A&P Final

What is used for energy in just about everything we do?

ATP

You look at a nerve cell under a microscope and see that is has one axon and no dendrites. What type of neuron must it be?

Afferent

______ is the study of the structure or form of the body and its parts.

Anatomy

The ____ is like a radio or cell phone speaker; the ____ is like a radio or cell phone antenna.

Axon; dentrite

A leg bone's diaphysis would be found at its:

Body

What location in the bone produces red blood cells in adults?

Bone marrow

Which type of muscle tissue has interlocking fibers, allowing the transmission of the message to contract to pass through them very quickly?

Cardiac

What is the smallest structural unit in the human body that contains the basic characteristics of living things?

Cells

What part of the brain responsible for balance and coordination?

Cerebellum

Macromolecules represent which level of organization in the body?

Chemical

You stick your hand in a lukewarm liquid, and you feel a slight tingling sensation. You are told the liquid has a pH balance just on the limit of being safe to touch. Which of your receptors is likely being stimulated?

Chemoreceptors

In the movie Jurassic Park, the Tyrannosaurus Rex was infamously poor at detecting prey that stood still. If its eyes were anything like a human's, that must mean it had poor:

Cones

Fatty (adipose) tissue is which kind of tissue?

Connective

If a tree was a person, the leaves would be _____ to the branches.

Distal

Which type of glia are most similar to your skin cells?

Ependymal

Where would you find cancellous bone?

Epiphysis

When you sweat, which type of tissue is most at work?

Epithelial

Which kind of muscles would contract to allow you to stretch out your fingers (as if you were indicating the number five?)

Extension

A healthy human's heart pumps between 120 and 150 times a minute. T or F

False

Blinking your eyes is an autonomous reaction that doesn't require a signal from your brain.

False

Blood clotting is a carefully balanced reaction supported by your blood and your immune system. T or F

False

The hair on your head is thick and coarse because it functions to shield your scalp from the sun's harmful rays. T or F

False

The heart is made up mostly of nervous and connective tissue. T or F

False

The internal environment of the cell refers to the cytoplasm inside a cell's membrane. T or F

False

There are more than 100 pairs of spinal nerves that extend from the lateral aspect of the spinal cord, corresponding with each vertebra. T or F

False

Your thumb is a good example of a gliding joint. T or F

False

Which plane separates your chest from your spine?

Frontal

Freckles on someone's cheeks would likely be described as:

Grouped

Someone received a transfusion of an incompatible blood type, which ultimately led to major kidney damage. What is responsible for this outcome?

Hemolysis

A dermatologist who helps teenagers with cystic acne is working with which body system?

Integumentary

Which organ system covers the most surface area of a body?

Integumentary

Plant cells, unlike human cells, have rigid "cell walls" that contain the rest of the cell components. What are cell walls analogous to in the human body?

Membranes

Most cells in the body replicate through ___.

Mitosis

Which blood cell protects your body by "eating" foreign cells or viruses?

Neutrophils

If you drop a human cell into pure water in a petri dish, water molecules will pass into the cell membrane, causing the cell to swell or sometimes even burst if it has no active mechanism to expel the water. What process is happening here?

Osmosis

If you were a house, a contractor who hired two sub-contractors to help work on the house would be most like which type of bone cell?

Osteogenic

A homeless person has developed a skin infection that seems to be largely the result of his routine lack of hygiene rather than as a result of injury or specific exposure. What kind of infection is this?

Primary infection

Which portion of the cardiac complex represents both depolarization and repolarization?

QRS complex

Your friend Enrique was skateboarding without a helmet and suffered a head injury that has left him with altered visual perception. Where in his head was he most likely damaged?

Rear of head

Which layer of skin is most responsible for transmitting sensory signals from the skin to other organs?

Reticular layer

Your nasal passages (nostrils) lead to which type of depression?

Sinus

You've discovered a new species and are naming its muscles. Which common naming trend for human muscles is especially useful for differentiating among multiple muscles that all perform similar functions?

Size

Which bone represents an example of synarthroses?

Teeth

What is the last stage of mitosis, which results in two completely new cells?

Telophase

A local art exhibit is described as an experiment in tactile sensations. What does this suggest about the installation?

The art can be lightly touched.

If you were examining a nervous system cell and it looked star-shaped, what part of the body could it be found in?

The brain

If a human cell was a bowl of chicken noodle soup, what part would be the cytoplasm?

The broth

You're a forensic scientist who discovers a frozen body with a broken leg. The fracture is narrow, and a hard callus seems to have formed. What could you safely estimate about the length of time between the leg breaking and the time of death?

The victim died at least three weeks after breaking their leg.

You're a forensic scientist who discovers a frozen body with a broken leg. There's highly visible bruising around the fracture site. What could you safely estimate about the length of time between the leg breaking and the time of death?

The victim died within a few days of breaking their leg.

Why do lesions suggest you might be more susceptible to infections?

They indicate a lack of integrity in the skin.

An organ is a part of the body composed of two or more tissue types and is designed to perform at least one specific physiological function. T of F

True

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer. T or F

True

Blood clots that threaten the heart are often treated with thrombolytics. T or F

True

Bone markings can be divided into two classes: projections and depressions. T or F

True

Bones aren't completely rigid; they're actually strong yet spongy. T or F

True

Condyloid joints are, logically enough, created by joints at condyle bone markings. T or F

True

In order to understand human physiology, you must also have a good grasp of human anatomy. T or F

True

Interphase is the longest period of the cell cycle. T of F

True

Melanoma takes the life of one person in North America every hour. T or F

True

On most of your body, your most superficial organ is your skin. T or F

True

Smooth muscle tissues engage in both involuntary and voluntary muscle contractions, depending on their location and specific function. T or F

True

The axon and dendrite are called nerve fibers because they are extensions from the cell body of the neuron. T or F

True

The dorsal cavity is formed early in fetal development. T or F

True

There are separate thermoreceptors for hot and cold stimuli. T or F

True

True muscle strains are actually quite rare; what we colloquially refer to as muscle strains are usually cramps, spasms, knots in the muscle, and delayed soreness. T or F

True

Drinking too much alcohol across your lifetime would most affect which body system?

Urinary

You know that Eustace is taking a pill to treat a skin infection. What can you surmise about his infection?

You can't surmise anything from this information.

What would happen if you didn't have any acetylcholinesterase in your body?

Your muscles would get too many signals to contract.

Anatomy is to physiology as

a Swiss Army knife's parts are to all the things you can do with it.

What is a good example of homeostasis?

a corpse preserved at "absolute zero" temperature

You've discovered a new species and are naming its muscles. What terms would make sense for a muscle group in the front of their chest that, when contracted, pushes the ribs away from each other and the heart?

anterior abductors

Anabolic metabolism is most similar to:

building a house out of bricks.

When it comes to the central nervous system, the ____ are mostly responsible for higher brain functions like thinking, interpreting, and reacting, as opposed to autonomous processes that happen without conscious thought.

cerebrum and cerebellum

Your friend Elena beat her old weightlifting record yesterday, but today she woke up barely able to move her legs. She says she feels a lot of pain whenever she bends her legs. With this information, the most likely diagnosis would be:

delayed onset muscle soreness.

Muscles can be described as:

distributed across both the appendicular and axial areas of the body.

What represents the process by which bones increase in length and are stimulated by growth hormone?

endochondral ossification

Your heart works by:

entirely involuntary muscle contraction.

Which category of burn requires surgical removal of dead tissue?

full thickness burn

Which terms are synonymous?

haversian systems; osteons

What would a regional anatomist study?

how adrenaline from glands affects the heart

If you were missing your _____ nerves, you would have trouble eating.

hypoglossal or trigeminal

Negative feedback loops are ____; positive feedback loops are ____.

inhibitory; stimulatory

Your trapezius muscle:

is trapezoid shaped.

In a classic anatomical position, your fingers are ____ and ____ to your heart.

lateral; inferior

For which type of anemia would the medications the patient is currently taking be most relevant for the diagnosis?

megaloblastic anemia

The large "spike" in a cardiac complex is the:

moment just before the ventricles contract.

Using meditation to de-stress after a rough day would tap into your:

parasympathetic nervous system.

Which pair of words has one bone each from the axial and appendicular skeletons?

patella; sternum

You've discovered a body in an ancient ruin quite similar to ours but with slightly different muscles. What function would make the most sense for a muscle made of skeletal tissue, with an origin position supra the sternum, stretched in an oblique pattern with a second, distal origin position at the base of a rib? (Again, it's very similar to human musculature.)

provide cushion for the ribs

Due to a hair-pulling accident, Annika has a new bald spot on her head. Which layer of her skin will be most involved in the process of growing over this bald spot?

reticular layer

Suzie has a bacterial infection that she caught after she had previously cut her hand. What category of infection is this?

secondary infection

As humans enter old age, they all:

shrink in height.

Clapping your hands involves the:

somatic nervous system.

You have heard your friend Lakshmi described as having "thick skin." If she literally did, what layer of skin would be visible on her but not on someone with "thin skin?"

stratum lucium

You've discovered a new species and are naming its muscles. What terms would make sense for a muscle group under their arms that, when contracting, create a bending motion?

subflexion

Artie has severe athlete's foot on both feet. What term most accurately describes this lesion pattern?

symmetrical

What is the blood brain barrier?

the feature that helps maintain homeostasis of the brain (keeps bad chemicals out)

The basic pattern of blood flow from the body to the lungs is:

vena cava; right atrium; right ventricle; pulmonary artery.