A&P homeworks

All epithelia have two surfaces, an apical surface and a basal surface, that differ in both structure and function. Which phrase best describes this characteristic of epithelial sheets? a. Cells in epithelial sheets are polarized. b. There is little space between cells in epithelial sheets. c. Cells have a high rate of cell division. d. Epithelia are avascular

a. Cells in epithelial sheets are polarized.

How do endocrine and exocrine glands differ? a. Endocrine glands do not use ducts. b. Exocrine glands use exocytosis to release their products. c. Exocrine glands can be multicellular. d. Exocrine glands secrete hormones.

a. Endocrine glands do not use ducts.

Which organelle is responsible for processing and packaging proteins destined for export from the cell? a. Golgi apparatus b. lysosomes c. peroxisomes d. endoplasmic reticulum

a. Golgi apparatus

What must happen before a body cell can begin mitotic cell division? a. Its DNA must be replicated exactly so that identical copies of the cell's genes can be passed on to each of its offspring. b. Its DNA must be divided in half so that half can go to one daughter cell and half can go to the other daughter cell. c. The DNA undergoes mutation in order to produce genetically specialized cells. d. The DNA is expelled from the cell so that it will not be affected by the division process.

a. Its DNA must be replicated exactly so that identical copies of the cell's genes can be passed on to each of its offspring.

When looking at the range of motion of the various sections of the vertebral column the ________ has the most flexibility. a. cervical spine b. sacral spine c. thoracic spine d. lumbar spine

a. cervical spine

The fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is ________. a. collagen b. muscle c. reticular d. elastic

a. collagen

Which of the following is found inside the cells? a. cytosol b. plasma c. extracellular fluid d. interstitial fluid

a. cytosol

Which of the following allows for communication and the passage of small molecules between adjacent cells? a. gap junction b. desmosome c. glycocalyx d. tight junctions

a. gap junction

The pH scale __________ a. is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution b. ranges from 1 to 7 c. is based on the salinity of a solution d. is linear

a. is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

In which stage of mitosis do the identical sets of chromosomes line up along the midline or equator of the cell? a. metaphase b. prophase c. telophase d. anaphase

a. metaphase

The monomers (building blocks) of carbohydrates are __________. a. monosaccharides b. proteins c. fatty acids d. amino acids

a. monosaccharides

Describe the difference in cell division between normal cells and cancer cells. a. Cancer cells are stuck in Gap0 or G0 phase b. Normal cells obey signals and their rate of cell division is controlled. c. Cancer cells do not undergo mitosis. d. Normal cells have mutations that cause abnormal proliferation.

b. Normal cells obey signals and their rate of cell division is controlled.

Some cellular organelles are surrounded by lipid membranes that create a space within the organelle separate from the rest of the cytoplasm. All of the following organelles are surrounded by membrane EXCEPT? a. Mitochondria b. Ribosomes c. Nucleus d. Endoplasmic reticulum

b. Ribosomes

Which types of cell junctions occur between cells that form the barrier layer lining the digestive tract, and serve to keep substances such as digestive enzymes, juices, and bacteria from leaking out? a. Gap junctions b. Tight junctions c. Desmosomes

b. Tight junctions

Which of the following statements describes DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)? a. DNA nucleotides contain a ribose sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogen containing base b. a DNA molecule is formed by two parallel strands of nucleotides coiled into a helix and held together by hydrogen bonds c. DNA is a high energy compound that stores cellular energy in the form of high energy bonds between phosphate groups. d. a DNA molecule is a single-stranded molecule containing the bases adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and uracil (U).

b. a DNA molecule is formed by two parallel strands of nucleotides coiled into a helix and held together by hydrogen bonds

Which of the following describes the plasma membrane? a. a membrane composed of tiny shelves or cristae b. a phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell c. a single-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell d. a double layer of protein enclosing the plasma

b. a phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell

Mitosis can be thought of as cellular immortality because __________. a. cells cannot be destroyed by phagocytosis while undergoing mitosis b. a portion of the very first parent cell will always be found in each and every daughter cell c. cells release toxins during mitosis to protect them from bacterial invasion d. each daughter from repeated cell divisions becomes more resistant to disease

b. a portion of the very first parent cell will always be found in each and every daughter cell

In connective tissue, the role of elastic fibers is to __________. a. retain fluid b. allow the tissue to stretch and recoil c. provide high tensile strength d. form delicate networks around blood vessels

b. allow the tissue to stretch and recoil

In a tissue type that undergoes a great deal of mechanical stress, you would expect to see many ________ between the individual cells, in order to prevent the cells from pulling apart. a. gap junctions b. desmosomes c. tight junctions

b. desmosomes

What are the three main components of connective tissue? a. fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts b. ground substance, fibers, and cells c. alveoli, fibrous capsule, and secretory cells d. collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers

b. ground substance, fibers, and cells

Which of the following is NOT a manner in which any epithelial tissues or glands are classified? a. number of cell layers b. location in body c. where secretions are released d. shape of the cells

b. location in body

Which of the following would NOT be a constituent of a plasma membrane? a. glycolipids b. messenger RNA c. phospholipids d. glycoproteins

b. messenger RNA

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________. a. addition of a carbon atom between each two units b. removal of a water molecule between each two units c. removal of a carbon atom between each two units d. addition of a water molecule between each two units

b. removal of a water molecule between each two units

Which of the following types of epithelia are found in the thin walls of the air sacs across which gas exchange occurs in the lungs? a. simple cuboidal b. simple squamous c. pseudostratified columnar d. simple columnar

b. simple squamous

Injured cartilage might heal more quickly if a treatment were discovered that would __________. a. prevent chondrocytes from dividing and thereby reducing the relative amount of matrix that is present in the cartilage b. stimulate blood vessels to develop within cartilage c. stimulate calcification of cartilage d. All of the listed responses are correct.

b. stimulate blood vessels to develop within cartilage

What is intramembranous ossification? a. the formation of bone from preexisting fibrocartilage models b. the formation of bone from within fibrous membranes c. the formation of bone from preexisting elastic cartilage models d. the formation of bone from preexisting hyaline cartilage models

b. the formation of bone from within fibrous membranes

The glenohumeral joint that articulates the humerus to the pectoral girdle is a highly mobile joint. This mobility comes at a cost because ________. a. muscles that span this mobile joint will only provide a reduced amount of power b. the joint is relatively unstable and can easily dislocate c. these type of joints are harder to control and coordinate d. the blood vessels that lead to the arm and hand can easily be cut off by the free range of motion

b. the joint is relatively unstable and can easily dislocate

All of the following statements describe the movement of water across the plasma membrane EXCEPT ________. a. water moves by osmosis b. water moves by active transport c. water moves by passive transport d. water movement is unregulated

b. water moves by active transport

Choose the answer that shows the correct order for the standard preparation of a histological specimen. a. (1) staining, (2) fixation, (3) sectioning b. (1) sectioning, (2) staining, (3) fixation c. (1) fixation, (2) sectioning, (3) staining d. (1) fixation, (2) staining, (3) sectioning e. (1) sectioning, (2) fixation, (3) staining

c. (1) fixation, (2) sectioning, (3) staining

Select the correct statement regarding epithelia. a. Stratified epithelia are tall, narrow cells. b. Simple epithelia form impermeable barriers. c. Stratified epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important. c. Pseudostratified epithelia consist of at least two layers of cells stacked on top of one another.

c. Stratified epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important.

Which of the following statements regarding the skeleton is INCORRECT? a. The appendicular skeleton includes the shoulder girdles. b. The axial skeleton supports and protects internal organs. c. The axial skeleton includes the bones of the limbs. d. The appendicular skeleton allows us to move around.

c. The axial skeleton includes the bones of the limbs.

Water is an important molecule because it _________ a. is a poor solvent since few things dissolve in it b. is non-polar c. can form hydrogen bonds d. has a low heat capacity

c. can form hydrogen bonds

How many hydrogen atoms will a single carbon atom bond with to form a stable molecule? a. one b. two c. four d. five

c. four

Which of the following statements is true regarding the reaction without an enzyme compared to the one with an enzyme? a. the reaction in the presence of enzyme releases more energy. b. he reaction in the presence of enzyme will form a larger proportion of product. c. less energy input is required to start the reaction in the presence of enzyme. d. all of the listed responses are true.

c. less energy input is required to start the reaction in the presence of enzyme.

After DNA replication is completed, what does each DNA double helix consist of? a. two newly synthesized strands that replace the old template strands b. strands that are mixtures of old and new nucleotides c. one old template strand and one new daughter strand d. either two old strands or two new strands

c. one old template strand and one new daughter strand

Which statement describes the Fluid Mosaic model of the plasma membrane? a. Proteins can be added and removed in order to change cell function. b. Lipids can move around within the membrane and can be added or removed as needed. c. The components of the cell membrane are not fixed in place. d. All of the above statements describe the Fluid Mosaic model

d. All of the above statements describe the Fluid Mosaic model

Which type of cell to cell communication involves one cell releasing a chemical signal into the bloodstream, where it is transported by the blood to distant cells? View Available Hint(s) a. paracrine communication b. direct communication c. synaptic communication d. endocrine communication

d. endocrine communication

When chondrocytes in lacunae divide and form new matrix, it leads to an expansion of the cartilage tissue from within. This process is called __________. a. appositional growth b. hematopoiesis c. calcification d. interstitial growth

d. interstitial growth

A homeostatic imbalance that activates these bone cells would lead to a loss of bone density. a. osteocytes b. osteoblasts c. chondroblasts d. osteoclasts

d. osteoclasts

After having a severe cold accompanied by nasal congestion, Jamila complained that she had a headache just above her eyes and that the right side of her face ached. What specific bony structure(s) probably became infected by the bacteria or viruses causing the cold? a. cranial cavity b. the orbits c. fontanelles d. paranasal sinuses

d. paranasal sinuses