A&P exam 3 study

What part of the heart wall is composed of thin endothelium that lines the heart chambers?

Endocardium

Peyer's patches and the tonsils are part of the collection of small lymphoid tissues that protect the upper respiratory and digestive tracts from infection and are referred to as ________.

MALT or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

How do phagocytic cells protect the body from invading pathogens?

They remove and destroy pathogens that breach the membrane barrier.

Artificially acquired passive immunity is conferred when one receives immune serum for poisonous snakebites. T/F

True

B lymphocytes (B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells) must both become self-tolerant of the body's own cells. T/F

True

Which blood type contains the A antigen only?

Blood type A

What structure divides the left ventricle from the right ventricle?

interventricular septum

Vascular spasms, a part of process of hemostasis, limit blood loss during blood vessel injury. T/F

True

Which of the following provides active immunity that is artificially acquired?

Vaccines

The innate (nonspecific) defense system and adaptive (specific) defense system make up the immune system. T/F

true

What blood type has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma?

type O

The vessel that carries oxygen-rich and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus is the ________.

umbilical vein

Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood.

valves

Which of these occurs first in hemostasis?

vascular spasm

The lymph nodes filter bacteria, viruses, and tumor cells from blood on its way back to the heart. T/F

false

The most important function of the thymus gland is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some of the products to the liver. T/F

false

Which of these is found on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC)?

fragments of foreign pathogens ingested by the cell

The percentage of erythrocytes in blood is known as the ________.

hematocrit

The process by which bleeding is stopped is called ________.

hemostasis

Which blood cells are responsible for fighting infections?

leukocytes

The friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels is called ________.

peripheral resistance

Blood type A can receive a transfusion from blood types A and AB during a transfusion. T/F

False

The hematocrit is a measure of how much hemoglobin is housed within RBCs. T/F

False

What does fever accomplish?

Fever inhibits bacterial reproduction and speeds the repair process.

Which group of white blood cells includes the neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils?

Granulocytes

What component of a red blood cell binds and transports oxygen?

Hemoglobin

The immune serum used to prevent maternal sensitization to Rh antigens is ________.

RhoGAM

From what part of the body does the right lymphatic duct collect lymph?

Right arm

Rh-related problems occur in pregnant Rh- women carrying an Rh+ baby. T/F

True

What are the substances that activate the immune system called?

Antigens

Pathogens that make it through the mechanical barriers of the body are encountered by phagocytes such as cytokines and interferons. T/F

False

Which system causes heart muscle to depolarize, atria first and then the ventricles?

Intrinsic conduction system (nodal system)

The atrioventricular (AV) node is indicated by ________.

Label B

The atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) is represented by ________.

Label C

The Purkinje fibers are indicated by ________.

Label E

Which antibody-antigen interaction results when a foreign blood type is transfused and clumped?

agglutination

What is the largest artery in the body?

aorta

Where does the sinoatrial node send an impulse after it initiates the electrical signal?

atrioventricular (AV) node

Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because ________.

blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure at the arterial end of the capillary

What is the final step of hemostasis in which the formation of a blood clot is accomplished?

coagulation

Which of the following will reduce blood pressure?

decreasing peripheral resistance

What is the function of natural killer (NK) cells?

destroy any cancer- or virally infected cell

HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, targets and destroys __________.

helper T cells

What type of T cell releases cytokines to indirectly rid the body of antigens?

helper T cells

Which cells stimulate the antibody-secreting cells and cytotoxic T cells?

helper T cells

The condition in which maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the baby's RBCs is called ________.

hemolytic disease of the newborn

What chamber of the heart will blood enter after passing through the bicuspid valve?

left ventricle

What structures are major components of the lymphatic system?

lymphatic vessels and lymphoid tissues/organs

Platelets are fragments of a multinucleate cell known as a(n) ________.

megakaryocyte

Due to the presence of plasma proteins, what pressure draws fluids into capillaries?

osmotic pressure

If you carry the Rh antigen, you are referred to as Rh ________.

postive

The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as ________ circulation.

pulmonary

Where does hematopoiesis occur to produce new red blood cells?

red bone marrow

The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in the ________.

right atrium

What is the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heart beat?

stroke volume (SV)

Which of the following best describes positive chemotaxis?

the movement of cells toward a high concentration of signaling molecules

Which of the following lymphoid organs functions at peak level during youth?

thymus

Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

tricuspid valve

Cross matching prevents transfusion reactions by testing for agglutination between donor and recipient blood prior to the transfusion. T/F

True

The "universal donor" is blood type ________.

Type O

Which blood type lacks antigens for the ABO blood group yet carries anti-A and anti-B antibodies?

Type O

Which cell is the precursor of all types of blood formed elements?

hemocytoblast

What term refers to the contraction of the heart?

systole

Which inflammatory process is triggered by histamine?

dilation of blood vessels

Which type of leukocyte kills parasitic worms by deluging them with digestive enzymes?

eosinophil

The transportation of oxygen in the blood is the responsibility of ________.

erythrocytes

What hormone controls the rate of erythrocyte production?

erythropoietin

Humoral immunity is provided by ________.

antibodies

Which phase of the cardiac cycle immediately follows the isovolumetric relaxation phase?

Atrial diastole

What two cell types provide humoral and cell-mediated immunity against specific foreign antigens?

B and T lymphocytes

Which of the following is not one of the four most common indicators of the inflammatory response?

Chills

What are the tiny white cords that anchor the cusps of the heart valves to the walls of the ventricles?

Chordae tendineae

Declan was bitten by a number of ants. He has taken an antihistamine to reduce the redness and swelling associated with the ant bites. What will his antihistamine prevent?

Inflammatory response

Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygen-rich blood?

Pulmonary vein

What lowers the risk of coronary artery disease?

Regular, moderate exercise

What can we infer from the following: 110/70 mm Hg?

Systolic pressure measurement over diastolic pressure measurement

While walking barefoot, Maggie got a cut on the sole of her foot. She later noticed redness, swelling, and pus draining from her wound. How would you interpret these symptoms?

These symptoms indicate the inflammatory response is in progress.

Which of the following is mismatched?

Third line of defense: natural killer cells and antimicrobial proteins

What enzyme joins soluble fibrinogen proteins into long molecules of fibrin during coagulation?

Thrombin

Which of the following is not a lymphoid organ?

Thyroid gland

When the right ventricle contracts, which specific valve closes to prevent blood from flowing into the right atrium?

Tricuspid valve

A patient with an infection is given a dose of interferon. The interferon injection was successful and helped her recover from the illness more quickly. Deduce the type of infection she had.

Viral

White blood cells differ from red blood cells because only they contain ________.

a nucleus and most organelles

The atrioventricular valves are closed when ________.

atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure

What is blood serum?

blood plasma minus the clotting proteins

What triggers the adherence of platelets to the wall of an injured blood vessel?

collagen fibers