A&P Exam 4

How long is the secondary oocyte viable and capable of being fertilized after it is ovulated?

12-24 hours

Assuming a 28-day ovarian cycle, on what day should ovulation occur?

14

A parent cell has 28 chromosomes and completes meiosis. How many chromosomes result in each cell produced?

14 chromosomes

How many spermatids result from one spermatogonium?

4

The diploid number of chromosomes in a human is 46. Therefore, the number of chromosomes in a primary spermatocyte or primary oocyte is ________.

46

Place these stages of the ovarian cycle in the correct order. 1. Corpus albicans 2. Vesicular (tertiary) follicle 3. Primary follicle 4. Ruptured follicle 5. Primordial follicle 6. Secondary follicle 7. Corpus luteum

5, 3, 6, 2, 4, 7, 1

What effect do you think douching, or washing, has on the vagina?

Douching washes away beneficial bacteria and alters the pH balance of the vagina.

A male bodybuilder takes testosterone supplements to increase his muscle mass. After three weeks, which of the following do you expect to observe?

Excess testosterone inhibits production of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true EXCEPT ________.

FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium

During the luteal phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle, the corpus luteum secretes progesterone and some estrogen.

False

The high levels of estrogens during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle trigger release of more FSH and LH, and their levels peak around day 14, which causes ovulation.

False

Which of the following hormones controls the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins?

GnRH

From which follicle will a secondary oocyte be released through ovulation?

Graafian (mature) follicle

Select the correct statement about the hormonal events of the ovarian cycle.

High estrogen levels result in a surge of LH release.

Which hormone is the necessary trigger for ovulation to occur?

LH

What is the action of luteinizing hormone (LH)?

LH stimulates interstitial cells of the testes to produce testosterone.

Cervical mucus thins on this day to facilitate the passage of sperm into the uterus.

Ovulation (14)

During the ovarian cycle, a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) occurs which relates to this phase of the uterine cycle.

Proliferative Phase (6-14)

During this phase of the uterine cycle, the endometrium prepares for implantation of an embryo by continuing to grow, increasing vasculature, and secreting nutrients into the uterine cavity.

Secretory Phase (14-28)

The process of male gamete, or sperm cell, development is known as:

Spermatogenesis

Which of the following will occur immediately after ovulation?

The endometrium enters its secretory phase.

Determine the effect of inhibin on male hormone production.

The release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) will decrease.

From one original cell, four genetically unique daughter cells, each with 23 nonreplicated chromosomes, are produced at the conclusion of meiosis II of spermatogenesis.

True

The accessory sex glands that contribute fluids to semen are the bulbourethral gland, the prostate, and seminal vesicles.

True

Estrogens are responsible for:

adipose tissue deposits in the breasts, hips, and thighs.

Where does fertilization usually occur?

ampulla of the uterine tube

By what time of life are all oogonia formed in females?

before birth

Normally menstruation occurs when ________.

blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease

Which of the following is the most inferior portion of the uterus?

cervix

What component allows semen to temporarily coagulate, preventing it from leaking back out of the female reproductive tract, once ejaculated?

clotting proteins and enzymes

What process shuffles the alleles and causes homologous chromosomes to no longer be identical during meiosis?

crossing over

Sperm in the epididymis travel immediately next to the:

ductus deferens.

Which of the following ducts travels through the prostate?

ejaculatory duct

Enlargement of the prostate can constrict the:

ejaculatory duct.

The movement of sperm, testicular fluids, and secretions from the prostate and seminal vesicle into the urethra is known as:

emission.

Which of the following is under control of the parasympathetic nervous system?

erection

When menstruation has ceased for at least one year, what has occurred?

female climacteric, or menopause

The fusion of sperm and egg is known as:

fertilization.

Which of the following is the phase of the ovarian cycle during which several primary follicles mature into secondary follicles?

follicular phase

Meiosis is a special type of cell division that produces:

gametes.

Effects of estrogen include ________.

growth of the breasts at puberty

If a woman has just started her menstrual phase (bleeding), when is she most likely to ovulate?

in about 14 days

The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that ________.

in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced from the parent cell, and in spermatogenesis four mature sperms are produced from the parent cell

From its proximal end at the uterus as it approaches the ovary, the regions of the uterine tube are:

isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, fimbriae.

Which of the following female structures is homologous to the male scrotum?

labia majora

Ovulation is triggered by a positive feedback loop resulting in a surge of:

luteinizing hormone (LH).

Women who wish to become pregnant should have sexual intercourse after a surge in:

luteinizing hormone (LH).

The reduction in the number of chromosomes to half the normal count occurs during:

meiosis.

During this phase of the uterine cycle, the uterus sheds the stratum functionalis of the endometrium.

menstrual phase (1-5)

What portion of the uterus is composed of smooth muscle and contracts rhythmically during orgasm and childbirth?

myometrium

Which ligament anchors the ovary to the uterus?

ovarian ligament

In a female, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) target the:

ovaries.

Which of the following is regulated by a positive feedback mechanism in females?

ovulation

Secretion of progesterone stimulates ________.

preparation of the mammary glands for lactation

During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, ________ reaches its highest levels.

progesterone

During which phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle will stratum functionalis develop with endometrial glands and spiral arteries and veins?

proliferative (preovulatory) phase

A seventy-five-year-old male has noticed he has had difficulty urinating. His physician says his difficulty is most likely due to an enlarged gland known as the:

prostate.

At what point in life does spermatogenesis begin in a male?

puberty

Contraction of the cremaster muscle:

pulls the testes closer to the body.

Which of the following can be fertilized?

secondary oocyte

Which of the following male accessory sex glands produces a yellowish secretion containing fructose, prostaglandins, coagulating proteins and enzymes?

seminal vesicle

Where does sperm production occur within the testis?

seminiferous tubules

Which of the following is NOT a region of the male urethra?

serosa

Which of the choices below is NOT a function of the vagina?

serves as a passageway for the primary oocyte

What is the name of the stem cell that begins the process of spermatogenesis?

spermatogonium

Which portion of the uterus is shed during menstruation?

stratum functionalis of the endometrium

Which of the following is the main hormone that regulates spermatogenesis?

testosterone

Human egg and sperm are similar in that ________.

they have the same number of chromosomes

Where should a fertilized ovum implant?

uterus

Which method of contraception is most reliable?

vasectomy

From which follicle will a secondary oocyte be released through ovulation?

vesicular (tertiary) follicle