A&P test 2 part 2

Which of the following examples best demonstrates species resistance?

A worker at an animal shelter encounters a cat with Calicivirus, but cannot become sick with Calicivirus themselves.

Which response is slower but more specific for a pathogen?

Adaptive defenses

A genetic mutation stops T cells and macrophages from producing cytokines. Which of the following immune compounds will not be produced?

Autoantibodies and immunosuppressants,,,,,wrong Antibodies and antigens,,,,wrong

Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease?

Diabetes insipidus

Which of the following is not a mechanical barrier against microorganisms?

Diarrhea

Marsha gets a splinter in her finger. What is her body's first response to any microbe that might try to enter her body as a result of the splinter breaking the skin?

Innate defense

After an infection, many dead and fragmented bacterial cells must be filtered from the body. Which of the following cells will clear out the cell debris?

Macrophages

Heliobacter pylori is a species of bacteria that causes stomach ulcers. It does this by burrowing into the mucosal lining of the stomach and degrading it to form a hole. By doing so, what type of innate defense is it overcoming?

Mechanical barriers

A person has an autoimmune disease. Which of the following could be targets for the immune cells in this type of disease?

Normal red blood cells

Which of the following is part of the adaptive immune response?

Production of antibodies

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is responsible for the infection known as mononucleosis. The virus attacks B lymphocytes and uses them to replicate itself. When the immune system manages to halt EBV production, the virus still remains dormant in infected B cells for the rest of the life of the host. In which of the following locations would you most likely find dormant EBV (in a previously infected person)?

The spleen

Which of the following does not provoke inflammation?

Tickling

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?

Transporting hormones to intestinal smooth muscle

As a result of the allergen-antibody reaction, mast cells release histamine.

True

Autoimmune diseases are more common in older people.

True

During the primary immune response, B lymphocytes give rise to plasma cells.

True

Innate defenses include mechanical and chemical barriers, whereas adaptive defenses counter specific disease-causing agents.

True

Lymphatic capillaries are thin-walled, closed-ended tubes.

True

Muscle contraction moves lymph through lymphatic vessels.

True

Normal immune responses require T and B lymphocytes.

True

Older red blood cells may be destroyed in the spleen.

True

Morris has lung cancer and is given the drug Avastin. His doctor says that the drug is a monoclonal antibody. This means that the drug consists of

a single type of antibody.

A lymph node contains

afferent vessels circulating lymph into the node on its convex surface.

Injections of gamma globulin are sometimes given to provide

artificially acquired passive immunity.

Stephanie has her cancerous right breast removed, and the surgeon also removes lymph nodes in the axillary region to prevent spread of the cancer. As a result, Stephanie's right arm

becomes edematous.

Aging of the lymphatic system begins

before birth

The antibodies produced in allergic reactions

belong to the immunoglobulin E group.

What cell types are targeted by cytotoxic T cells?

cancer cells and virally infected cells.

Complement proteins, which are activated when IgG or IgM antibodies bind antigen,

cause opsonization, which coats the antibody-antigen complexes in a way that attracts phagocytes.

Cytotoxic T cells destroy their target cells by releasing perforin, which causes holes to form in

cell membranes.

T lymphocytes are responsible for

cell-mediated immunity.

If lymph nodes existed without macrophages, the lymph nodes would lose the ability to

clear cellular debris and initiate immune responses.

IgA is passed to a newborn through maternal __________ and breast milk.

colostrum

What are pathogens?

disease causing agents

The supratrochlear lymph nodes are located near the

elbow

AIDS is caused by a virus that attacks complement enzymes.

false

Two mechanical barriers to infection are interferon and inflammation.

false

Innate defenses are

fast and non specific

Interleukin-1 secretion causes

fever

Tissue fluid is __________ and lymph is __________.

forced out of blood plasma; absorbed into lymph capillaries

The region of a lymph node through which blood vessels and nerves pass is called the

hilum

Low-grade fever is an effective defense for short periods of time because it

increases temperature, which slows the growth of bacteria.

The formation of lymph increases as a result of

increasing hydrostatic pressure in tissue fluid.

Henry has a cut on his thigh that becomes infected. As a result, the lymph nodes in his __________ enlarge.

inguinal region

The cells that are primarily responsible for immunity are

lymphocytes and macrophages.

A transplant recipient rejects a transplanted organ because her __________ does not match that of the donor closely enough.

major histocompatibility complex

In HIV infection, reverse transcriptase

makes DNA from viral RNA

A newborn is protected against certain digestive and respiratory infections by IgA received via the mother's

milk

The mononuclear phagocytic system includes

monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils

The type of resistance that is acquired as a result of developing a disease is

naturally acquired active immunity.

The most active phagocytic cells in circulating blood are

neutrophils and monocytes.

A virus differs from other pathogens in that it is

not capable of reproduction outside a living cell.

Newborns can acquire __________ immunity through breast milk.

passive

B cells divide and differentiate into __________ which produce and secrete antibodies.

plasma cells

Lymph differs from plasma in that

plasma has more protein than lymph.

Plasma cells

produce antibody molecules.

A primary immune response __________, and a secondary immune response __________.

produces antibodies within five to ten days of exposure to antigens; produces antibodies within a day or two of a subsequent exposure to the same antigen

The tissues of the spleen are called

red and white pulp

The spleen

resembles a large lymph node divided into lobules.

A vaccine produces its effects by

stimulating a primary immune response.

Drugs used to reduce the tissue rejection reaction following the transplantation of tissue from one person to another

suppress the immune response in the recipient.

Fluid is kept from accumulating in tissue spaces by

the lymphatic system.

A transplant recipient may be able to eventually discontinue immunosuppressant drugs if

the recipient receives a well-matched transplant from the donor.

The two collecting ducts that drain the lymphatic trunks are the

thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct.

One function of lymph is

transport of foreign particles to the lymph nodes.

The lymph nodes of the axillary region receive lymph mainly from the

upper limb and mammary gland.

The structure of a lymphatic vessel is most similar to that of a(n)

vein

An immunoglobulin molecule is an antigen secreted by T lymphocytes.

False

An injection of synthetic antibodies imparts active immunity.

False

Immunoglobulin A is abundant in endocrine gland secretions.

False

The thymus enlarges after puberty.

False

Anti-Rh antibodies are an example of what class of immunoglobulin?

IgG

The most abundant type of immunoglobulin is

IgG

In the cellular immune response

T cells attach directly to antigens and destroy them.

A child is infected with chicken pox (Varicella-Zoster virus), which triggers a primary immune response. The memory cells produced to suppress further attacks by chicken pox consist of

T cells only.,,,wrong

A person has a rare autoimmune disorder in which immune cells attack and destroy thymosins as soon as they are produced and secreted. What affect will this have on the immune system?

T lymphocytes will cease maturation and immune function will be severely impacted.

DiGeorge syndrome is a chromosomal disorder in which the thymus never develops/barely develops due to a deletion in a chromosome. Which of the following complications would you expect a child with DiGeorge syndrome to encounter?

The child will possess very few T lymphocytes and will be immunocompromised.

Which innate defense mechanism initiate(s) a cascade effect in response to foreign proteins in the body?

The complement system

One major symptom of Hodgkin's lymphoma is noticeable swelling of lymph nodes in the axillary, thoracic, and cervical regions. Which of the following does not reflect where you expect to find swellings?

The hands

Choose the item that would provoke a cell to produce interferons.

Viruses