A&P II Ch. 24 The Digestive System

Which of the processes below occurs during the buccal phase of deglutition? a. opening of the upper esophageal sphincter b. folding of the epiglottis to cover the glottis c. elevation of the uvula and soft palate to block passage into the nasopharynx d. passing of bolus through the palatopharyngeal arch

elevation of the uvula and soft palate to block passage into the nasopharynx

Bile salts aid in the digestion of fats by _____ large fat droplets. a. dehydrating b. binding c. anabolizing d. emulsifying e. combining

emulsifying

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the a. entry of food into the stomach. b. entry of chyme into the large intestine. c. entry of chyme into the small intestine. d. release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine. e. sight, thought, or smell of food.

entry of food into the stomach.

Salivation is controlled almost entirely by the nervous system. Which of the following stimuli would inhibit salivation? a. a lemon b. fear c. nausea d. the thought of food

fear Note: Fear, sleep, fatigue, and dehydration all inhibit salivation.

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system? a. filtration b. ingestion c. secretion d. absorption e. mechanical processing

filtration

Bile is stored in the a. appendix. b. pancreas. c. duodenum. d. gallbladder. e. liver.

gallbladder.

The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the a. fundus. b. pylorus. c. antrum. d. cardia. e. body.

pylorus.

The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a water, bicarbonate-rich fluid is a. gastrin. b. enterocrinin. c. secretin. d. GIP. e. cholecystokinin.

secretin.

What organs absorbs the most water? a. large intestine b. esophagus c. pancreas d. stomach e. small intestine

small intestine

A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in all of the following except in the a. esophagus. b. oral cavity. c. oropharynx. d. stomach. e. anal canal.

stomach.

Which of these is NOT a function of the stomach? a. to secrete hydrochloric acid b. to secrete enzymes that break down carbohydrates c. to secrete enzymes that break down proteins d. to mechanically digest food

to secrete enzymes that break down carbohydrates

A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the a. uvula. b. palatoglossal arch. c. palatopharyngeal arch. d. pharyngeal arch. e. epiglottis.

uvula.

The roof of the oral cavity is formed by the a. palatine processes of the maxillary bones. b. hard palate. c. soft palate. d. palatine bones. e. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following except a. sensory analysis of material before swallowing. b. digestion of carbohydrates. c. mechanical processing of food. d. lubrication. e. absorption of monosaccharides

absorption of monosaccharides.

In response to a steak dinner, certain secretions are needed to aid digestion. What cells in the pancreas would provide these secretions? a. acinar cells b. islet of Langerhans cells c. duct cells

acinar cells Note: In response to a high fat and protein meal, CCK would be stimulated and in turn would stimulate an enzyme-rich secretion from the pancreas.

Parietal cells secrete a. gastrin. b. mucus. c. hydrochloric acid. d. enteropeptidase. e. pepsinogen.

hydrochloric acid.

Peyer's patches are characteristic of the a. stomach. b. duodenum. c. jejunum. d. colon. e. ileum.

ileum.

Each of the following is a function of the liver except a. synthesis of plasma proteins. b. antibody production. c. synthesis and secretion of bile. d. inactivation of toxins. e. storage of glycogen and iron reserves.

antibody production.

Which of these is NOT an accessory organ of digestion? a. pancreas b. liver c. appendix d. teeth

appendix

The secretion in the large intestine consists of which of the following? a. bicarbonate- and potassium-rich mucus b. intrinsic factor c. digestive enzymes such as CCK and secretin d. bile

bicarbonate- and potassium-rich mucus Note: An alkaline mucus secretion of bicarbonate and potassium protects the large intestinal wall from acids produced by resident bacteria.

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract except the a. stomach. b. pharynx. c. bladder. d. colon. e. esophagus

bladder.

The small, semisolid mass of food formed during mastication is called a a. morsel. b. bolus. c. chime. d. chunk. e. pill.

bolus.

The pouchlike structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the a. cecum. b. rectum. c. sigmoid colon. d. haustra. e. appendix.

cecum.

Arrange the regions of the large intestine in the correct anatomical sequence. a. cecum; transverse colon; sigmoid colon; rectum b. rectum; sigmoid colon; cecum; transverse colon c. cecum; rectum; sigmoid colon; transverse colon d. cecum; sigmoid colon; transverse colon; rectum

cecum; transverse colon; sigmoid colon; rectum

HCl secretions convert pepsinogen to the active hormone pepsin. What cells in the gastric pits produce pepsinogen? a. G cells b. paracrine (also known as enteroendocrine cells) parietal c. chief

chief Note: Chief cells produce pepsinogen, the inactive form of pepsin.

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile is a. enteropeptidase. b. gastrin. c. cholecystokinin. d. GIP e. secretin

cholecystokinin.

The fusion of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms the a. porta hepatis. b. common bile duct. c. common pancreatic duct. d. hepatic portal vein. e. bile canaliculus.

common bile duct.

The absorption of some sugars in the small intestine involves a. diffusion. b. cotransport. c. pinocytosis. d. osmosis. e. phagocytosis.

cotransport.

A fatty apron known as the _____ protects the abdominal viscera anteriorly. a. greater omentum b. rectus abdominis c. lamina propria d. lesser omentum

greater omentum

The stomach is different from other digestive organs in that it a. secretes digestive juice. b. has three layers of muscle in the muscularis externa. c. moves by peristalsis. d. secretes digestive hormones. e. has folds in the mucosa.

has three layers of muscle in the muscularis externa.

Most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption is performed in the _____. a. duodenum b. stomach. c. ileum d. jejunum

jejunum

To increase surface area for absorption, the small intestine has many folds and protrusions. Which of these is NOT one of them? a. circular folds (plicae circulares) b. villi c. lacteals d. microvilli

lacteals

Products of fat digestion are transported initially by a. capillaries. b. lymphatic vessels. c. the arteioles. d. the interstitial fluid. e. veins

lymphatic vessels.

Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called a. pendular movements. b. defecation. c. segmentation. d. haustral churning. e. mass movements.

mass movements.

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the a. duodenum. b. ileum. c. mouth. d. stomach. e. esophagus.

mouth.

The exocrine protion of the pancreas is composed of a. triads. b. pancreatic crypts. c. pancreatic lobules. d. pancreatic acini. e. islets of Langerhans.

pancreatic acini.

Which digestive juice contains enzymes that breakdown carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins? a. bile b. intestinal juice c. gastric juice d. pancreatic juice e. saliva

pancreatic juice

The enzyme pepsin digests a. carbohydrates. b. nucleic acids. c. proteins. d. lipids. e. vitamins.

proteins.

The part of a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the a. enamel. b. pulp cavity. c. dentin. d. cementum. e. periodontium.

pulp cavity.

An increase in HCl (hydrochloric acid) arriving in the duodenum would stimulate which hormone that would help to counteract the effects of HCl? a. CCK (cholecystokinin) b. GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide) c. secretin d. gastrin

secretin Note: Secretin stimulates the duct cells in the pancreas and liver to secrete a bicarbonate-rich solution that will bind hydrogen ions and increase the pH.

The epithelium lining the oropharynx is a. simple squamous. b. stratified squamous. c. simple cuboidal. d. pseudostratified squamous. e. simple columnar.

stratified squamous.