A&P II Fluid & Electrolytes

name the two most common positive electrolytes which are found both inside and outside of cells?

Calcium and Magnesium

what is an electrolyte?

a salt that dissolves in water to form charged ions

when do the symptoms of dehydration come about?

after the loss of about 2 liters of water

what's thirst?

an awareness of the need for water created by the hypothalamus

what is the most common negative ion outside the cell?

chlorine

name the most common negative electrolytes

chlorine, PO4-, SO4-, & CO4- aka phosphates, carbonates, and sulfates

what will excess H+ in the urine cause?

excess K+ to be retained

what will cause excess K+ to be retained?

excess of H+ in urine

name 4 symptoms of dehydration

headache, fatigue/weakness, confusion, dry membranes

what is the term for under volume blood?

hypovolemic

what do kidneys do to fluid balance?

kidneys selectively secrete excess electrolytes to maintain correct ratio of water & electrolytes in intracellular fluid (63%), blood plasma (8-9%), & interstitial fluid (28%)

name some inputs of water into the body

liquids, food, metabolic water (from the break-down of food molecules that release water)

what does the loss of up to 16lbs of water (so like 4-8 liters) result in?

loss of temperature control, loss of muscle control& cramps, very confused leading to coma which can lead to shock

what is the minimum amount of urine you have to make per day called?

obligate volume

name the most common positive ion (electrolyte) inside the cell

potassium

name some ways body water is lost

respiration, evaporation, fecal material, urination

what is pH maintained by?

selective secretion or retention of hydrogen ions

name the most common positive ion (electrolyte) outside the cell

sodium

name 4 common electrolytes that are positive

sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium

what are 4 important functions of water?

temperature regulation, chemical reactions, as a solvent, lubricant/protectant

when/why does the awareness of thirst come?

when you've lost about a half a liter of water or hypothalamus checks sodium content of blood and finds sodium content too high... this triggers the hypothalamus to create the feeling of thirst

how much water is recommended to drink (per day)?

2,000-3,500 mL + what you need if it's extra hot, or you exercise, or your pregnant

how much water in the body is IN BETWEEN cells?

28%

what percentage of normal diet is water?

30%

what is the minimum amount of urine you have to make per day?

400 mL

how much water is normally lost by respiration?

500 mL of water per day

how much water is normally lost by evaporation?

500mL per day

how much body weight is water?

60%

how much of total body water is IN cells?

63%

how much water in the body is in blood?

8-9%

name the 3 most common negative electrolytes IN the cells

PO4- SO4- CO4-