A&P II Final

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The following is a list of some airways. What is the order in which the air passes though them? 1. secondary bronchus 2. bronchioles 3. alveolar ducts 4. primary bronchus 5. respiratory bronchiole 6. alveoli 7. terminal bronchiole A) 1,4,2,7,5,3,6 B) 1,4,2,5,7,3,6 C) 4,1,2,7,5,3,6 D) 4,1,2,5,7,3,6 E) 2,4,1,7,5,3,6

C) 4,1,2,7,5,3,6

Put the following layers of the digestive tract wall in order from the lumen to the deepest layer : 1. lamina propria 2. muscularis externa 3. submucosa 4. digestive (mucous) epitheloum 5. serosa 6. muscularis mucosae A) 4,6,3,1,2,5 B) 5,2,3,6,1,4 C) 4,1,6,3,2,5 D) 1,4,3,6,2,5 E) 5,4,2,6,1,3

C) 4,1,6,3,2,5

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood? A) 30% B) 60% C) 45% D) 20% E) 55%

C) 45%

For adults there are _____ essential amino acids. A) 2 B) 20 C) 8 D) 10 E) 6

C) 8

Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it occur only in... A) Veins B) Venules C) Capillaries D) Arterioles E) Arteries

C) Capillaries

Inadequate exposure to sunlight could result in decreased amounts of vitamin _____ in the body. A) B12 B) E C) D D) A E) C

C) D

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is... A) Immunoglobulin A B) Albumin Alpha C) Fibrinogen D) Lipoprotein C E) Metalloprotein D

C) Fibrinogen

People who suffer from hemophilia A fail to produce a functional Factor VIII; as a result... A) They lack a functional extrinsic pathway B) Their coagulation times are much longer than normal C) they lack a functional intrinsic pathway D) Their coagulation times are too quick E) They lack a functional common pathway

C) They lack a functional intrinsic pathway

Which of the following individuals would lose heat the fastest in a cold room? A) a child B) an adult woman C) a newborn infant D) an adult man E) an adolescent male

C) a newborn infant

The function of the oral cavity include all of the following, EXCEPT.... A) mechanical processing of food B) analysis of material before swallowing C) absorption of monosaccharides D) lubrication E) digestion of carbohydrates

C) absorption of monosaccharides

Gas exchange between air and circulating blood takes place within the... A) Trachea B) Terminal bronchioles C) alveoli D) bronchi E) all of the answers are correct

C) alveoli

The classic pathway of complement activation begins when the protein C1 binds to... A) a cell surface antigen B) the cell wall of bacteria C) an antibody attached to an antigen D) the plasma membrane of bacteria E) a plasma protein

C) an antibody attached to an antigen

Compared to blood capillaries, lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following, EXCEPT that they... A) are frequently irregular in shape B) are larger in diameter C) are smaller in diameter D) have walls of endothelial cells that overlap like shingles E) have no basement membrane

C) are smaller in diameter

The MOST important chemical regulator of respiration is... A) sodium ion B) hemoglobin C) carbon dioxide D) oxygen E) bicarbonate ion

C) carbon dioxide

The major anion in the body fluid is... A) sulfate B) bicarbonate C) chloride D) iodide

C) chloride

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile is... A) secretin B) enteropeptidase C) cholecystokinin D) gastrin E) GIP

C) cholecystokinin

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called... A) fenestrated capillaries B) sinusoids C) continuous capillaries D) vasa vasorum E) sinusoidal capillaries

C) continuous capillaries

The common pathway of coagulation begins with the.... A) sticking of platelets to damaged tissue B) conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin C) conversion of Factor X to prothrombinase D) activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen E) release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium

C) conversion of Factor X to prothrombinase

______ are also known as canines. A) secondary teeth B) bicuspids C) cuspids D) incisors E) molars

C) cuspids

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called... A) mastication B) pendular movements C) peristalsis D) segmentation E) churning movements

C) epristalsis

The human liver is composed of ______ lobes. A) three B) two C) one D) four E) two large, four small

C) four

Bile is stored in the... A) liver B) appendix C) gallbladder D) duodenum E) pancreas

C) gallbladder

Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen? A) lesser omentum B) mesentary proper C) greater omentum D) falciform ligament E) disphragm

C) greater omentum

Use of the accessory respiratory muscles is characteristic of forced breathing, or... A) dyspnea B) apnea C) hyperpnea D) hypoxia E) eupnea

C) hyperpnea

Low partial pressure of oxygen tissues is a condition called.... A) emphysema B) asthma C) hypoxia D) lung cancer E) ischemia

C) hypoxia

Peyer patches are characteristic of the... A) duodenum B) jejunum C) ileum D) stomach E) colon

C) ileum

Dalton's law states that.... A) the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and gas pressure B) gas volume and temperature are directly proportional C) in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture D) gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume E) gas volume and pressure are inversely proportional

C) in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture

In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of... A) decreased membrane permeability to sodium ions B) increased membrane permeability to potassium ions C) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions D) increased membrane permeability to chloride ions E) decreased membrane permeability to calcium ions

C) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions

Boyle's law states that the pressure of gas is... A) always higher in the atmosphere than in the lungs B) directly proportional to the volume of its container C) inversely proportional to the volume of its container D) inversely proportional to temperature E) directly proportional to temperature

C) inversely proportional to the volume of its container

The villi are most developed in the... A) stomach B) cecum C) jejunum D) gallbladder E) duodenum

C) jejunum

The connection of the anterior portion of the tongue to the underlying epithelium is the... A) labial frenulum B) glossal septum C) uvula D) faux E) lingual frenulum

C) lingual frenulum

The larynx, trachea, and bronchioles all make up the... A) alveoli of the respiratory tract B) upper respiratory tract C) lower respiratory tract D) respiratory mucosa E) internal respiratory tract

C) lower respiratory tract

Products of fat digestion are transported initially by.... A) veins B) capillaries C) lymphatic vessels D) the interstitial fluid E) the arterioles

C) lymphatic vessels

An inflammatory response is triggered when... A) red blood cells release pyrogens B) blood flow to an area increases C) mast cells release histamine and heparin D) T cells release interferon E) neutrophils phagocytize

C) mast cells release histamine and heparin

The sum of all of the biochemical process going on within the human body at any given time is called... A) oxidative phosphorylation B) glycolysis C) metabolism D) anabolism E) catabolism

C) metabolism

Contraction of the _____ alters the shape of the interstitial lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds. A) submucosa B) submucosal plexus C) muscularis mucosa D) adventitia E) mucosa

C) muscularis mucosa

The ________ is lined by stratified squamous epithelium. A) layrnx B) nasopharynx C) oropharynx D) trachea E) nasal cavity

C) oropharynx

Each of the following is a function of the liver, EXCEPT... A) synthesis and secretion of bile B) storage of glycogen and iron reserves C) inactivation of toxins D) protein digestion E) synthesis of plasma proteins

C) protein digestion

Lymphocytes A) are actively phagocytic B) are primarily found in red bone marrow C) respond to antigens D) destroy red blood cells E) decrease in number during infection

C) respond to antigens

Coronary veins empty into the... A) right ventricle B) conus arteriosus C) right atrium D) left ventricle E) left atrium

C) right atrium

The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a watery, bi-carbonate-rich fluid is... A) gastrin B) cholecystokinin C) secretin D) GIP E) enterocrinin

C) secretin

A protease secreted by the pancreas is... A) amylase B) lipase C) trypsinogen D) carboxypeptidase E) All of the answers are correct

C) trypsinogen

The layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the... A) tunica mater B) tunica intima C) tunica media D) tunica externa E) tunica adventitia

C) tunica media

If a patient inhales as deeply as possible and then exhales as much as possible, the volume of air expelled would be the patient's... A) expiratory reserve volume B) tidal volume C) vital capacity D) inspiratory reserve volume E) reserve volume

C) vital capacity

What is involved in apoptosis?

Cell death

Which mineral is at the core of vitamin B12?

Cobalt

Which vitamin is most associated with rickets?

Which vitamin is the true sunshine vitamin?

If 8 molecules of NADH from the citric acid cycle entered the ETS, how much ATP would be produced? A) 3 B) 32 C) 36 D) 24 E) 8

D) 24

How many net ATP molecules are produced by the complete metabolism (all pathways) of one glucose molecule? A) 32 B) 63 C) 500 D) 36 E) 2

D) 36

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume. A) 92; 7 B) 50; 50 C) 45; 55 D) 55; 92 E) 92; 55

D) 55; 92

What percent of energy released from catabolism is lost as heat? A) 20 B) 50 C) 30 D) 60 E 40

D) 60

A patient has an end-diastolic volume of 125 mL. A heart attack has weakened her left ventricle so it can pump a stroke volume of only 40 mL. Calculate her end-systolic volume. A) 5000 mL B) 165 mL C) 3.1 mL D) 85 mL E) not enough information to calculate

D) 85 mL

The first heart sound is heart when the.... A) AV valves open B) blood enters the aorta C) semilunar valves close D) AV valves close E) atria contract

D) AV valves close

The most abundant proteins in the blood plasma are... A) Lipoproteins B) Globulins C) Transport Proteins D) Albumins E) Fibrinogens

D) Albumins

The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the ______ cells. A) suppressor T B) helper T C) NK D) B E) cytotoxic T

D) B

The vitamin that is required for proper bone growth and for calcium absorption and retention is vitamin.... A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

D) D

A moving blood clot is called a(n)... A) Thrombus B) Plaque C) Procoagulant D) Embolus E) Platelet plug

D) Embolus

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone... A) Angiotensin B) Thymosin C) M-CSF D) Erythropoietin E) Renin

D) Erythropoietin

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of... A) Sodium B) Magnesium C) Calcium D) Iron E) Copper

D) Iron

If the volume of the lungs increases, what happens to the air pressure inside of the lungs? A) It remains constant B) It increases and possibly damages the lungs C) It increases twice the amount of the increase in volume D) It decreases E) It increases

D) It decreases

Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn: A) Mother type A+, baby type O+ B) Mother Rh positive, baby Rh negative C) Mother Rh negative, baby Rh negative D) Mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive E) None of the answers are correct

D) Mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive

The function of platelets is to assist in the... A) immune response during an infection B) destruction of bacteria C) transport of blood gases such as oxygen D) process called hemostasis E) removal of worn out blood cells

D) Process of hemostasis

Which of the following statements about blood is FALSE? A) Blood is more viscous than water B) Blood contains buffers that control pH C) Cells in blood comprise the formed elements. D) The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0 E) Blood is about 55% plasma.

D) The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme.... A) Fibrinogen-converting enzyme B) Prothrombinase C) Factor VIII D) Thrombin E) Plasmin

D) Thrombin

Damage to the type II pneumocytes of the lungs would result in.... A) expansion of alveoli B) increased rate of gas exchange C) decreased surface tension in the alveoli D) a loss of surfectant E) All of the answers are correct

D) a loss of surfectant

The average life span of a red blood cell is... A) 1 month B) many years C) about 1 year D) 4 months E) 24 hours

D) about 4 months

The digestive tract is also referred to as the.... A) alimentary canal B) GI tract C) esophagus D) alimentary canal and GI tract E) All of the answers are correct

D) alimentary canal and GI tract

Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens are... A) autoimmune diseases B) immunodeficiency diseases C) the result of stress D) allergies E) signs of a weak system

D) allergies

Newborns gain their immunity initially from... A) contact with siblings B) early immunizations C) contact with viruses and bacteria D) antibodies passed across the placenta from the mother E) breast milk

D) antibodies passed across the placenta from the mother

What kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel? A) artery B) vein C) venule D) arteriole E) capillary

D) arteriole

MOST of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as... A) carbaminohemoglobin B) solute dissolved in the cytoplasm of red blood cells C) solute dissolved in plasma D) bicarbonate ions E) carbonic acid

D) bicarbonate ions

In response to the arrival of acidic chyme in the duodenum, the... A) blood levels of enterocrinin fall B) blood levels of cholecystokinin fall C) liver releases enzymes for chemical digestion D) blood levels of secretin rise E) blood levels of gastrin rise

D) blood levels of secretin rise

An increase in the rate of action potentials from baroreceptors will trigger a reflex to... A) decrease blood pressure B) decrease in heart rate C) increase in heart rate D) both decrease heart rate and decrease pressure E) both increase heart rate and increase pressure

D) both decrease heart rate and decrease pressure

Which of the following statements regarding brown fat is FALSE? A) brown fat functions in nonshivering thermogenesis B) brown fat contains a rich vascular supply C) brown fat is found in infants D) brown fat is concentrated around visceral organs in the adult E) brown fat is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system

D) brown fat is concentrated around visceral organs in the adult

A cation that is essential for muscle contraction, nerve function, and blood clotting is.... A) magnesium B) potassium C) selenium D) calcium E) sodium

D) calcium

The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to... A) movement of fewer sodium ions across the cell membrane B) increased membrane permeability to potassium ion C) decrease in the amount of calcium diffusing across the membrane D) calcium channels remaining open E) increased permeability to sodium ions

D) calcium channels remaining open

Pacemaker cells in the SA node... A) also contract with the rest of the cells in the heart wall B) have a well-defined resting potential C) are specialized neurons that convey signals from the brain to the heart D) can spontaneously depolarize E) all of the answers are correct

D) can spontaneously depolarize

What structure do RBC's move through single file? A) venule B) vein C) artery D) capillary E) arteriole

D) capillary

Which of the following is NOT a component of the hepatic triad found at the edges of a liver lobule? A) hepatic portal vein B) hepatic artery C) bile duct D) central vein E) None of the answers are correct

D) central vein

The fusion of the hepatic duct and the cystic duct form the... A) common pancreatic duct B) bile canaliculus C) hepatic portal vein D) common bile duct E) porta hepatis

D) common bile duct

The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the... A) concentration of plasma glucose B) number of red blood cells C) concentration of plasma sodium ions D) concentration of plasma proteins E) concentration of plasma waste products

D) concentration of plasma proteins

The __________ deliver(s) blood to the myocardium. A) coronary sinus B) cardiac veins C) carotid arteries D) coronary arteries E) superior vena cava

D) coronary arteries

The primary function of the lymphatic system is... A) circulation of nutrients B) the production and distribution of plasma proteins c) the transport of hormones D) defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats E) circulation of dissolved gases

D) defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats

The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from... A) depolarization of the AV node B) depolarization of the ventricles C) depolarization of the SA node D) depolarization of the atria E) repolarization of the atria

D) depolarization of the atria

The process of fibrinolysis... A) draws torn edges of damaged tissue closer together B) forms thrombi C) forms emboli D) dissolves clots E) activates fibrinogen

D) dissolves clots

The obstructive lung disease in which connective tissues are lost, alveolar surfaces are damaged, and the respiratory surface is reduced is called.... A) asthma B) pneumonia C) tuberculosis D) emphysema E) bronchitis

D) emphysema

The crown of the tooth is covered by... A) dentin B) pulp C) cementum D) enamel E) periodontium

D) enamel

The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery... A) internal elastic membrane B) tunica intima C) tunica externa D) external elastic membrane E) tunica media

D) external elastic membrane

The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the... A) coronary sinus B) ligmentum arteriosus C) interatrial septum D) foramen ovale E) fossa ovalis

D) foramen ovale

Parietal cells secrete... A) gastrin B) mucus C) enteropeptidase D) hydrochloric acid E) pepsinogen

D) hydrochloric acid

Expiratory movements are produced by the contraction of the _____ muscle. A) scalene B) external intercostal C) serratus anterior D) internal intercostal E) diaphragm

D) internal intercostal

Which of the following is NOT true of neutrophils? A) can exit capillaries B) can destroy bacteria C) can make hydrogen peroxide D) less abundant than lymphocytes E) attracted to complement-coated bacteria

D) less abundant than lymphocytes

Decompression sickness is a painful condition that develops when a person is exposed to a sudden drop in atmospheric pressure. Bubbles of ____ gas are responsible for the problem. A) carbon dioxide B) helium C) carbon dioxide D) nitrogen E) oxygen

D) nitrogen

When the semilunar valves close, the AV valves then... A) close B) prolapse C) contract D) open E) make the third heart sound

D) open

Gastric pits are.... A) involved in absorption of liquids in the stomach B) hollows where proteins are stored C) ridges in the body of the stomach D) openings into gastric glands E) acid scars in the esophagus

D) openings into gastric glands

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following, EXCEPT the... A) length of a blood vessel B) blood vessel diameter C) blood viscosity D) osmolarity of interstitial fluids E) turbulence

D) osmolarity of interstitial fluids

Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from... A) myenteric reflexes B) sympathetic stimulation C) hormonal stimulation D) parasympathetic stimulation E) fatigue

D) parasympathetic stimulation

Mary had her stomach mostly removed to overcome obesity. As a result you would expect Mary to be at risk for... A) dehydration B) protein malnutrition C) an ulcer D) pernicious anemia E) diarrhea

D) pernicious anemia

Surgical removal of the stomach could cause... A) leukocytosis B) hemophilia C) jaundice D) pernicious anemia E) thrombocytopenia

D) pernicious anemia

Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure EXCEPT... A) decreases peripheral resistance B) decreased levels of aldosterone C) decrease in blood volume D) release of renin E) increased levels of ANP ( atrial natriuretic peptide )

D) release of renin

The condition resulting from inadequate production of surfactant and the resultant collapse of the alveoli is... A) pneumothorax B) COPD C) anoxia C) respiratory distress syndrome E) pulmonary embolism

D) respiratory distress syndrome

During a choking episode, most foreign objects are lodged in the _______ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle. A) left secondary B) medial C) left primary D) right primary E) right secondary

D) right primary

The movement of chloride ions into the RBC's in exchange for bicarbonate ions is known as the chloride... A) trade B) transport C) swap D) shift E) exchange

D) shift

The nasopharynx transitions into the oropharynx at the level of the... A) pharyngeal septum B) cribiform plate C) hard palate D) soft palate E) internal nares

D) soft palate

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in... A) the wall of the left ventricle B) the Purkinje Fibers C) both the left and right ventricles D) the sinoatrial node E) the atrioventricular node

D) the sinoatrial node

If the connection between the SA node and the AV node becomes blocked... A) the ventricle will beat faster B) the ventricular beat will remain unchanged C) the atria will contract more forcefully D) the ventricles will beat more slowly E) cardiac output will increase

D) the ventricles will beat more slowly

Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the... A) right lymphatic duct B) cisterna chyli C) hepatic portal vein D) thoracic duct E) dural sinus

D) thoracic duct

The right lung is to _______ and the left lung is to ________. A) two lobes; three lobes B) two lobes; two lobes C) four lobes; three lobes D) three lobes; two lobes E) three lobes; three lobes

D) three lobes; two lobes

The volume of air moved in a single respiratory cycle is called... A) alveolar minute volume B) lung volume C) respiratory volume D) tidal volume E) vital capacity

D) tidal volume

What vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply? A) arteriole B) capillary C) venule D) vein E) artery

D) vein

The thoroughfare channel ends at the.... A) artery B) vein C) capillary D) venule E) arteriole

D) venule

The cardioacceleratory center activates sympathetic neurons and the cardioinhibitory center controls parasympathetic neurons. A) The first part of the statement is false, but the second part is true B) The first part of the statement is true, but the second part is false C) Both parts of the statement are false D) Both parts of the statement are true E) Both parts of the statement are true and relate to the control of the heart

E) Both parts of the statement are true and relate to the control of the heart

The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called... A) cementum B) pulp C) enamel D) periodontum E) dentin

E) Dentin

Sometimes called "good cholesterol" _____ carry excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver. A) VLDL B) LDL C) VHDL D) IDL E) HDL

E) HDL

Immunoglobulins, formed of five subunits, that are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection are... A) IgG B) IgE C) IgD D) IgA E) IgM

E) IgM

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins? A) Brain B) Kidney C) Heart D) Pancreas E) Liver

E) Liver

Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the... A) P wave B) T wave C) S wave D) PR complex E) QRS comples

E) QRS complex

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is FALSE? A) Red cells lack mitochondria B) Red cells are specialized for carrying oxygen C) Red cells are bioconcave discs D) Red cells form stacks call rouleaux E) Red cells are about 18 micrometers in diameter

E) Red cells are about 18 micrometers in diameter

Which of the following vitamins is needed for the formation of clotting factors? A) Vitamin D B) Vitamin A C) Vitamin E D) Vitamin B E) Vitamin K

E) Vitamin K

Carbonic anhydrase... A) can decrease the amount of bicarbonate ion in the plasma B) is in the RBC's C) can increase the amount of bicarbonate ion in the plasma D) is an enzyme E) all of the answers are correct

E) all of the answers are correct

During deglutition... A) the larynx elevates and the epiglottis closes B) the soft palate elevates C) smooth muscle contracts D) the lower esophageal sphincter opens E) all of the answers are correct

E) all of the answers are correct

During exercise... A) vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles B) tissue perfusion to the digestive system decreases C) venous return increases D) both cardiac output and stroke volume increase E) all of the answers are correct

E) all of the answers are correct

If the lingual frenulum is too restrictive, an individual... A) has difficulty eating B) cannot protract the tongue as far as most individuals C) cannot speak normalls D) has a condition called ankyloglossia E) all of the answers are correct

E) all of the answers are correct

Inflammation produces localized... A) redness B) heat C) swelling D) pain E) all of the answers are correct

E) all of the answers are correct

Innate defenses include... A) inflammation B) phagocytic cells C) physical barriers D) interferons E) all of the answers are correct

E) all of the answers are correct

Lymphatic capillaries are known for... A) being the smalled lymphatic vessels B) being the starting point of the lymphatic circulation C) having larger diameters and looser walls than blood capillaries D) shingle-like endothelial cells E) all of the answers are correct

E) all of the answers are correct

The roof of the oral cavity is formed by the... A) soft palate B) palatine bones C) hard palate D) palatine processes of the maxillary bones E) all of the answers are correct

E) all of the answers are correct

Which of the following is a function of the tongue? A) mechanical processing B) sensory analysis C) secretion of mucins D) manipulation to assist with chewing E) all of the answers are correct

E) all of the answers are correct

The function of red blood cells is to... A) carry carbon dioxide from the lungs to the body's cells B) carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells C) carry oxygen from the cells to the lungs D) defend the body against infectious organisms E) carry oxygen to the cells and carry away carbon dioxide

E) carry oxygen to the cells and carry away the carbon dioxide

The duodenal ampulla receives secretions from the... A) duodenum and the pylorus B) duodenum and the pancreatic duct C) duodenum and the jejunum D) duodenum and the bile duct E) common bile duct and the pancreatic duct

E) common bile duct and the pancreatic duct

Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are _______ cells. A) B B) helper T C) supressor T D) plasma E) cytotoxic T

E) cytotoxic T

External respiration involves the... A) movement of air into and out of the lungs B) utilization of oxygen by tissues to support metabolism C) exchange of dissolved gases between the blood and interstitial fluid D) binding of oxygen by hemoglobin E) diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood

E) diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood

Artery is to ______ as vein is to ______. A) efferent; away B) toward; away C) afferent; efferent D) afferent; away E) efferent; afferent

E) efferent; afferent

The visceral pericardium is the same as the... A) mediastinum B) endocardium C) myocardium D) parietal pericardium E) epicardium

E) epicardium

The technical term for quiet breathing is... A) passive B) shallow breathing C) hypoventilation D) costal breathing E) eupnea

E) eupnea

Compared to arteries, veins... A) Are more elastic B) have more smooth muscle in their tunica media C) have a pleated endothelium D) hold their shape better when cut E) have thinner walls

E) have thinner walls

As blood circulates from arteries into capillaries, the total cross-sectional area of capillaries... A) is the same as the total cross-sectional area of arteries and blood velocity is equal between arteries and capillaries B) increases and causes the blood velocity to increase C) decreases and causes the blood velocity to increase D) decreases and causes the blood velocity to decrease E) increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease

E) increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease

_______ is the amount of air that you can inhale above the resting tidal volume. A) enhanced tidal volume B) inspiratory capacity C) residual inhaled volume D) expiratory reserve volume E) inspiratory reserve volume

E) inspiratory reserve volume

A sample of John's blood shows a high level of pyrogens. This would indicate that John... A) has swollen lymph nodes B) is producing T lymphocytes C) has a sore throat D) is feeling achy E) is running a fever

E) is running a fever

What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption? A) esophagus B) anus C) stomach D) pancreas E) large intestine

E) large intestine

The essential fatty acids are.... A) glycerol and pyruvic acid B) HDLs and LDLs C) leucine and lysine D) cholesterol and glycerol E) linoleic acid and

E) linoleic acid and

A cation that often acts as a cofactor for enzymes is... A) sodium B) calcium C) potassium D) zinc E) magnesium

E) magnesium

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called... A) myeloblasts B) lymphoblasts C) normoblasts D) eythroblasts E) megakaryocytes

E) megakaryocytes

The __________ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels. A) serosa B) lamina propria C) adventitia D) fibrosa E) mesenteries

E) mesenteries

The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the... A) submucosa B) serosa C) muscularis mucosa D) adventitia E) mucosa

E) mucosa

Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called _________ immunity. A) natural passive B) passive C) auto D) innate E) naturally acquired active

E) naturally acquired active

Blood pressure increases with all of the following EXCEPT increased... A) blood volume B) cardiac output C) force of cardiac contraction D) peripheral resistance E) parasympathetic innervation

E) parasympathetic innervation

Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in DECREASED... A) heart rate B) blood flow to the lungs C) cardiac output D) sympathetic stimulation of the heart E) parasympathetic stimulation of the heart

E) parasympathetic stimulation of the heart

The term _____ describes the result from an injury that permits air to leak into the intrapleural space. A) pleurisy B) emphysema C) pneumonia D) pulmonary edema E) pneumothorax

E) pneumothorac

Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the... A) vasa vasorum B) plexus C) thoroughfare channel D) venule E) precapillary sphincter

E) precapillary sphincter

The respiratory epithelium of the conducting airways consists of... A) stratified squamous epithelium B) simple squamous epithelium C) moist cuboidal epithelium D) ciliated squamous epithelium E) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

E) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

The loss of infrared energy from the body is called... A) conduction B) thermal regulation C) convection D) evaporation E) radiation

E) radiation

Which of the following are involved in the pulmonary circuit? A) inferior vena cava, right atrium, aorta B) superior vena cava, right atrium, left ventricle C) left ventricle, pulmonary veins, right atrium D) right ventricle, pulmonary veins, aorta E) right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, aorta

E) right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, aorta

The respiratory membrane of the gas exchange surfaces consists of... A) ciliated squamous epithelium B) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium C) moist cuboidal epithelium D) surfectant cells E) simple squamous epithelium

E) simple squamous epithelium

The major cation in the extracellular fluid is... A) calcium B) iron C) magnesium D) potassium E) sodium

E) sodium

The phase of the cardiac cycle when the mitrial valve is closed and the aortic valve is open is the... A) early diastolic filling phase B) late diastolic filling phase C) atrial systole D) dicrotic phase E) systolic ejection phase

E) systolic ejection phase

Henry's law states that... A) gas volume and pressure are inversely proportional B) gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume C) gas volume and temperature are directly proportional D) in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture E) the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and gas pressure

E) the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and gas pressure

The space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth is called the... A) fauces B) dip sulcus C) larynx D) pharynx E) vestibule

E) vestibule

Give the name for the process by which HIV enters the host human cell.

Endocytosis

Which vitamin is most associated with embryonic neural tube development?

Folic acid

Give the name of any of the two markers found on HIV.

GP41

When each PEP is converted to pyruvate, what is released in the process?

H2O

What is the literal translation of the acronym HIV?

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

D) afferent lymphatic vessel

Identify the structure labeled "1" A) arteriole B) lymphatic nodule C) efferent lymphatic vessel D) afferent lymphatic vessel E) venule

What is the specific function of the HIV enzyme integrase?

Integrates viral DNA to host DNA

Match the proenzyme ( 1- 3 ) with the correct enzyme activator ( 4 - 6 ). 1. pepsinogen 2. trypsinogen 3. procarboxypeptidase 4. enterokinase 5. hydrochloric acid 6. trypsin A) 1 & 4; 2 & 6; 3 & 5 B) 1 & 5; 2 & 4; 3 & 6 C) 1 & 4; 2 & 5; 3 & 6 D) 1 & 6; 2 & 5; 3 & 4 E) 1 & 5; 2 & 6; 3 & 4

B) 1 & 5; 2 & 4; 3 & 6

Match the gastric phase on the left ( 1-3 ) with the correct description on the right ( 4-6 ): 1. intestinal phase 2. gastric phase 3. cephalic phase 4. prepares stomach for arrival of food 5. stomach empties and decreases secretions 6. stomach secretes juice and mixes food into chyme A) 1 & 4; 2& 5; 3 & 6 B) 1 & 5; 2 & 6; 3 & 4 C) 1 & 6; 2 & 5; 3 & 4 D) 1 & 6; 2 & 4; 3 & 5

B) 1 & 5; 2 & 6; 3 & 4

When an antigen is bound to a Class I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a ________ cell. a) Helper T B) Cytotoxic T C) NK D) plasma E) B

B) Cytotoxic T

Most of the ATP from metabolism is produced in the... A) mitochondrial matrix B) Electron Transport System C) citric acid cycle D) cytosol E) glycolysis

B) Electron transport system

The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the _____ cells. A) suppressor T B) NK C) B D) plasma E) helper T

B) NK

"An increase in end-diastolic volume increases the stroke volume" is another way of saying... A) Sparrow's law of the heart B) Starling's law of the heart C) Finch's law of the heart D) Robin's law of the heart E) Hawking's law of the heart

B) Starling's law of the heart

The most superior portion of the lung is called the.... A) cardiac notch B) apex C) epipleurium D) hilis E) base

B) apex

The citric acid cycle.... A) forms acetyl-CoA from glucose-6-phosphate B) begins with the formation of a molecule of citric acid C) consumes two moles of carbon dioxide D) contains enzymes called cytochromes E) directly produces most of the ATP from the catabolism of glucose

B) begins with the formation of a molecule of citric acid

The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as... A) mitrial valve prolapse B) cardiac tamponade C) pleural effusion D) pericarditis E) cardiomypathy

B) cardiac tamponade

The trace element needed for hemoglobin synthesis is.... A) cobalt B) copper C) silicon D) iodine E) zinc

B) copper

Which of the following would INCREASE the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues? A) decreased temperature B) decreased pH C) decreased amounts of DPG D) increased tissue PO2 E) All of the answers are correct

B) decreased pH

The laryngeal cartilage which is NOT composed of hyaline cartilage is the... A) cricoid B) epiglottis C) artenoid D) thyroid E) corniculate

B) epiglottis

Which of the following contains a remnant of the fetal umbilical vein? A) mesentary proper B) falciform ligament C) diaphragm D) greater omentum E) lesser omentum

B) falciform ligament

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes the disease known as AIDS selectively infects ________ cells. A) plasma B) helper T C) B D) suppressor T E) cytotoxic T

B) helper T

The force that moves fluid out of the capillaries is ________ pressure whereas the opposing force that moves fluid into capillaries is _______ pressure. A) systolic; diastolic B) hydrostatic; osmotic C) osmotic; hydrostatic D) plasma; extracellular E) blood; interstitial

B) hydrostatic; osmotic

All of the following are true of neutrophils, EXCEPT that they are... A) granular leukocytes B) important in coagulation C) also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes D) active in fighting bacterial infections E) phagocytic

B) important in coagulation

Plicae and intestinal villi... A) secrete digestive enzymes B) increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine C) produce hormones D) carry products of digestion that will not pass through the blood capillaries E) produce new cells for the mucosa of the small intestine

B) increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine

A blockage of the ducts from the parotid glands would... A) cause mumps B) interfere with the carbohydrate digestion in the mouth C) occurs when too much protein is ingested D) prevent emulsification of lipids E) inhibit secretion of saliva from other glands

B) interfere with the carbohydrate digestion in the mouth

The blood cells involved in specific immunity are the... A) monocytes B) lymphocytes C) erythrocytes D) basophils E) neutrophils

B) lymphocytes

The vitamin that is part of the coenzyme NAD is.. A) folic acid B) niacin C) riboflavin D) thiamine E) cobalamin

B) niacin

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? A) spleen B) pancreas C) appendix D) esophagus E) colon

B) pancreas

The enzyme amylase digests... A) peptides B) polysaccharides C) triglycerides D) nucleotides E) disaccharides

B) polysaccharides

As blood travels from arteries to veins... A) diameter of the blood vessels get progressively smaller B) pressure drops C) viscosity increases D) pressure builds E) flow becomes turbulent

B) pressure drops

All of the following are true of the lining of the stomach, EXCEPT that it.... A) contains gastric pits B) recycles bile C) is covered by a thick, viscous mucus D) has a simple columnar epithelium E) is constantly being replaced

B) recycles bile

In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in... A) lymphoid tissue B) red bone marrow C) the spleen D) yellow bone marrow E) the liver

B) red bone marrow

An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that coagulates milk proteins is... A) pepsin B) rennin C) gastrin D) trypsin E) cholecystikinin

B) rennin

Elevated levels of the hormones ANP and BNP will produce increased... A) blood volume B) salt and water loss through the kidneys C) blood pressure D) venous return and preload E) sodium ion levels in the blood

B) salt and water loss through the kidneys

Interleukins do all of the following EXCEPT... A) increase T-cell sensitivity to antigens exposed on macrophage membrances B) stimulate collagen synthesis C) stimulate B-cell activity, plasma cell formation, and antibody production D) elevate body temperature E) stimulate inflammation

B) stimulate collagen synthesis

Which of these descriptions best matches the term gastrin? A) carries absorbed sugars and amino acids B) stimulates gastric secretion C) causes gallbladder to contract D) stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid E) where pancreatic juice and bile enters duodenum

B) stimulates gastric secretion

As a result of the long refractory period in the cardiac action potential, cardiac muscle CANNOT exhibit... A) fatigue B) tetany C) tonus D) treppe E) recruitment

B) tetany

A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because... A) dead white blood cells accumulate at the site of the injury B) the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin C) bilirubin from hemoglobin recycling has built-up in the bruise D) red blood cells are green when they leave circulation E) hemoglobin has leaked from the blood into the injury and hemoglobin has a green color

B) the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin

Reactions within _______ provide most of the energy needed by a typical cell. A) cytoplasm B) the mitochondria C) the plasma membrane D) nucleus E) the endoplasmic reticulum

B) the mitochondria

Of the following arteries, the one that is an elastic artery is... A) the external carotid artery B) the subclavian artery C) the brachial artery D) the ulnar artery E) the femoral artery

B) the subclavian artery

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract.... A) the volume of the thorax decreases B) the volume of the thorax increases C) the lungs shrink D) expiration occurs E) the volume of the lungs decrease

B) the volume of the thorax increases

The vitamin whose deficiency causes beriberi is... A) folic acid B) thiamine C) niacin D) cobalamin E) riboflavin

B) thiamine

T is to ________ as B is to _______. A) top; bottom B) thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived C) thyroid; bowel D) trabeculae; bursa E) non-thymus-dependent; bottom

B) thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived

During lipolysis... A) lipids are metabolized to yield ATP B) triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids C) triglycerides are converted into molecules of acetyl-CoA D) lipids are formed from excess carbohydrates E) lipids are converted to glucose molecules

B) triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids

Impaired fat absorption in the intestine would interfere with the absorption of... A) riboflavin B) vitamin A C) vitamin B12 D) niacin E) vitamin C

B) vitamin A

Which vitamin is also referred to as niacin and nicotinic acid?

How many total ATPs are actually formed during two turns of the citric acid cycle?

How many total FADH2 are formed from two turns of the citric acid cycle? How many ATPs are made from the H=H released from them during electron transport?

2; 4

How many total NADH+H are formed during glycolysis? How many total ATPs are later formed when their H+H are released during electron transport?

2; 4

If two individuals heterozygous for sickle cell anemia produce progeny, what is the probability that their first born will not have sickle cell but will be immune to malaria?

50%

As a result of two turns of the citric acid cycle, how many total NADH are formed? How many total ATPs are made from the H+H released from them during electron transport?

6; 18

What is one atmosphere of pressure?

760 mmHg

Which vitamin is most associated with night blindness?

The portion of the stomach that is superior to the junction between the stomach and esophagus is the... A) fundus B) antrum C) pylorus D) cardia E) body

A pylorus

Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the output side to the input side of the cardiovascular flow circuit : 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins 7. muscular arteries A) 4,7,2,3,1,5,6 B) 5,6,1,3,2,7,4 C) 2,7,6,3,1,5,6 D) 6,5,1,3,2,7,4 E) 7,4,2,3,1,5,6

A) 4,7,2,3,1,5,6

The vitamin that plays a role in maintaining epithelia and is required for synthesis of visual pigments is vitamin.... A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

A) A

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if... A) A gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal B) Red blood cells bind too much oxygen C) There is insufficient heme in the hemoglobin D) The diet is deficient in iron E) Hemolysis is prevented by a mutated gene

A) A gene adult hemoglobin is abnormal

______ is the most common lethal inherited disease affecting individuals of Northern European descent. A) Cystic fibrosis B) Myasthenia gravis C) Parkinson's Disease D) MRSA E) Congestive heart failure

A) Cystic Fibrosis

Type AB blood has which of the following characteristics A) RBCs have both the A&B surface antigens and no ABO plasma antibodies B) RBCs have the A antigen and the plasma had the anti-B antibody C) RBCs have no surface antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma D) RBCs have the Rh positive and the anti-D plasma antibodies E) RBCs have the A and B surface antigens and the plasma have anti-A and anti-B antibodies

A) RBCs have both the A&B surface antigens and no ABO plasma antibodies

The most abundant component of plasma is A) Water B) Gases C) Nutrients D) Proteins E) Ions

A) Water

A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in... A) a higher pH during gastric digestion B) decreased gastrin production C) increased protein digestion in the stomach D) decreased production of pepsinogen by chief cells E) a lower pH during gastric digestion

A) a higher pH during gastric digestion

In which of the following would the blood flow be HIGHEST? A) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long B) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 2 meters long C) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 4 meters long D) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 10 meters long

A) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

Which of the following is NOT true of monocytes? A) about the same size as basophils B) are long lived C) become macrophages D) enter tissue and wander E) can phagocytize bacteria

A) about the same size as basophils

Function of the stomach include all of the following EXCEPT... A) absorption of triglycerides B) initiation of protein digestion C) mechanical breakdown of food D) storage of ingested food E) denaturation of proteins

A) absorption of triglycerides

________ is to slow heart rate as _______ is to fast heart rate. A) bradycardia; tachycardia B) tachycardia; bradycardia C) angina; infarction D) bradycardia; cardiomyopathy E) cardiac tamponade; bradycardia

A) bradycardia; tachycardia

Carbon dioxide and water combine to form... A) carbonic acid B) nitric acid C) hydrochloric acid D) carbaminohemoglobin E) carbonic acid

A) carbonic acid

The lipoproteins that carry absorbed lipids from the intestinal tract to the bloodstream are... A) chylomicrons B) HDLs C) VLDLs D) LDLs E) coenzymes

A) chylomicrons

In the citric acid cycle, a 2 carbon molecule and a 4 carbon molecule combine to produce... A) citric acid B) fructose -1,6 - bisphosphate C) NADH D) carbon dioxide E) pyruvic acid

A) citric acid

Drugs that block the beta-one adrenergic receptor (beta-blockers) will... A) decrease the heart rate B) increase cardiac output C) increase heart rate D) decrease the end-systolic volume E) increase contractility

A) decrease the heart rate

When the left ventricle contract, the distance from the apex to the base... A) decreases B) increases C) remains unchanged

A) decreases

Autoantibodies are... A) directed against the body's own antigens B) produced by activated T cells C) produced during an allergic reaction D) important in tissue rejection reactions E) the first step in immunological competence

A) directed against the body's own antigens

The term hypercapnia refers to... A) elevated PCO2 B) the cessation of breathing C) labored breathing D) an increase in pH E) elevated PO2

A) elevated PCO2

What occurs if intrapulmonic pressure is 763 mmHg? A) exhalation B) inhalation C) apnea D) hyperventilation E) pause in breathing

A) exhalation

A high uric acid level ( above 7.4 mg/dl ) can lead to the painful condition known as... A) gout B) ketosis C) RA D) anorexia nervosa E) lupus

A) gout

Each of the following factors will increase cardiac output, EXCEPT... A) increased parasympathetic stimulation B) increased force of contraction C) increased heart rate D) increased venous return E) increased sympathetic stimulation

A) increased parasympathetic stimulation

Fear can result in... A) increased stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center by higher brain centers B) increased stimulation of the cardioinhibitory center by higher brain centers C) decreased heart rate D) decreased blood pressure E) parasympathetic stimulation

A) increased stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center by higher brain centers

Inhaling through the nostrils is preferred over the mouth because.... A) it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air B) it combines olfaction with respiration C) bacteria won't be inhaled from the oral cavity D) there is less resistance to air flow E) it dries out the mouth

A) it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air

If digestion of a carbohydrate results in equal amounts of glucose and galactose, this carbohydrate is probably... A) lactose B) glycogen C) maltose D) cellulose E) sucrose

A) lactose

The taenia coli are... A) longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the colon wall B) polyps that obstruct the sigmoid colon C) tumors normally confined in the sigmoid colon D) tears of the colon E) ridges in the mucosa of the colo

A) longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the colon wall

In the mdidle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and the trachea called the.... A) mediastinum B) cardiac notch C) ventral cavity D) pericardial space E) pleural space

A) mediastinum

The gastroileal reflex... A) moves some chyme to the colon B) empties the duodenum C) is relayed through the CNS D) promotes gastric secretion E) decreases peristaltic activity

A) moves some chyme to the colon

The citric acid cycle is an aerobic process because... A) oxygen is needed to remove carbon atoms as carbon dioxide B) ADP is phosphorylated C) FADH2 is produced D) citric acid molecules have oxygen atoms E) NAH+ is converted into NADH

A) oxygen is needed to remove carbon atoms as carbon dioxide

The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of... A) pancreatic acini B) pancreatic lobules C) triads D) pancreatic crypts E) islets of Langerhans

A) pancreatic acini

All of the following are true of the intestinal phase of gastric digestion, EXCEPT that it... A) precedes the gastric phase B) involved both neural and endocrine reflexes C) begins when chyme enters the small intestine D) functions to control the rate of gastric emptying E) helps ensure that the functions of the small intestine proceed with relative efficiency

A) precedes the gastric phase

The enzyme pepsin digests... A) proteins B) lipids C) vitamins D) nucleic acids E) carbohydrates

A) proteins

Helper T cells do all of the following, EXCEPT... A) provide a rapid response to a future exposure to the antigen B) enhance nonspecific defenses C) attract macrophages to the affected area D) trigger B-cell division, plasma cell maturation, and antibody production E) enhance production of memory and cytotoxic T cells

A) provide a rapid response to a future exposure to the antigen

Blockage of pulmonary blood flow by a clot or similar obstruction is... A) pulmonary embolism B) anoxia C) pneumothorax D) emphysema E) COPD

A) pulmonary embolism

Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which _____ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems. A) reduces; increases B) decreases; doubles C) increases; reduces D) doubles; decreases E) reduces; reduces

A) reduces; increases

Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) decreases in starving children because... A) starvation in children results in a protein deficiency and the liver cannot produce enough protein to maintain BCOP B) the question statement is false, BCOP actually increases in starving children C) starvation increases the permeability of capillaries causeing a decrease in BCOP D) malnourished children do not exercise, which results in a decrease in BCOP E) starvation increases blood pressure which, in turn, decreases BCOP

A) starvation in children results in a protein deficiency and the liver cannot produce enough protein to maintain BCOP

A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in all of the following, EXCEPT in the... A) stomach B) oropharynx C) oral cavity D) esophagus E) anal canal

A) stomach

The carbon dioxide of respiration is formed during.... A) the citric acid cycle B) glycolysis C) electron transport D) the formation of pyruvic acid E) the formation of water

A) the citric acid cycle

Harry suffers from cystic fibrosis and has severe breathing difficulties. His problems result from... A) thick secretions that are difficult to transport B) lack of neural control of respiration C) reduced mucus secretions in the trachea D) laryngospasms E) genetic mutations in cilia production

A) thick secretions that are difficult to transport

______ is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle. A) tidal volume B) inspiratory capacity C) residual volume D) inspiratory reserve volume E) expiratory reserve volume

A) tidal volume

In transamination, the group of an amino acid is... A) transferred to a keto acid B) converted to ammonia C) transferred to aceyl-CoA D) absorbed by water E) converted to urea

A) transferred to a keto acid

What is the literal translation of the acronym AIDS?

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

_________ is the symptom generally brought on by coronary ischemia.

Angina

Which vitamin is also called ascorbic acid?

Which vitamin is the most associated with Linus Pauling?

The normal respiratory rate of a resting adult ranges from _______ breaths each minute, or roughly one for every four heartbeats. A) 18 - 22 B) 10-15 C) 12-18 D) 6-10 E) 8-14

C) 12-18

Provide the name for the 4-C molecule that is the precursor to citric acid.

Oxylacetate

Give the name for the two, three carbon compounds containing two phosphate groups.

Pgaps

Which enzyme allows HIV to direct the host from viral DNA to viral RNA?

Reverse Transcriptase

Cite the opportunistic infection associated with HIV that is characterized by black lesions?

Sarcoma

Provide the more contemporary name for the disorder, consumption.

C) End-systolic Volume

What volume is labeled "G" on the graph? A) Ejection fraction B) Stroke volume C) End-systolic volume D) Cardiac output E) End-diastolic volume

In the citric acid cycle, CO2 is released during the transition reaction, but so is this 2-C compound

acetyl-CoA

When fructose 6 phosphate is cleaved, which two molecules form?

pgals

C) pyruvate acid

What is the molecule labeled "1"? A) FADH2 B) phosphoglyceric acid C) pyruvate acid D) citric acid E) NADH

A) oxalacetate

What is the molecule labeled "7"? A) oxalacetate B) hydrogen atoms C) NADH D) FADH2 E) citric acid

B) Semilunar valve opens

What occurs at "A" on the graph? A) AV valve closes B) semilunar valve opens C) AV valve opens D) semiulunar valve closes E) end systolic volume

E) semilunar valve closes

What occurs at the area labeled "B" on the graph? A) AV valve opens B) ventricular ejection occurs C) semilunar valve opens D) AV valve closes E) semilunar valve closes

A) AV valve closes

What occurs at the area labeled "C" on the graph? A) AV valve closes B) ventricular filling begins C) semilunar valve closes D) semilunar valve opens E) AV valve opens

A fine tubular wire mesh called a _______ may be inserted into a coronary vessel, holding it open.

Stent

Hydrogen atoms from one FADH2 from the citric acid cycle produce how much ATP in the electron transport system? A) 1 B) 32 C) 4 D) 3 E) 2

E) 2

The total volume of blood in the body of a 76 kg man is approximately ______ liters. A) 10 B) 3.8 C) 6 to 8 D) 4.4 E) 5.3

E) 5.3

An infected wound typically contains... A) cellular debris B) tissue fluids C) pus D) dead neutrophils E) All of the answers are correct