A&P Exam 3 Quiz 6 Neurophysiology

Which of following definitions best describes a neuronal pool? Select one: a. A cluster of neuron soma located in the CNS b. A collection of neurons that all have related functions c. A group of neurons that integrate incoming information and send it to new targets

A group of neurons that integrate incoming information and send it to new targets

Where are voltage-gated ion channels concentrated along myelinated axons? Select one: a. Under the myelin sheaths b. On the dendrites c. At the nodes of Ranvier d. At the axon terminals

At the nodes of Ranvier

Which of the following functions is not a component of the nervous system? Select one: a. Receive sensory inputs b. Transmit motor output c. Contract and generate tension d. Integrate multiple signals to make a decision

Contract and generate tension

Which of the following membrane bound proteins can indirectly change the post-synaptic neurons? membrane potential when it binds a neurotransmitter, cut can also alter the post-synaptic neurons cellular physiology? Select one: a. ion leak channels b. voltage-gated ion channels c. G-protein coupled receptors d. ligand-gated ion channels

G-protein coupled receptors

What happens to a depolarizing event that occurs on a bare plasma membrane? Select one: a. It rapidly results in the depolarization of the entire plasma membrane b. It results in a wave of depolarization that rapidly propagates across the plasma membrane c. It decays rapidly as ions leak across the membrane d. It results in an action potential only if the depolarizing event reaches threshold

It decays rapidly as ions leak across the membrane

If there are insufficient calcium ions available in the local environment of a synapse, how would this change signal transmission? Select one: a. It would enhance transmission because neurotransmitter release would be more easily activated from the presynaptic neuron b. It would inhibit transmission, because neurotransmitter would not be released from the presynaptic neuron c. It would inhibit transmission because there would be insufficient calcium available to enter the post-synaptic neuron for threshold to be reached. d. It would enhance transmission because the electrochemical gradient driving sodium into the post-synaptic neuron would be increased, allowing the cell to reach threshold more rapidly

It would inhibit transmission, because neurotransmitter would not be released from the presynaptic neuron

If a post-synaptic neuron receives both an IPSP and an EPSP of equivalent magnitudes simultaneously, how will this neuron respond? Select one: a. Its membrane potential will undergo an action potential b. Its membrane potential will depolarize c. Its membrane potential will hyperpolarize d. Its membrane potential will not change

Its membrane potential will not change

What type of neuroglia form the myelin sheath in the CNS? Select one: a. Oligodendrocytes b. Astrocytes c. Schwann cells d. Microglia

Oligodendrocytes

What cell type helps to physically stabilize the unmyelinated axons of the peripheral nervous system? Select one: a. ependymal cells b. astrocytes c. oligodendrocytes d. Schwann cells e. microglia f. satellite cells

Schwann cells

Which of the following cells forms the myelin sheaths around the axons of nerve fibers found in the peripheral nervous system? Select one: a. astrocytes b. microglia c. satellite cells d. Schwann cells e. oligodendrocytes f. ependymal cells

Schwann cells

Relative to most other cells in the body, which of the following statements is not true about neurons? Select one: a. They are elastic b. They have high metabolic rates c. They live a long time d. They are mostly amitotic (don?t divide)

They are elastic

Why don't depolarizing signals decay on unmyelinated axons? Select one: a. They contain no voltage-gated ion channels, so the signal does not decay b. They contain sodium/potassium pumps that prevent signal decay c. They contain voltage-gated ion channels that open, resulting in action potentials, that then propagate as waves along the length of the axon d. They contain ion leak channels, through which ions flow, that prevent signal decay

They contain voltage-gated ion channels that open, resulting in action potentials, that then propagate as waves along the length of the axon

What is the function of myelin sheaths around axons?

accelerate electrical transmission

Which of the following nerve fibers transmit signals toward the CNS? Select one: a. efferent nerve fibers b. afferent nerve fibers c. ifferent nerve fibers d. ufferent nerve fibers e. offerent nerve fibers

afferent nerve fibers

When cellular products are carried in the cytoplasm, through the axon, towards the axon terminal, this is an example of ______________. Select one: a. action potential propagation b. synaptic transmission c. retrograde transport d. anterograde transport

anterograde transport

Which of the following cells stabilizes the chemical environment of the neurons in the brain? Select one: a. satellite cells b. oligodendrocytes c. astrocytes d. ependymal cells e. microglia f. Schwann cells

astrocytes

Where are action potentials regenerated as they propagate along myelinated axons? Select one: a. At nodes of Ranvier b. At the axon hillock c. Under the myelin sheaths d. At the axon terminals

at nodes of ranvier

What direction does an action potential move along an axon? Select one: a. Away from the soma b. Toward the soma c. Action potentials do not propagate along axons d. Both directions

away from the soma

What region of the neuron is the site where action potentials are propagated from the cell body towards target cells and tissues? Select one: a. axon b. axon terminal c. soma d. dendrites e. axon hillock

axon

Where in a neuron is the action potential initially generated?

axon hillock

Where on a neuron is neurotransmitter released, resulting in the stimulation of a target cell? Select one: a. axon hillock b. axon terminal c. axon d. soma e. dendrite

axon terminal

Which of the following classes of neuron structure has two processes? Select one: a. unipolar neurons b. arctic polar neurons c. multipolar neurons d. bipolar neurons

bipolar neurons

Which of the following classes of neuron structure is most likely to be found in sensory organs? Select one: a. multipolar neurons b. unipolar neurons c. arctic polar neurons d. bipolar neurons

bipolar neurons

What component of the nervous system is primarily responsible for integration? Select one: a. brain and sensory organs b. effector muscles c. spinal cord d. sensory organs e. brain and spinal cord f. brain and effector muscles g. brain h. spinal cord and sensory organs

brain

What organs are included in the central nervous system? Select one: a. brain and cranial nerves b. brain and spinal cord c. spinal cord and spinal nerves d. spinal cord and cranial nerves e. brain and spinal nerves

brain and spinal cord

What type of neural process makes use of parallel processing? Select one: a. complex mental functions b. transmission of signals from the CNS to muscle fibers c. spinal reflexes d. transmission of signals from the periphery into the CNS e. all of the above

complex mental functions

What type of neural circuit only results in a response when multiple stimuli are needed to generate a response? Select one: a. diverging circuits b. reverberating circuits c. parallel after discharge circuits d. converging circuits

converging circuits

What region of a neuron receives input from other neurons, or else is impacted by sensory receptors? Select one: a. axon b. axon hillock c. soma d. axon terminal e. dendrite

dentrite

How does an EPSP alter a post-synaptic neurons membrane potential? Select one: a. depolarization b. does not alter membrane potential c. hyperpolarization d. can?t tell

depolarization

Which of the following neural circuit results in the amplification of response to a stimulus? Select one: a. diverging circuits b. converging circuits c. reverberating circuits d. parallel after discharge circuits

diverging circuits

Which of the following nerve fibers transmit signals away from the CNS? Select one: a. efferent nerve fibers b. offerent nerve fibers c. ifferent nerve fibers d. ufferent nerve fibers e. afferent nerve fibers

efferent nerve fibers

Which of the following cells line the ventricles of the central nervous system, and creates the flow CSF through these ventricles? Select one: a. ependymal cells b. oligodendrocytes c. Schwann cells d. microglia e. satellite cells f. astrocytes

ependymal cells

What type of membrane potential change occurs when a ligand-gated ion channel is activated? Select one: a. action potential b. depolarizing potential only c. hyperpolarizing potential only d. graded-potential (either hyper- or de-polarizing)

graded-potential (either hyper- or de-polarizing)

How does an IPSP alter a post-synaptic neurons membrane potential? Select one: a. does not alter membrane potential b. hyperpolarization c. depolarization d. can?t tell

hyperpolarization

Which of the following functions does not occur in the peripheral nervous system. Select one: a. integration of environmental stimuli b. transmission of signals to cardiocytes (heart muscle cells) c. reception of changes in the internal environment d. reception of changes in the external environment e. transmission of signals to smooth muscle myocytes f. transmission of signals to skeletal muscle fibers g. transmission of signals to glandular tissue

integration of environmental stimuli

What type of neuron receives information from other neurons, and transmits it to other types of neuron? Select one: a. efferent neurons b. afferent neurons c. motor neurons d. sensory neurons e. interneurons

interneurons

Which of the following events are the primary factors that lead to the slow propagation of action potentials across the surface of unmyelinated axons (relative to myelinated axons)? Select one: a. unmyelinated fibers contain fewer voltage-gated ion channels, so action potentials travel faster b. ion diffusion across the membrane and the opening and closing of voltage-gated ion channels c. the rate of action by the sodium/potassium pump (ATPases)is slower on unmyelinated fibers d. unmyelinated fibers are only found in the PNS, slowing the rate of signal transmission

ion diffusion across the membrane and the opening and closing of voltage-gated ion channels

How does myelin impact signal decay on plasma membranes? Select one: a. It does not affect signal decay b. It slows signal decay c. It speeds up signal decay d. It prevents all decay e. It results in the generation of action potentials

it slows signal decay

Which of the following axons would have the fastest conduction speed? Select one: a. large, unmyelinated fibers b. small, unmyelinated fibers c. small, myleinated fibers d. large, myelinated fibers

large, myelinated fibers

What causes the decay of membrane depolarization following stimulation of a bare plasma membrane? Select one: a. activation of ligand-gated ion channels b. the sodium-potasium pump c. leakage of ions across the membrane d. the opening of a voltage-gated sodium channels

leakage of ions across the membrane

Which of the following membrane bound proteins directly changes the post-synaptic neurons? membrane potential when it binds a neurotransmitter? Select one: a. ion leak channels b. ligand-gated ion channels c. G-protein coupled receptors d. voltage-gated ion channels

ligand-gated ion channels

What structure links pre- and post-synaptic neurons linked through electrical synapses? Select one: a. biosynthetic metal wires b. magnetic coupling proteins c. sympathetic elcro-activated ion channels d. membrane bound protein channels

membrane bound protein channels

Which of the following cells create the cellular component of the immune system within the central nervous system? Select one: a. oligodendrocytes b. astrocytes c. satellite cells d. microglia e. Schwann cells f. ependymal cells

microglia

Which of the following information is transmitted away from the CNS? Select one: a. motor commands b. sensory information c. integrative signals

motor commands

What type of neuron transmits signals to muscle fibers? Select one: a. interneurons b. interneurons c. motor neurons d. afferent neurons e. sensory neurons

motor neurons

Which of the following description best matches spatial summation during synaptic integration? Select one: a. multiple action potentials being generated by the post-synaptic neuron in response to a single presynaptic action potential b. multiple successive signals being received one on top of the other c. multiple releases of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron in response to a single presynaptic action potential d. multiple signals being received from different pre-synaptic neurons

multiple signals being received from different pre-synaptic neurons

Which of the following description best matches temporal summation during synaptic integration? Select one: a. multiple releases of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron in response to a single presynaptic action potential b. multiple successive signals being received one on top of the other c. multiple action potentials being generated by the post-synaptic neuron in response to a single presynaptic action potential d. multiple signals being received from different pre-synaptic neurons

multiple successive signals being received one on top of the other

Which of the following classes of neuron structure has three or more processes? Select one: a. unipolar neurons b. multipolar neurons c. arctic polar neurons d. bipolar neurons

multipolar neurons

Which of the following classes of neuron structure is most likely to be found in the central nervous system? Select one: a. multipolar neurons b. bipolar neurons c. unipolar neurons d. arctic polar neurons

multipolar neurons

What category of signaling molecule transmits signals from a presynaptic to postsynaptic neuron connected through a chemical synapse?

neurotransmitters

Are all axons myelinated?

no

What is the name for the gaps between myelin sheaths?

nodes of Ranvier

Which of the following cells forms the myelin sheaths around the axons of nerve fibers found in the central nervous system? Select one: a. ependymal cells b. astrocytes c. oligodendrocytes d. Schwann cells e. satellite cells f. microglia

oligodendrocytes

What is the primary composition of myelin sheaths?

plasma membrane

Based on the relevant ions we have discussed in class, movement of which ion is associated with an EPSP?

potassium out of the cell

Which of the following mechanisms does not help terminate synaptic signal transmission? Select one: a. diffusion of neurotransmitter out of the synapse b. enzymatic degradation of the neurotransmitter c. retrograde transmission of the neurotransmitter back to the soma of the presynaptic neuron d. re-uptake of the neurotransmitter into the presynaptic neuron

retrograde transmission of the neurotransmitter back to the soma of the presynaptic neuron

When metabolic waste products and recycled signaling products are carried in the cytoplasm, through the axon, towards the soma of the neuron, this is an example of ______________. Select one: a. retrograde transport b. anterograde transport c. action potential propagation d. synaptic transmission

retrograde transport

Which of the following neural circuits results in a rhythmic activation of response? Select one: a. reverberating circuits b. diverging circuits c. converging circuits d. parallel after discharge circuits

reverberating circuits

What is the term that describers the type of neurotransmission that occurs along myelinated axons?

saltatory conduction

Which of the following cells stabilizes the chemical environment of the neurons in the ganglia of the peripheral nervous system? Select one: a. satellite cells b. ependymal cells c. oligodendrocytes d. astrocytes e. microglia f. Schwann cells

satellite cells

When neural processing passes through a linear progression of neurons, this is called ____________. Select one: a. linear processing b. serial processing c. parallel processing d. vertical processing

serial processing

Which of the following axons would have the slowest conduction speed? Select one: a. small, myleinated fibers b. large, unmyelinated fibers c. small, unmyelinated fibers d. large, myelinated fibers

small, unmyelinated fibers

Based on the relevant ions we have discussed in class, movement of which ion is associated with an EPSP? Select one: a. potassium into the cell b. sodium into the cell c. sodium out of the cell d. potassium out of the cell

sodium into the cell

What region of a neuron is the primary site of protein synthesis? Select one: a. soma b. axon c. axon terminal? d. axon hillock e. dendrites

soma

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals from environmental receptors? Select one: a. Sensory division b. Parasympathetic division c. Central nervous system d. Somatic nervous system e. Sympathetic division

somatic nervous system

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals to skeletal muscle fibers?

somatic nervous system

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals to smooth muscle fibers?

somatic nervous system

What is the correct term that labels the coupling point between a neuron and its target cell (such as another neuron or a muscle cell)?

synapse

Which of the following classes of neuron structure has one process? Select one: a. unipolar neurons b. multipolar neurons c. bipolar neurons d. arctic polar neurons

unipolar neurons

Which of the following classes of neuron structure is most likely to be found in the peripheral nervous system? Select one: a. bipolar neurons b. arctic polar neurons c. multipolar neurons d. unipolar neurons

unipolar neurons

Which of the following statements best explains why unmyelinated fibers propagate action potentials more slowly than myelinated fibers? Select one: a. Unmyelinated fibers have higher thresholds than myelinated fibers b. Unmeleinated fibers are only found in locations where IPSPs occur, slowing the rate of signal transmission. c. Unmyelinated fibers need to continuously regenerate action potentials. d. Unmyelinated fibers do not contain voltage-gated ion channels

unmyelinated fibers need to continuously regenerate action potentials.

Are axons in the peripheral nervous system associated with neuroglia?

yes