Abnormal Psych Ch.1
defense mechanism
common pattern of behavior in response to particular situations
id
in psychoanalysis, the unconscious physical entity present at birth representing basic sexual and aggressive drives
classical conditioning
learning process whereby a neutral stimulus can evoke a response originally evoked by another stimulus
mental health hygiene movement
mid-19th-century effort to improve care of the mentally disordered by informing the public of mistreatment
incidence
number of new cases of a disorder appearing during a specific period
catharsis
rapid or sudden release of emotional tension thought to be an important factor in psychoanalytic therapy
moral therapy
19th century approach that involved treating patients as normally as possible in normal environments
systematic desensitization
A treatment technique where the client is exposed to gradually increasing anxiety provoking stimuli while relaxing; the goal is for the client to eventually confront a phobia or fear without the previously associated anxiety.
psychoanalysis
Assessment and therapy pioneered by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes exploration of, and insight into, unconscious processes and conflicts.
psychodynamic psychotherapy
Contemporary version of psychoanalysis that still emphasizes unconscious processes and conflicts but is briefer and more focused on specific problems.
psychosexual stages of development
In psychoanalysis, the sequence of phases a person passes through during childhood
intrapsychic conflicts
In psychoanalytic theory, a struggle among the id, ego, and superego.
Extinction
Learning process in which a response maintained by reinforcement decreases when that reinforcement or pairing is removed
abnormal behavior
a psychological dysfunction within an individual that is associated with distress or impairment in functioning
collective unconscious
according to Carl Jung, accumulated wisdom of a culture remembered across generations
transference
concept in which clients relate to their therapist as they do to important authority figures
behaviorism
explanation of human actions based on principles of learning and adaptation derived from experimental psychology
Superego
in psychoanalysis, the physical entity representing the internalized moral principles of parents and society
ego mediator
in psychoanalysis, the physical entity responsible for finding realistic ways to satisfy drives
Prevelance
number of people displaying a disorder in the total population at any given time
self-actualizing
process in which people strive to achieve their highest potential against difficult life experiences
phobia
psychological disorder characterized by marked and persistent fear of an object or situation
ego psychology
theory attributing psychological disorders to failure of the reality principle to manage impulses
object relations
theory involving how children incorporate memories and values of people who are important to them
dream analysis
therapy in which one's thoughts during sleep are examined as symbolic of intrapsychic conflicts
free association
therapy technique in which patients are instructed to say whatever comes to mind without censoring
psychosocial treatment
therapy that focuses on one's environment as well as cultural factors and other influences
person-centered therapy
treatment in which the client primarily directs the course of discussion, seeking self-discovery and self-responsibility