A&P Urinary and Male/Female reproductive systems

In what order does sperm produced in the seminiferous tubules pass through the following structures before being stored in the epididymis? 1) Efferent ductules 2) Straight ductules 3) Rete testis

2,3,1.

Secondary spermatocytes each contain

23 chromosomes, each with a pair of duplicate chromatids.

The average length of the uterine cycle is

28 days.

What is the proper arrangement of the four structures listed below into the order in which sperm pass from the testis to the urethral meatus? 1. ductus deferens 2. urethra 3. ejaculatory duct 4. epididymis

4, 1, 3, 2.

How many sperm will eventually be produced from each primary spermatocyte? (Module 26.3B)

4.

The spermatic cord is

A bundle of tissue that contains the ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that serve the testis.

The vagina is

A muscular tube extending between the uterus and the external genitalia.

Which of the following statements concerning oogenesis is false? -Ova develop from stem cells called oogonia. -About half the oogonia complete mitosis between birth and puberty. -An ovum completes meiosis II after it is fertilized. -By the time of their birth, girls have already lost about 80 percent of their oocytes. -Oogenesis begins before birth.

About half the oogonia complete mitosis between birth and puberty.

The ________ of a sperm contains the enzymes essential for fertilization.

Acrosomal cap.

List the structures of a sperm. (Module 26.3C)

Acrosome, head, neck, middle piece, and tail.

Where does filtration exclusively occur in the kidney? (Module 24.7B)

Across the filtration membrane in the renal corpuscle.

Interstitial cells produce

Androgens.

The pigmented skin that surrounds the nipple is the

Areola.

The ________ carries fluid from the seminal gland through the prostate.

Ejaculatory duct.

The portion of the uterine tube that ends in fingerlike fimbriae is the

Infundibulum.

The primary role of FSH in males is to

Initiate sperm production in the testes.

Testosterone is secreted by the

Interstitial cells.

What is the function of interstitial endocrine cells? (Module 26.4A)

Interstitial endocrine cells produce androgens, such as testosterone.

Which of the following statements about the uterine cycle is false? -It is divided into three phases. -It is ultimately controlled by GnRH. -It often involves painful myometrial contraction. -It continues during pregnancy. -The first occurrence is termed menarche.

It continues during pregnancy.

The pituitary hormone that stimulates the interstitial cells to secrete testosterone is

LH.

The nurse cells of the seminiferous tubules do all of the following except: -Maintain the blood-testis barrier. -Secrete androgen-binding protein. -Support spermiogenesis. -Secrete inhibin. -Secrete testosterone.

Secrete testosterone.

The ________ is/are in contact with the posterior side to the urinary bladder.

Seminal glands.

Sperm production occurs in the

Seminiferous tubules.

Define spermatogenesis. (Module 26.3A)

Spermatogenesis is the production of sperm using mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis.

Sperm develop from stem cells called

Spermatogonia.

The penile urethra passes through the corpus

Spongiosum.

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Stimulates spermatogenesis and stimulates maturation of primordial follicles in the ovary.

What is the function of the ductus deferens? (Module 26.5A)

Stores sperm and transports sperm to the ejaculatory duct.

A sample of a woman's blood is analyzed for reproductive hormone levels. The results indicate a high level of progesterone, relatively high levels of inhibin, and low levels of FSH and LH. The female is most likely experiencing ________ of the uterine cycle.

The secretory phase.

Define the vasa recta. (Module 24.5C)

The vasa recta are long, straight capillaries that that parallel the nephron loop.

Distinguish between the vesico-uterine and recto-uterine pouches. (Module 26.9A)

The vesico-uterine pouch is between the uterus and the posterior wall of the bladder and the recto-uterine pouch is between the uterus and the anterior surface of the colon.

Which of the following is not true of interstitial cells? -They respond to luteinizing hormone. -They produce testosterone. -They produce inhibin. -They help establish male secondary sex characteristics. -They are found in the tissue between seminiferous tubules.

They produce inhibin.

The main organs of the female reproductive tract include all of the following except the: -Urinary bladder. -Uterus. -Ovaries. -Vagina. -Mammary glands.

Urinary bladder.

The male reproductive system is most closely associated with which of the following systems? -Muscular -Integumentary -Endocrine -Digestive -Urinary

Urinary.

When ADH levels in the DCT decrease, what happens to the urine osmotic concentration? (Module 24.12.D)

Urine osmotic concentration decreases and urine volume increases.

Fertilization of an ovum usually takes place in the

Uterine tube.

The structure that transports the ovum to the uterus is the

Uterine tube.

The vulva includes all of the following except the: -Vagina -Labia Minora -Mons Pubis -Clitoris -Labia Majora

Vagina.

The space bounded by the labia minora is the

Vestibule.

The main portion of the uterus is called the

Body.

The small paired structures at the base of the penis that secrete a thick, alkaline mucus are the

Bulbourethral glands.

Which of the following best matches the term endometrium?

Consists of a basilar layer and a functional layer.

The clitoris

Contains erectile tissue comparable to the corpora cavernosa of the penis.

The ________ consists of the follicle cells that cling to the oocyte after ovulation.

Corona radiata.

The paired erectile bodies in the penis are the

Corpora cavernosa.

Name the three columns of erectile tissue in the penis. (Module 26.6A)

Corpus spongiosum and the paired corpora cavernosa.

The erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra is the

Corpus spongiosum.

Name the layers of the endometrium. (Module 26.12A)

Deeper basal layer and superficial functional layer.

The organ that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the

Ductus deferens.

Spermatozoa functionally mature within the

Epididymis.

The organ that monitors and adjusts the composition of tubular fluid, recycles damaged spermatozoa, and is the site of sperm maturation is the

Epididymis.

The outermost layer of the kidney is the

Fibrous capsule.

The ________ are fingerlike projections that capture the freshly ovulated ovum.

Fimbriae.

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term calyx?

Final urine enters here.

The shallow recess that surrounds the cervical protrusion into the vagina is called the

Fornix.

Name the regions of the uterus. (Module 26.11C)

Fundus, body, and cervix.

The ________ is the rounded portion of the uterine body superior to the attachment of the uterine tubes.

Fundus.

What structure releases the secondary oocyte during ovulation?

Graafian follicle.

The ________ is the part of the sperm that contains the DNA.

Head.

Identify the sources of hormones that control male sexual and reproductive functions. (Module 26.7B)

Hypothalamus, anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and the testes.

What ovarian cycle changes would result if the LH surge did not occur? (Module 26.15A)

If the LH surge did not occur, the secondary oocyte would not complete meiosis I, ovulation would not occur, and the corpus luteum would not form.

Where in the male reproductive system would you expect to find the most mature spermatozoa?

In the ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct.

A mature follicle releases an ovum in response to a surge in

Luteinizing hormone.

________ are the organs of milk production.

Mammary glands.

The special type of cell division required to produce gametes is called

Meiosis.

The onset of the first uterine cycle is called

Menarche.

________ is the process of sloughing off the old functional layer of the endometrium.

Menstruation.

The thick muscular layer of the uterus is the

Myometrium.

The reproductive system does not include: -Ducts that receive and transport the gametes. -Gonads and external genitalia. -Accessory glands and organs that secrete fluids. -Mammary glands. -None of the answers is correct.

None of the answers is correct.

What is the role of nurse cells? (Module 26.4C)

Nurse cells create a microenvironment that supports spermatogenesis and form the blood testis barrier that isolates sperm from the blood.

Compare obligatory water reabsorption with facultative water reabsorption. (Module 24.12B)

Obligatory water reabsorption cannot be prevented, whereas facultative water reabsorption can be precisely controlled.

Define oocyte. (Module 26.10A)

Oocyte is an immature female gamete.

The ligament that attaches the ovary to the uterus is the ________ ligament.

Ovarian

The region where blood vessels enter the ovary is called the

Ovarian hilum.

Name the structures enclosed by the broad ligament, and describe the function of the mesovarium. (Module 26.9C)

Ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus; the mesovarium supports and stabilizes each ovary.

The surge in luteinizing hormone that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers

Ovulation.

The ________ delivers urine to a minor calyx.

Papillary duct.

The ________ passes through the shaft of the penis to the external urethral meatus.

Penile urethra.

Name the structures of the male external genitalia. (Module 26.1B)

Penis, urethra, and scrotum.

The organ that delivers semen into the female reproductive tract is the

Penis.

Sperm are moved along the ductus deferens by

Peristaltic contractions.

The fold of skin that covers the glans penis is the

Prepuce.

The primary follicle develops from the

Primordial follicle.

What are the functions of the gonads? (Module 26.1A)

Produce and store gametes.

What is the function of gonads?

Produce gametes and produce hormones.

What roles do the ovaries perform? (Module 26.9B)

Produce oocytes, secrete female sex hormones, secrete inhibin.

Functions of the accessory glands of the male reproductive system include all of the following except: -Activating the spermatozoa. -Producing buffers. -Producing spermatozoa. -Propelling spermatozoa and fluids along the reproductive tract. -Meeting the nutrient needs of spermatozoa for motility.

Producing spermatozoa.

After ovulation, the ovary secretes

Progesterone.

The ________ is a pocket formed between the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior surface of the rectum.

Recto-uterine pouch.

Which of the following is not a function of the ovaries? -Responding directly to GnRH -Secretion of inhibin -Production of oocytes -Secretion of hormones -Formation of immature gametes

Responding directly to GnRH.

Identify the complex network of channels that is connected to the seminiferous tubules. (Module 26.2A)

Rete testis.

The ________ is a fleshy pouch suspended below the perineum and anterior to the anus.

Scrotum.

The broad ligament does all of the following except: -Subdivide the peritoneal cavity. -Stay continuous with the parietal peritoneum. -Attach to floor of the pelvic cavity. -Enclose the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus. -Support and stabilizes the position of the ovary.

Support and stabilizes the position of the ovary.

The ________ ligament extends from the lateral surface of the ovary to the pelvic wall.

Suspensory.

In a mature human spermatozoan,

The acrosome is next to the nucleus, and the head contains 23 chromosomes.

On a warm day, would the cremaster muscle be contracted or relaxed? Why? (Module 26.2B)

The cremaster muscle would be relaxed so the scrotum could descend away from the body.

On which of the following days would the level of LH be highest in a female?

The day before ovulation.

Define countercurrent multiplication as it occurs in the kidneys. (Module 24.11A)

The exchange of substances in the adjacent limbs of the nephron loop containing fluid moving in opposite directions.

During the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle,

The functional zone of the endometrium is restored.

Cite the similarities that exist between certain structures in the reproductive systems of females and males. (Module 26.13C)

The greater vestibular glands in females are similar to the bulbo-urethral glands in males and the both male penis and female clitoris contain erectile tissue.