A&P Homework #2 chapter 4/5

hemidesmosomes

bind cells to the basement membrane

which features of the skin protect us against microbes such as bacteria

1. The many layers of keratinized cells from a barrier against microbes 2. sebum contains compounds which kill bacteria 3. sweat has an acidic pH which suppresses microbial growth 4. langerhans cells can alert the immune system should microbes invade

along with sweating, which other responses by skin assists with thermoregulation?

Blood Vessels near the skin can dilate, increasing blood flow and heat loss

Which of the connective tissue fibers imparts the greatest strength?

Collagen

When an epidermal wound begins the healing process, basal cells migrate away from the basement membrane, enlarge, and migrate to fill in the wounded area. As these cells migrate from different sides of the wound, and reach each other, they stop migrating. This process is called_____

Contact inhibition

From which of the primary germ layers of the embryo does the epidermis of the skin develop?

Ectoderm

_____ covers and protects surfaces inside and outside of the body. _____ help secure most of the epidermal cells together through intermediate filaments, while____ allow communication among the epidermal cells This tissue will have a____ surface that is at the superficial layer and a ____ surface that is attached to the basement membrane by____

Epithelial tissue desmosome junctions gap junctions apical basal hemidesmosome Junctions

In a skin infection, which cell will take up and process microbial antigens

Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells)

Epithelial and connective tissues are found adjacent to each other because

epithelium is avascular and needs to exchange oxygen, nutrients and waste with the blood of highly vascular connective tissue

Tight Junctions

Protects cells from the movement of harmful substances, like hydrochloric acid

Which epidermal layer marks the transition between metabolically active cells of lower layers and the dead layers of keratinocytes of the upper layers?

Stratum granulosum

elastic fiber

allow extensibility, usually wihthout breaking

Gap Junction

contains tiny fluid-filled tunnels called connexons which allow the movement of ions and small molecules between cells. It is found between muscle cells of the heart and in organs with smooth muscle tissue such as the gastrointestinal tract

Which exocrine gland is primarily used for thermoregulation

eccrine sweat glands

Which polysaccharide is commonly found in the ground substance of connective tissues?

hyaluronic acid

Where would you be able to find dense regular connective tissue in the body?

in tendons and ligaments

A raised scar that extends into previously normal tissue is

keloid scar

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? 1. simple squamous epithelium is found in thin layers so substances can pass through them rapidly 2. transitional epithelium change shape to allow structures such as the urinary bladder to distend and collapse 3. keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is adapted for absorption 4. ciliated simple columnar epithelium moves mucus by ciliary action

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is adapted for absorption

Albinism is the inherited inability to produce _____

melain

What is not correct about melanin? 1. granules of melanin are produced and exported by melanocytes 2. melanin granules are the source of skin pigmentation 3. melanin is necessary for the production of vitamin D by the skin 4. melanin pigment protects DNA from damaging UV light 5. melanin granules are taken up by keratinocytes

melanin is necessary for the production of vitamin D by the skin

Reticular Fiber

modified collagen fibers used for reinforcement

The extracellular matrix of connective tissue consists of

protein fibers and ground substance

This type of exocrine gland undergoes a higher rate of mitosis due to its holocrine secretion

sabaceous gland

Which epithelial tissue is found lining the kidney glomerulus, and performs blood filtration?

simple squamous epithelium

Which tissue, depending on its location and functions, is sometimes called endothelia or mesothelia?

simple squamous epithelium

Which tissue can withstand friction and abrasion?

stratified epithelium

This layer is attached to the basement membrane by the hemidesmosomes ad to other cells by desmosomes

stratum basale

collagen fiber

strongest and most abundant protein

Which is not true about eccrine/merocrine sweat glands? 1. they begin to function at puberty 2. they are found throughout the body 3. their excretory duct terminate at the surface of the epidermis 4. they regulate body temperature

they begin to function at puberty