A&P Final Exam Multiple Choice (Exam 1)

According to our book, cell division is controlled by all of these except for... A. age of cell B. availability of space C. chemical signals such as growth factors released by other cells D. ratio of cell surface area to volume

A

An ionic bond results from... A. an attraction between a particle with a full positive charge and one with a full negative charge B. an attraction between a particle with a partial positive charge and one with a partial negative charge C. the even sharing of electrons D. the uneven sharing of electrons E. transferring of an electron from one atom to the atom it will bond with

A

Sucrose, or table sugar, is an example of a(n) A. disaccharide B. monosaccharide C. oligosaccharide D. polysaccharide

A

The most common form of skin cancer is A. basal cell carcinoma B. keratinoma C. melanoma D. spiny cell carcinoma E. squamous cell carcinoma

A

What is the most immediate health threat to someone with severe burns? A. dehydration B. UV damage to underlying cells C. autoimmune reaction D. infection E. difficulty moving

A

Which of the following is a characteristic of all epithelial tissue? A. Avascular, exhibits polarity, has specialized contacts and is supported by CT B. Highly branches, excitable and amitotic C. Highly cellular, well-vascularized, excitable and contractile D. Properties are primarily determined by extracellular matrix E. Striated, voluntary, branched and avascular

A

Which one of the following is the smallest unit that shows ALL the properties of life? A. cell B. organ C. organ system D. organism E. protein F. tissue

A

Which one of the following would be a type of CT proper? A. areolar B. bone C. collagen D. eccrine E. hyaline

A

You would be most likely to find ________ epithelium in the trachea A. pseudostratified columnar B. simple columnar C. simple cuboidal D. simple squamous E. stratified squamous F. transitional

A

________ have a bitter taste, feel slippery and are proton acceptors A. bases B. electrolytes C. ions D. lipids E. molecules

A

_________ can move particles opposite of their concentration gradient. A. active gradient B. facilitated diffusion C. osmosis D. passive transport E. simple diffusion

A

Which TWO patients should be treated last? A. Anne has first degree burns over her entire anterior body except for eyelids B. Bree has a third degree burn on her right little finger and lateral part of posterior hand C. Cory has third degree burns on his anterior right lower limb and posterior gluteal region D. Drew has second degree burns on his anterior torso, anterior neck, and anterior surfaces of both upper limbs E. Elton has second degree burns on his face and anterior neck

A,E

A(n) _______ is a combination of atoms of two or more different elements. A. anion B. compound C. mixture D. molecule E. solvent

B

In which layer does the process of keratinization begin? A. the stratum basale B. the stratum granulosum C. the stratum lucidum D. the stratum mozzarella E. the stratum spinosum

B

The papilla of a hair follicle is important because A. it anchors the hair follicle B. it contains a knot of capillaries C. it is the actively dividing part of the hair bulb D. it protects the growing hair

B

The papillary layer of the dermis is primarily made of... A. adipose tissue B. areolar connective tissue (CT) C. dense irregular connective tissue D. dense regular connective tissue E. stratified squamous epithelial tissue

B

The technical term for the leg region is A. antecubital B. crural C. perineal D. peroneal E. sural

B

Which one of the followin gis a type of CT that normally has many cells that are anucleate (have no nucleus)? A. adipose B. blood C. bone D. cartilage E. dense regular (as in tendons) F. simple squamous

B

Which one of the following is NOT one of the ways we can distinguish mixtures from compounds? A. all compounds are homogenous, but some mixtures are heterogenous B. mixtures are not affected by changes in pH, but compounds are C. mixtures can be separated by physical means such as straining, filtering and evaporating whereas compounds cannot D. unlike compounds, no chemical bonding occurs between components of a mixture

B

Which one of the following is an important dermal feature for surgeons to recognize? A. carotene B. cleavage lines C. dermal papillae D. friction ridges E. striae

B

Which one of the following was described in our text as part of the buffer system in blood? A. ammonia B. carbonic acid C. catalase D. sodium chloride E. sodium sulfate

B

_______ glands produce a substance that is largely water but also contains fair amounts of fatty substances and proteins. IN addition it has some salts, antimicrobial chemicals and traces of metabolic wastes. A. dermal B. apocrine sweat C. sebaceous D. eccrine sweat E. ceruminous

B

___________ have a region that turn protein synthesis on or off in response to metabolic changes in their environment A. microRNAs B. riboswitches C. mRNAs D. rRNAs E. tRNAs

B

___________ insulate and cushion body organs, build cell membranes, provide stored energy and can be hormones. A. carbohydrates B. lipids C. nucleic acids D. proteins E. water

B

___________ solutions are sometimes given intravenously for patients who are edematous (swollen because their tissues retain water). This is drawn to draw excess water out of the tissues and into the bloodstream so that the kidneys can eliminate it. A. aqueous B. hypertonic C. hypotonic D. isotonic E. tonic

B

A person has burns on their entire upper left limb. The predicted surface area involved would be... A. 15% B. 4.5% C. 9% D. 18% E. 36%

C

A(n) _________ is an unique, pure substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means A. atom B. cation C. element D. molecule E. solvent

C

During ______ the daughter chromosomes are lined up along the cell's equator A. anaphase B. interphase C. metaphase D. prophase E. telophase

C

The _______ layer of a serous membrane is the one that is the outer one. There is a fluid-filled space between it and the visceral layer. A. temporal B. occipital C. parietal D. pericardial E. pleural

C

The most dangerous form of skin cancer is... A. basal cell carcinoma B. keratinoma C. melanoma D. spiny cell carcinoma E. squamous cell carcinoma

C

The type of muscle tissue found in blood vessels is A. cardiac muscle tissue B. skeletal muscle tissue C. smooth muscle tissue D. something that varies depending on location of the vessel

C

What is the function of the dendritic cells of the skin? A. they are a sensory cell B. they are a stem cell C. they are part of the immune system D. they produce keratin and distribute it to keratinocytes E. they produce pigments

C

Which one of the cavities is found within the mediastinum? A. optic B. pelvic C. pericardial D. ventral E. none of the above

C

Which one of the following cells is found in more strata than any other epidermal cell? A. basal cells B. dendritic cells C. keratinocytes D. melanocytes E. merkel cells

C

Which one of the following has pores? A. cisterns B. the golgi complex C. the nuclear envelope D. peroxisomes E. the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

C

Which one of the following is a modified triglyceride? A. ATP B. eicosanoids C. phosopholipids D. steroids E. trans fats

C

Which one of the following is not a function of carbohydrates? A. a stored energy source B. attached to the external surfaces of cells to guide cellular interactions C. serving as a hormone D. serving as a ready energy source

C

Which one of the following normally has three or more nuclei per cell? A. cardiac muscle tissue B. involuntary muscle tissue C. skeletal muscle tissue D. smooth muscle tissue E. stratified muscle tissue

C

_______ is defined as the movement of a solvent (usually water) across a selectively permeable membrane from areas where it (the solvent) is in higher concentration to where it is in lower concentration. A. active transport B. facilitated diffusion C. osmosis D. passive transport E. simple diffusion

C

_______ is the unstructured material that fills the space between connective tissue cells. It contains fibers and is composed of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins and proteoglycans. A. adipose B. the reticular lamina C. ground substance D. mesenchyme

C

__________ are tunnel-like junctions that allow ions to move from one cell to another without having to enter the extracellular fluid A. CAMs B. desmosomes C. gap junctions D. peripheral junctions E. tight junctions

C

A structure that is further away from the midline than the nipple would be described as: A. anterior B. coronal C. distal D. lateral E. oblique

D

A(n) ____________ plane would separate your arm into proximal and distal parts A. frontal B. oblique D. sagittal D. transverse E. none of the above

D

ATP is structurally a modified _______________ A. amino acid B. fatty acid C. monosaccharide D. nucleotide E. protein

D

After eating a cupcake your blood sugar rises. Your pancreas detects this and releases insulin which causes your cells to take glucose out of the blood, bring you blood sugar levels back in the normal range. This is an example of.... A. a positive feedback mechanism B. an anabolic reaction C. hydolysis mechanism D. negative feedback mechanism E. neutralization mechanism

D

Ions A. can never enter the cell B. can pass directly through the cell membrane using simple diffusion C. move into or out of the cell primarily with the help of vessicular transport D. need the help of integral proteins and move in either using facilitated diffusion or active transport E. use osmosis to move across the plasma membrane

D

Promoter regions are specifically involved in A. DNA repair B. DNA synthesis C. processing of mRNA D. transcription E. translation

D

The ______ is a double-membraned organelle that creates ATP for the cell A. centrosome B. golgi complex C. lysosome D. mitochondrion E. rough endoplasmic reticulum

D

The function of melanin in the skin is to A. help produce vitamin D B. help with thermoregulation C. keep the skin soft and flexible D. protect the cellular DNA from UV radiation E. ingest foreign substances and activate our immune system

D

The protein that gives skin its strength and ability to resist acid is A. collagen C. carotene C. hirsutism D. keratin E. corneum

D

The relationships between structure and function in anatomy is... A. Galen's Second Principle B. the First Principle of Anatomy C. the Principle of Correlative Effects D. the Principle of Complementarity E. the Systematic Principle of Anatomy and Physiology

D

Which one of the following acts as a middleman between extracellular first messengers and intracellular second messengers? A. ativated kinase enzymes B. catalysts C. cytoplasmic inclusions D. G proteins E. ligands

D

Which one of the following alterations in skin color usually signify a liver disorder: A. bronzing B. cyanosis C. erythema D. jaundice E. pallor

D

Which one of the following does not increase the rate of a chemical reaction A. higher concentration of reactants B. higher temperature C. lower concentration of products D. neutral to high pH E. presence of catalysts F. smaller particle size

D

Which one of the following has a structure that includes four interlocking rings? A. amino acids B. nucleotides C. polypeptides D. steroids E. triglycerides

D

Which one of the following is a common location for the body to store fat? A. blood B. dermis C. epidermis D. hypodermis E. nails

D

Which one of the following is not a type of cartilage? A. elastic B. fibrocartilage C. hyaline D. reticuar E. all of the above are types of cartilage

D

Which one of the following is the key player in establishing the resting membrane potential in cells? A. Cl- B. H+ C. H2O D. K+ E. OH-

D

_______ are destroyed in the process of releasing their product. Sebaceous glands are an example. A. alveocrine B. apocrine C. exocrine D. holocrine E. merocrine

D

A(n) ________ and water form from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base A. buffer B. electrolyte C. isotope D. non-polar solvent E. salt

E

Apoptosis refers to... A. a common disease among the elderly where the tissues decrease in size and activity B. a decrease in size of an organ C. aging processes in general D. compartmentalization of old, damaged or cancerous cells E. programmed cell death

E

During __________ the instructions in mRNA are used to construct a protein. A. DNA repair B. DNA synthesis C. mRNA processing D. transcription E. translation

E

The ___________ manufactures all proteins that are destined to be secreted from the cell A. centrosome B. golgi complex C. lysosome D. mitochondrion E. rough endoplasmic reticulum

E

The body hair of adult females is known as... A. alopecia B. hirsute C. lanugo D. terminal hair E. vellus

E

The technical term for the calf region is A. antecubital B. crural C. perineal D. peroneal E. sural

E

Which of the following is not an age related change seen in the elderly? A. elastic fibers clump and collagen fibers become stiffer B. melenocytes decrease in number C. oils produced by skin glands become deficient D. subcutaneous fat layer diminishes E. the skin thickens and becomes less sensitive

E

Which one of the following is an example of a polymer? A. a buffer B. a fatty acid C. a monosaccharide D. a nucleotide E. a protein

E

Which one of the following is not one of the 4 major elements that make up the blood? A. carbon B. hydrogen C. nitrogen D. oxygen E. phosphorus

E

_______ is a nucleic acid that brings amino acids to the ribosome A. microRNAs B. riboswithces C. mRNAs D. rRNAs E. tRNAs

E

________ are impermeable junctions that form continuous seals around some cells A. CAMs B. desmosomes C. gap junctions D. peripheral junctions E. tight juncions

E

_________ glands produce a waxy substance and are found in ones ears. A. dermal B. apocrine sweat C. sebaceous D. eccrine sweat E. ceruminous

E

__________ are homogenous mixtures that are usually transparent. The solutes are small particles and do not settle out. A. colloids B. compounds C. isotopes D. suspensions E. true solutions

E

___________ is a nucleic acid that brings amino acids to the ribosome A. microRNAs B. riboswitches C. mRNAs D. rRNAs E. tRNAs

E

The best location to look for _________ epithelium in the urinary bladder A. pseudostratified columnar B. simple columnar C. simple cuboidal D. simple squamous E. stratified squamous F. transitional

F