A&P II CHAPTER 26 MULTIPLE CHOICE

C

A falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates ________. metabolic acidosis metabolic alkalosis respiratory acidosis respiratory alkalosis

C

A patient is breathing slowly and blood pH analysis indicates an abnormally high value. What is the likely diagnosis? metabolic acidosis respiratory alkalosis metabolic alkalosis respiratory acidosis

C

An illness causes Doug to experience severe diarrhea and an accompanying loss of bicarbonate-rich secretions. How can this metabolic acidosis be compensated? hypoventilation increased renin secretion increased respiratory rate and depth enhanced sodium ion loss in urine

C

Annie has just eaten a large order of heavily salted French fries, some pickled eggs, and some cheese. How will consuming this much salt affect her physiology? It will cause a prolonged increase in the osmolality of the blood. There will be a shift in the pH of her body fluids to the higher side of the pH scale. There will be a temporary increase in blood volume. She will experience hypotension.

A

Falling arterial blood pressure promotes ________. vasoconstriction enhanced sodium ion loss in urine vasodilation enhanced water loss in urine

B

In a car accident, Jane suffered a chest injury that resulted in impaired breathing and respiratory acidosis. How will her body compensate for this imbalance? kidneys retain hydrogen ions kidneys retain bicarbonate ions kidneys eliminate carbon dioxide kidneys eliminate bicarbonate ions

C

Mary finds that she regularly retains water at a certain point in the menstrual cycle. Which of the following is chemically similar to aldosterone, and like aldosterone, enhances NaCl reabsorption in the renal tubules? progesterone luteinizing hormone estrogen follicle-stimulating hormone

A

Nancy is experiencing an acute panic attack. While hyperventilating, she remembers to open a paper bag and breathe into it. What is Nancy trying to prevent? respiratory alkalosis metabolic alkalosis respiratory acidosis metabolic acidosis

D

One of the major physiological factors that triggers thirst is ________. a dry mouth from high temperatures drinking caffeinated beverages becoming overly agitated a rise in plasma osmolality

D

Respiratory acidosis can occur when ________. the kidneys secrete hydrogen ions a runner has completed a very long marathon a person consumes excessive amounts of antacids a person's breathing is shallow due to obstruction

D

The body's water volume is closely tied to the level of which of the following ions? potassium ions calcium ions hydrogen ions sodium ions

D

The fluid link between the external and internal environment is ________. intracellular fluid interstitial fluid cerebrospinal fluid plasma

B

The maintenance of the proper pH of the body fluids may be the result of ________. the operation of the various buffer systems in the stomach the control of respiratory ventilation control of the acids produced in the stomach the active secretion of OH- into the filtrate by the kidney tubule cells

A

The regulation of sodium ________. is linked to blood pressure involves hypothalamic osmoreceptor detection of ion concentration involves aldosterone, a hormone that increases sodium excretion in the kidneys is due to specific sodium receptors in the hypothalamus

C

The term hypotonic hydration refers to ________. a condition that is caused by high levels of sodium in the extracellular fluid compartment the feeling one might have after profuse sweating with exertion a condition that may result from renal insufficiency or drinking extraordinary amounts of water the unpleasant feeling people have after drinking too much liquor

B

Total body water is NOT a function of which of the following? amount of body fat amount of water ingested age body mass

D

When antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels are low ________. a small volume of concentrated urine is excreted nearly all of the filtered water is reabsorbed aquaporins are inserted into the principal cell apical membranes most of the water reaching the collecting ducts is not reabsorbed

A

Whereas sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid, most ________ is found in the intracellular fluid. potassium bicarbonate chloride iron

C

Which of the choices below exerts primary control over sodium levels in the body? glucocorticoids ADH aldosterone water levels

C

Which of the choices below is NOT an essential role of salts in the body? membrane permeability secretory activity anabolism of lipids neuromuscular activity

B

Which of the following describes the distribution of sodium and potassium between cells and body fluids? equal amounts of each ion in the cells and body fluids K+ mainly in the cells, Na+ in the body fluids little of either in the cells, but large amounts of each in the body fluids Na+ mainly in the cells, K+ in the body fluids

C

Which of the following hormones functions to increase water reabsorption by inserting aquaporins into the principal cell apical membranes? atrial natriuretic peptide progesterone antidiuretic hormone aldosterone

A

Which of the following hormones is important in the regulation of sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid? aldosterone antidiuretic hormone erythropoietin renin

D

Which of the following is NOT a chemical buffer system? bicarbonate phosphate protein nucleic acid

B

Which of the following is NOT a method for regulating the hydrogen ion concentration in blood? respiratory changes diet renal mechanisms chemical buffers