A&P1 Chapter 9 Articulations
The tough outer layer of fibrocartilage on the intervertebral discs is the...?
Anulus fibrosus.
Abduction and adduction always refer to movements of the...?
Appendicular skeleton.
Describe a gliding movement?
Articular surface of one bone moves over articular surface of another without any angular or circular movement.
Movements that occur at the shoulder and the hip represent the actions that occur at a _________ joint?
Ball and Socket.
The elbow is quite stable because the?
Bony surfaces of the humerus and ulna interlock, articular capsule is very thick, and capsule is reinforced by stout ligaments.
Small, synovial-filled pockets that form where a tendon or ligament rubs against other tissues are called...?
Bursae.
The type of joint that connects the fingers and toes with the metacarpals and metatarsals is a...?
Condylar, biaxial, and synovial joint.
Flexion is defined as movement that...?
Decreases the angle between articulating elements.
Synovial joints are?
Diarthroses (freely movable).
Examples of monaxial joints, which permit angular movement in a single plane are the...?
Elbow and knee joints.
The radial collateral, annular, and ulnar collateral ligaments provide stability for the...?
Elbow joint.
Examples of angular motion include...?
Flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and circumduction.
Movements of the vertebral column are limited to?
Flexion and extension, lateral flexion, and rotation.
Whats the difference between flexion and extension?
Flexion decreases the angle between articulating bones, extension increases the angle.
A movement that reduces the angle between the articulating elements is...?
Flexion.
What is a diarthroses?
Freely movable.
The joint that permits the greatest range of motion of any joint it the body is the...?
Glenohumeral joint.
The knee joint functions as a....?
Hinge joint.
The joint that permits the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body is...?
Hip joint.
What is a synarthroses?
Immovable joint.
The functions of synovial fluid that fills the joint cavity are?
It nourishes the chondrocytes, it provides lubrication, and it acts as a shock absorber.
Abduction movement.
What movement is this?
Adduction movement.
What movement is this?
Depression movement.
What movement is this?
Elevation movement.
What movement is this?
Opposition movement.
What movement is this?
Rotation movement.
What movement is this?
Circumduction movement.
What movement?
Dorsiflexion movement.
What movement?
Eversion movement.
What movement?
Extension movement.
What movement?
Flexion movement.
What movement?
Inversion movement.
What movement?
Plantar flexion movement.
What movement?
Pronation movement.
What movement?
Protraction movement.
What movement?
Retraction movement.
What movement?
Flexion, extension, hyperextension.
What movements are these?
Subdeltoid bursa.
What structure is D?
Acromion of shoulder joint.
What structure is this?
Articular capsule.
What structure is this?
Articular cartilage of synovial joint.
What structure is this?
Fibrous joint capsule.
What structure is this?
Joint cavity of synovial joint.
What structure is this?
Synovial membrane of synovial joint.
What structure is this?
What is the definition of multiaxial?
Permit movements around three or more axes in three or more planes.
Describe a gliding joint and give example?
A multiaxial joint that have flat surfaces sliding past each other, and least movable of synovial joints. Ex. between carpals.
Gliding joint.
Type of joint?
Describe a ball and socket joint and give example?
A multiaxial joint that is the most movable joint, a ball- shaped head of one bone fits into a concave depression. Ex. shoulder, hip.
Hinge joint.
Type of joint?
Describe a condyloid joint and give example?
A biaxial joint where the condyle fits into an elliptical socket. Ex. wrist.
Describe a saddle joint and give example?
A biaxial joint with articulating ends of bones resemble reciprocally shaped miniature saddles; only ex. is the thumb.
The system that regulates bone position by controlling muscle contractions is the...?
Nervous system.
Describe and angular movement?
One bone changes angle of relation to other bone.
What is the definition of uniaxial joints?
Permit movement around ONLY one axis and in only ONE plane.
What is the definition of biaxial?
Permit movements around TWO perpendicular axes in TWO perpendicular planes.
What is an amphiarthroses?
Slightly movable.
What are ligaments?
Strong cords of dense, white, fibrous tissue that hold bones of synovial joint more firmly together.
Movements in the wrist and hand in which the palm is turned forward is...?
Supination.
Joints that permit a wide range of motion are called diarthrotic or...?
Synovial joints.
What are bursae?
Synovial membranes filled with synovial fluid; cushion joints, and facilitate movement of tendons.
Pivot joint.
Type of joint?
Saddle joint.
Type of joint?
Describe pivot joints and give example?
Uniaxial joints of with a projection of one bone articulates with ring or notch of another bone. Ex. atlas and axis.
Describe hinge joints and give example?
Uniaxial joints with articulating ends of bones that form hinge that allows only flexion and extension. Ex. elbow.
The reason that the elbow and knee are called hinge joints is...?
They permit angular movement in a single plane.
The primary functions of menisci in synovial joints are?
To subdivide a synovial cavity, to channel the flow of synovial fluid, and to allow for variations in the shapes of the articular surfaces.
Ball and socket joint.
Type of joint?
Condyle joint.
Type of joint?