of ______ keratinocytes and the most superficial strata contain ______ keratinocytes.

Living; dead

In thick skin, there is an extra layer of epidermal cells. This layer is called the stratum ______.

Lucidom

In thick skin, there is an extra layer of epidermal cells. This layer is called the stratum ____________

Lucidum

Scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment-producing cells called ______.

Melanocytes

The most numerous and widely distributed sweat glands in the body are ______.

Merocrine

Thermoregulation is a major function of ______ sweat glands.

Merocrine

To reduce the likelihood of skin cancer, people should use sunscreen regularly and avoid ______.

Prolonged sun exposure

Fibrous tissue is also known as ______ tissue.

Scar

When compressed, tactile cells release chemicals that stimulate ______ endings in the dermis

Sensory nerve

After a stem cell divides in the stratum basale, the resulting daughter cell enters the stratum ______ and it begins to lose its ability to divide

Spinosum

Epidermal dendritic cells are found in which of the following strata?

Spinosum Granulosum

Skin is classified as either thick or thin based on two parameters: the number of epidermal _____________ in the epidermis and the relative ____________ of the epidermis, rather than the thickness of the entire integument.

Strata Thickness

Classify the tissue type of the epidermis: keratinized ______ epithelium.

Stratified squamous

The layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the ______.

Stratum basale

The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the __________

Stratum corneum

On many parts of the body, the components of the dermis include blood vessels, _______ glands, ___________ glands, hair follicles, nail roots, sensory nerve endings, and smooth muscle tissue.

Sweat; Sebaceous

Scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These sensory cells are called ______.

Tactile cells

The major function of merocrine sweat glands is ______.

Thermoregulation

The stratum lucidum is found only in ______.

Thick skin

There are three main variations in the epidermis. These variations are ___________ , colorations, and skin markings.

Thickness

______ covers most of the body except for the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

Thin

______ skin contains the following accessories: nails, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

Thin

The release of water vapor from sweat glands when we are not sweating is a process called ____________

Transpiration

True or false : The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm.

True

True or false: The epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals.

True

In addition to keratinocytes, the stratum spinosum also contains another epidermal cell type called epidermal ______ cells that help to fight infection.

dendritic

The connective tissue fibers of the ______ layer of the dermis are extensively interwoven with those of the ______ layer to stabilize the position of the skin and bind it to the underlying tissues.

reticular; subcutaneous

Apocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands

simple, coiled, and tubular