Abdomen Midterm

Breast exam done by physician

Clinical breast exam

What artifact is a type of reverberation artifact caused by a number of small, highly reflective interfaces, such as gas bubbles?

Comet tail artifact

-Non-palpable -Confined to duct -Calcification -Unilateral- in one area within right or left breast within ductal system

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)

-Can be in both breasts -Aggressive form of lobular carcinoma

Invasive Lobular Carcinoma

Extension of breast tissue into the axilla

Tail of Spence

Calcium regulator; released by thyroid when there is too much calcium in the body

Calcitonin

BIRADS

reading system for malignancy

Terminal ends of the centripetal arteries that curve backward toward the capsule are

recurrent rami

Parathyroid glands lie...

posterior to the thyroid gland

Testicular cancers occur most frequently between the ages of

20-34 years old

The typical range for diagnostic ultrasound imaging is

2MHz-15MHz

Benign thyroid neoplasm characterized by complete fibrous encapsulation

Adenoma

Least common thyroid malignancy

Anaplastic carcinoma

Which is best described as the condition in which the patient lacks the normal posterior fixation of the testis and epididymis to the scrotal wall?

Bell-clapper deformity

Cystic formation located lateral to the thyroid gland

Brachial cleft cyst

Normal thyroid is also known as

Euthyroid

(t/f) The most common epididymis shows increases color Doppler.

False

Caused by trauma; can mimic appearance of breast cancer

Fat Necrosis

-Most common benign mass of the breast -Solid, smooth borders, hypoechoic structure, macrolobulations

Fibroadenoma

A 35 year old male patient has a history of testicular cancer. Which is NOT typically a primary cancer of the testicle?

Follicular carcinoma

A solitary malignant thyroid mass with irregular margins and a thick halo represents which thyroid cancer?

Follicular carcinoma

Enlarged thyroid

Goiter

The testicular choriocarcinoma is associated with an elevation of what lab value?

HCG

Oversecretion of thyroid hormones

Hyperthyroidism

Undersecretion of thyroid hormones, most common thyroid disorder

Hypothyroidism

-Dermal lymphatic edema -Effects entire breast -Looks like an orange

Inflammatory Carcinoma (Peau d' Orange)

Definition of In Situ

Inside, not invasive; has not made its way out of the ductal system

Benign lesion within ducts that can produce bloody serous discharge

Intraductal Papilloma

Most common malignant breast cancer

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC)

-Non-palpable -Confined to lobules -No calcification -Unilateral -Very low malignancy; not aggressive cancer

Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS)

What lies posterolateral to the thyroid?

Longus Colli Muscle

-Inflammation of the breast -Occurs in lactating women

Mastitis

A 17 year old male patient is in for a scrotal sonogram with a history of left testicular pain. There appears to be increased flow within the left testicle. This is most indicative of?

Orchitis

Arises from DCIS; patches of skin irritation throughout the breast

Paget's Disease

Most common thyroid malignancy

Papillary carcinoma

A hydrocele develops between the:

Parietal and visceral layers of the tunica vaginalis

Hard lump of tissue

Phyllodes Tumor

What lies anterolateral to the thyroid?

Sternocleimastoid muscles

What lies anterior to the thyroid?

Strap Muscles

The patient was 17 years old and complained of extreme scrotal pain, nausea, and vomiting. This is caused by what?

Right testicular torsion

A 33 year old male patient is in for a scrotal exam with a history of right testicular painless enlargement. Sonographically, a 3cm hypoechoic intratesticular mass is noted within the right testicle. What would this most likely be?

Seminoma

A 64 year old patient presents to the ultrasound department with leukocytosis, a painful scrotum and fever. He has a history of epididymo-orchitis. Sonographically, a heterogeneous mass that contains some gas shadows is noted within the right testicle. Color doppler imaging reveals increased vascularity around the mass, but not within it. Which of the following would be most likely?

Testicular abscess

Palpable mass in the midline of the neck, anterior to the trachea, near the hyoid bone

Thyroglossal duct cyst

Cancer screening purpose for breast

To detect early cancer

Dilated veins in the pampiniform plexus caused by obstruction of the venous return testicle are

Varicolceles

enlargements of lymph nodes

adenopathy

What does adenoma most commonly cause?

primary hyperparathyroidism

What does being a woman and nulliparity have in common?

both are risk factors of breast cancer

What sits lateral to the lobes of the thyroid?

carotid and jugular

o Well-defined borders o Good through transmission o Anechoic

characteristics of benign mass

o Irregular margins o Sharp, angular, microlobulations o Taller-than-wide

characteristics of malignant mass

An extension of the internal obliques muscle that descends to the testis with the spermatic cord is called

cremasteric muscle

Testicles remain within the abdomen or groin and fail to descend into the scrotal sac are called

cryptorchidism

Calcium-sensing organs of the body

parathyroid glands

Pocket or cavity under the skin found in head, neck, or face

dermoid

Mammary layer consists of...

ducts, lobules, where milk production occurs

A common cause of acute scrotal pain in adults is

epididymo-orchitis

(t/f) Adenoma is the least common mass of the parathyroid.

false

(t/f) If a testicular mass is seen extratesticular, it is usually malignant.

false, benign

Indication to have a breast US

finding palpable lump

The largest part of the epididymis

head

A seminoma of the testicle usually appears as a

homogenous, hypoechoic mass with a smooth border

What is an indication for an examination of the parathyroid?

hypercalcemia

Enlargement of parathyroid glands

hyperplasia

Main arterial supply to breast

internal mammary and lateral thoracic arteries

middle layer of breast

mammary layer

Central linear structure formed by the convergence of multiple, thin septations within the testicle, which are invaginations of the tunica albuginea is called

mediastinum testis

inner layer of breast

retromammary layer

What sits anterolateral to the trachea and esophagus?

rt and lt lobes of thyroid

Follow up exam of patients with microlithiasis is recommended

semiannually

Which of the following testicular lesions is typically benign?

spermatocele

outer layer of breast

subcutaneous layer

Patients who have cryptorchidism have an increased risk for

testicular malignancy

A common cause of acute scrotal pain in adolescent is

testicular torsion

T4 meaning

thyroxine

A 15 year old with acute scrotal pain most likely has

torsion

T3 meaning

triiodothyronine

Hydroceles develop in the space between the tunica:

vaginalis

Tube that connects the epididymis to the seminal vesicle is called

vas deferns

When do you start doing self-breast exams?

when you develop breasts

Which testicular tumor is associated with an elevation of alpa-fetaprotein?

yolk sac tumor