A&P2 The blood (lecture)
Select the incorrect statement regarding blood cell formation.
Platelets are formed from myeloblasts.
Blood is a_____________.
Suspension
James had a hemoglobin measurement of 16g/100 ml blood. This is______________.
Within the normal range
The most numerous of the formed elements are the
erythrocytes
When blood is centrifuged and its components separate, the bottom of the tube holds the
erythrocytes
The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called
hematopoiesis
The special type of hemoglobin presents in fetal red blood cells is _______________.
hemoglobin F
What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?
kidney
All of the following can be expected with polycythemia except ________.
low blood viscosity
When blood oxygen is _____, erythropoietin is released, which ______ production of erythrocytes.
low; stimulates
T-lymphocytes are a category of
lymphocytes
Which of the following is a protective function of blood?
maintenance of body temperature
Which of the following is not a structural characteristic that contributes to erythrocytes gas transport functions?
mitotically active
The type of leukocytes that is very active during a bacterial infection is a(n)
neutrophil
Which are the most numerous of the leukocytes?
neutrophils
A lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and large pale cells called macrocytes, is characteristic of ________.
pernicious anemia
The first phase in hemostasis is
vascular spasm
To compensate for significant blood loss, the autonomic nervous system triggers
vasoconstriction and an increase in heart rate
Which of the following is true about blood plasma?
It is about 90% water.
When neither anti-A serum nor anti-B serum clot on a blood plate with donor blood, the blood is type ________.
O
Which blood type is generally called the universal donor?
O
Platelets are formed elements.
True
Simply put, antibodies are molecules on the lookout for antigens.
True
Blood plasma is slightly _______; if pH drifts out of the normal range, dire consequences can result from alterations in the structure of _______ .
basic, proteins
The main function of leukocytes is to?
defend against pathogens
Sodium, calcium, and bicarbonate are all described as plasma
electrolytes
The clinical definition of the hematocrit refers to the percentage of
erythrocytes in blood
Which of the following is NOT a functional characteristic of WBCs?
granulosis
When can erythroblastosis fetalis not possibly happen in the child of an Rh negative mother?
if the father is Rh-
One of the unhealthy effects of blood doping is to
increase the viscosity of the blood
Leukocytes are the ____________ of the formed elements, and leukocytes have _______________.
largest, prominent nuclei
Old erythrocytes are phagocytized in the
liver and spleen
No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in ________.
monocytes
The " Buffy coat" in a centrifuged blood sample is composed of
platelets and leukocytes
Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies?
protection
The life span of an erythrocytes is about _____________days.
120
The temperature of blood is about ____________ than measured body temperature.
1° C higher
Plasma makes up about ________ percent of centrifuged sample of whole blood.
55
What is the average normal pH range of blood?
7.35-7.45
Which leukocytes are granulocytes? a: Neutrophils b: Eosinophils c: Lymphocytes d: Monocytes e: Basophils f: Erythrocytes
A, B, E
The plasma protein that is the major contributor to osmotic pressure is ______?
Albumin
An individual hematocrit would vary with
All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following statement does not describe blood?
Blood carriers body cells to injured areas for repair
Which of the statements below is an incorrect or false statement?
Blood typing for the Kell, Lewis, and Duffy factors is always done before a blood transfusion.
Which is going to result in significant agglutination?
Donor is type AB, recipient is type B
Platelets are roughly the same size as erythrocytes, and like erythrocytes, they eject their nucleus just before entering circulation.
False
The blood type of a person missing the surface antigen D is Rh-positive.
False
When viewing a centrifuged blood sample, the erythrocytes will be on the top.
False
The agglutination (or antigens) that determine the ABO and RH blood types are
Found on the surface of erythrocytes.
Which of the choices below is the parent cell for all formed elements of bloods?
Hemocytoblast
thromboembolic disorders___________.
Include embolus formation, a clot moving with the circulatory system
Leukocytes are the __________of the formed elements, and leukocytes have ____________.
Largest, prominent nuclei
Platelets____________.
Stick to the damaged area of blood vessels and help seal the break
Fred's blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean?
There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma.
A reticulocyte is a cell formed during erythropoiesis that has lost its nucleus and all organelles except some ribosomes.
True
Blood helps regulate the pH and the temperature of the body.
True
Macrophages are the converted monocytes that phagocytize bacteria, cell fragments, dead cells, and debris.
True
Which are characteristics of type O blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen O on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes
a, b, e a. has anti A antibodies b. has anti B antibodies e. has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes
The smallest and most abundant plasma proteins are the
albumins
Which are characteristic of type A blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen B on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes f: Will agglutinate with blood type B
b, c, f b. has anti B antibodies c. has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes f. will agglutinate with blood type B
Which are characteristic of type Rh negative blood? A: Always has Rh (anti-D) antibodies B: Only under certain conditions will Rh (anti-D) antibodies be present C: Always has Rh (D) antigen D: Only under certain conditions will the Rh (D) antigen be present E: Is inherited independent of the ABO group
b, e b. only under certain conditions will Rh antibodies be present e. is inherited independent of the ABO group
Which are the least numerous of the leukocytes?
basophils
The first phase of hemostasis involves
blood vessel constriction
The hemoglobin found in erythrocytes is able to chemically attach to
both oxygen and carbon dioxide
The process of ________________ is the third and final phase of __________________, where the protein fibrin forms a meshwork that catches other elements of the blood.
coagulation and hemostasis
Oxygen-poor blood is _________ in color.
dark red
If a patient becomes dehydrated, the percentage of plasma in a centrifuged sample of his or her blood would likely
decrease
One of the functions of blood is to regulate fluid levels in the body. If too much fluid escapes from the bloodstream and enters the tissues, blood pressure will
decrease
Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis?
fibrinolysis
In young children, hematopoiesis occurs in most of their bones, but in adulthood it primarily occurs in
flat bones of the axial skeleton
Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis?
hypoxia of EPO-producing cells
The type of leukocyte that will migrate in the blood and take up residence in the tissues as a macrophage is a(n)
monocyte
Blood reticulocyte counts provide information regarding ________.
rate of erythrocyte formation
An individual who is blood type AB negative can ________.
receive any blood type in moderate amounts except with the Rh antigen
which of the following is characteristics of all leukocytes?
they are nucleated
Blood is correctly classified as a(n)
tissue
Which of the following is NOT a distribution function of blood?
transport of salts to maintain blood volume
Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of carbon dioxide and endocrine hormones?
transportation
All of the following conditions impair coagulation except ________.
vascular spasm
James has a hemoglobin measurement of 16 g/100 ml blood. This is ________.
within the normal range
The reason it is more appropriate to call an erythrocyte a "formed element " rather than a "cell"is that erythrocytes
Lack a nucleus and organelles
Which are characteristic of type A blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen B on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes f: Will agglutinate with blood type B
D. b, c, f
The reason it is more appropriate to call an erythrocyte a "formed element" rather than a "cell" is that erythrocytes
Lack a nucleus and organelles
